Optimization and Development of a Scalable Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Activation Process for the Geometry-Selective Preparation of Kilograms of YLF466D, a Potent AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activator

Carbonyl group directed synthesis of 3-boryl-3-substituted alkenyl oxindoles and tetrasubstituted β-borylenones

Transition metal-free carbonyl directed boron-Wittig reaction of α-bis(boryl)carbanions with the corresponding isatins or with the α-keto esters/amides was achieved to access alkenyl oxindoles in good yield and high stereoselectivity.

Preparative Scale Applications of C-H Activation in Medicinal Chemistry

C-H activation is an attractive methodology to increase molecular complexity without requiring substrate prefunctionalization. In contrast to well-established cross-coupling methods, C-H activation is less explored on large scales and its use in the production of pharmaceuticals faces substantial hurdles. However, the inherent advantages, such as shorter synthetic routes and simpler starting materials, motivate medicinal chemists and process chemists to overcome these challenges, and exploit C-H activation steps for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. In this review, we will cover examples of drugs/drug candidates where C-H activation has been implemented on a preparative synthetic scale (range between 355 mg and 130 kg). The optimization processes will be described, and each example will be examined in terms of its advantages and disadvantages, providing the reader with an in-depth understanding of the challenges and potential of C-H activation methodologies in the production of pharmaceuticals.