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Chaganti S, Nelapati C, Jain D, Roshitha KR, Kanchupalli V, Samanthula G. Separation and characterization of degradation impurities of upadacitinib by liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1247:124319. [PMID: 39303520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Upadacitinib is an oral Janus Kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This research focuses on the forced degradation study of upadacitinib and the characterization of its degradation impurities. Upadacitinib was subjected to various degradation conditions such as hydrolysis (acid, base, neutral), oxidation, thermal, and photolysis according to International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. Twelve degradation impurities of upadacitinib were observed under oxidation (H2O2, AIBN, Fenton's reagent) and photolysis (UV light). Zeneth software was used to predict the in silico degradation profile. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to separate the observed degradation impurities with ammonium formate (pH 3.63) and acetonitrile as mobile phases on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse plus C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm). The separated degradation impurities were characterized by using high resolution mass spectrometry. The accurate masses obtained from LC-HRMS/MS were used to determine the structures of all the degradation impurities. A suitable mechanism for the formation of degradation impurities was proposed. DEREK Nexus and SARAH Nexus were used for the in silico toxicity and mutagenicity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Chaganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Chagnya Nelapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Drishti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - K R Roshitha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Vinaykumar Kanchupalli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India.
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Faiges J, Biosca M, Pericàs MA, Besora M, Pàmies O, Diéguez M. Unlocking the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted Acyclic Enones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315872. [PMID: 38093613 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation (AH) of tetrasubstituted olefins generating two stereocenters is still an open topic. There are only a few reports on the AH of tetrasubstituted olefins with conjugated functional groups, while this process can create useful intermediates for the subsequent elaboration of relevant end products. Most of the tetrasubstituted olefins successfully submitted to AH belong to a small number of functional classes; remarkably, the AH of tetrasubstituted acyclic enones still represents an unsolved challenge. Herein, we disclose a class of air-stable Ir-P,N catalysts, prepared in three steps from commercially available amino alcohols, that can hydrogenate, in minutes, a wide range of electronically and sterically diverse acyclic tetrasubstituted enones (including exocyclic ones) with high yields and high enantioselectivities. The factors responsible for the excellent selectivities were elucidated by combining deuterogenation experiments and theoretical calculations. The calculations indicated that the reduction follows an IrI /IrIII mechanism, in which enantioselectivity is controlled in the first migratory insertion of the hydride to the most electrophilic olefinic Cβ and the formation of the hydrogenated product via reductive elimination takes place prior to the coordination of dihydrogen and the subsequent oxidative addition. The potential of the new catalytic systems is demonstrated by the derivatization of hydrogenation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Faiges
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Biosca
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Pericàs
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Besora
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Oscar Pàmies
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Camara VS, da Silva AL, da Luz LC, Rodembusch FS, Santiago PHO, Ellena J, Burtoloso ACB. Unveiling a Strategy for Ring Opening of Epoxides: Synthesis of 2-Hydroxyindolinylidenes Using α-Ester Sulfoxonium Ylides. Org Lett 2024; 26:1034-1039. [PMID: 38286095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The untapped potential of α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides in epoxide ring-opening reactions has been a notable gap in current research, with such reactivity predominantly associated with the highly reactive dimethylsulfoxonium methylide. This study introduces an innovative approach wherein an epoxide indole, formed in situ from 2-hydroxyindoline-3-triethylammonium bromide, undergoes reaction with α-ester sulfoxonium ylides. The outcome is the efficient synthesis of a range of 2-hydroxyindolin-3-ylidenes, demonstrating favorable yields (41-81%) and Z/E ratios from 4:1 to those of exclusive Z isomers. Additionally, the photophysical properties of the synthesized indolinylidenes are explored, along with their derivatization using various nucleophiles under acid catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor S Camara
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Aislan L da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Lilian C da Luz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiano S Rodembusch
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro H O Santiago
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Antonio C B Burtoloso
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
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Sen R, Bhardwaj S, Bar K, Deshwal S, Vaitla J. Insights into the multifaceted applications of vinyl sulfoxonium ylides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12411-12422. [PMID: 37753776 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoxonium ylides are important synthetic precursors in various organic transformations. Their synthetic potential was well explored in the synthesis of various bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Vinyl sulfoxonium ylide is a stabilized sulfoxonium ylide containing an electron-deficient alkene at the ylidic carbon. Similar to α-keto sulfoxonium ylides, these reagents can generate vinyl carbenes in the presence of metals under suitable conditions. These vinyl carbenes can be used for various organic transformations such as X-H (X = C, N, O, S) insertions, annulations, and rearrangement reactions. Due to the dipole structure of the vinyl sulfoxonium ylide, it can undergo electrophilic addition with electrophiles at the α-position. These reagents are used as synthons for various aromatic and heteroaromatic compound syntheses. Moreover, their stability and convenient handling make them potential replacements for thermally less stable vinyl diazo compounds. Herein, we provide an overview of early efforts in this area, with particular emphasis on our own recent development of vinyl sulfoxonium ylide-mediated transformations in the presence and absence of metal catalysis, and also give personal perspectives on the challenges and future scope for improving the application of vinyl sulfoxonium ylides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Srashti Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Krishnendu Bar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Shalu Deshwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Janakiram Vaitla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Sampath M, Jayaraman SR, Eda VR, Potham R, Budhdev RR, Sen S, Bandichhor R, Oruganti S. Enantioselective Synthesis of the Chiral Pyrrolidine Fragment of Upadacitinib via Chiral Auxiliary Directed Diastereoselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magesh Sampath
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Sembian Ruso Jayaraman
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Vishnuvardhan Reddy Eda
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Rajendar Potham
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeev Rehani Budhdev
- Integrated Product Development Organization, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Bachupally, Qutbullapur, Hyderabad 500 090, Telangana, India
| | - Saikat Sen
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Rakeshwar Bandichhor
- Integrated Product Development Organization, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Bachupally, Qutbullapur, Hyderabad 500 090, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Oruganti
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
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Caiuby CAD, Furniel LG, Burtoloso ACB. Asymmetric transformations from sulfoxonium ylides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1192-1209. [PMID: 35222906 PMCID: PMC8809404 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfoxonium ylides are important surrogates for diazo compounds, and their use in industry as safer alternatives has been evaluated during recent years. Beyond the known classical transformations, these ylides have also been used in a surprising plethora of novel and intrinsic chemical reactions, especially in recent years. Bench stability and handling are also an advantage of this class of organosulfur molecules. Despite this, efficient asymmetric transformations, specifically catalytic enantioselective versions, have only recently been reported, and there are specific reasons for this. This perspective article covers this topic from the first studies up to the latest advances, giving personal perspectives and showing the main challenges in this area in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice A D Caiuby
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo São Carlos SP CEP 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Lucas G Furniel
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo São Carlos SP CEP 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Antonio C B Burtoloso
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo São Carlos SP CEP 13560-970 Brazil
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