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Koball A, Obst F, Gaitzsch J, Voit B, Appelhans D. Boosting Microfluidic Enzymatic Cascade Reactions with pH-Responsive Polymersomes by Spatio-Chemical Activity Control. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400282. [PMID: 38989686 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic flow reactors permit the implementation of sensitive biocatalysts in polymeric environments (e.g., hydrogel dots), mimicking nature through the use of diverse microstructures within defined confinements. However, establishing complex hybrid structures to mimic biological processes and functions under continuous flow with optimal utilization of all components involved in the reaction process represents a significant scientific challenge. To achieve spatial, chemical, and temporal control for any microfluidic application, compartmentalization is required, as well as the unification of different sensitive compartments in the reaction chamber for the microfluidic flow design. This study presents a self-regulating microfluidic system fabricated by a sequential photostructuring process with an intermediate chemical process step to realize pH-sensitive hybrid structures for the fabrication of a microfluidic double chamber reactor for controlled enzymatic cascade reaction (ECR). The key point is the adaptation and retention of the function of pH-responsive horseradish peroxidase-loaded polymersomes in a microfluidic chip under continuous flow. ECR is successfully triggered and controlled by an interplay between glucose oxidase-converted glucose, the membrane state of pH-responsive polymersomes, and other parameters (e.g., flow rate and fluid composition). This study establishes a promising noninvasive regulatory platform for extended spatio-chemical control of current and future ECR and other cascade reaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Koball
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie der Polymere, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Obst
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Nöthnitzer Straße 64, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie der Polymere, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
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Tripathi A, Dubey KD. The mechanistic insights into different aspects of promiscuity in metalloenzymes. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:23-66. [PMID: 38960476 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes are nature's ultimate machinery to catalyze complex reactions. Though enzymes are evolved to catalyze specific reactions, they also show significant promiscuity in reactions and substrate selection. Metalloenzymes contain a metal ion or metal cofactor in their active site, which is crucial in their catalytic activity. Depending on the metal and its coordination environment, the metal ion or cofactor may function as a Lewis acid or base and a redox center and thus can catalyze a plethora of natural reactions. In fact, the versatility in the oxidation state of the metal ions provides metalloenzymes with a high level of catalytic adaptability and promiscuity. In this chapter, we discuss different aspects of promiscuity in metalloenzymes by using several recent experimental and theoretical works as case studies. We start our discussion by introducing the concept of promiscuity and then we delve into the mechanistic insight into promiscuity at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Ouyang J, Zhang Z, Li J, Wu C. Integrating Enzymes with Supramolecular Polymers for Recyclable Photobiocatalytic Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400105. [PMID: 38386281 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Chemical modifications of enzymes excel in the realm of enzyme engineering due to its directness, robustness, and efficiency; however, challenges persist in devising versatile and effective strategies. In this study, we introduce a supramolecular modification methodology that amalgamates a supramolecular polymer with Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) to create supramolecular enzymes (SupEnzyme). This approach features the straightforward preparation of a supramolecular amphiphilic polymer (β-CD@SMA), which was subsequently conjugated to the enzyme, resulting in a SupEnzyme capable of self-assembly into supramolecular nanoparticles. The resulting SupEnzyme nanoparticles can form micron-scale supramolecular aggregates through supramolecular and electrostatic interactions with guest entities, thus enhancing catalyst recycling. Remarkably, these aggregates maintain 80 % activity after seven cycles, outperforming Novozym 435. Additionally, they can effectively initiate photobiocatalytic cascade reactions using guest photocatalysts. As a consequence, our SupEnzyme methodology exhibits noteworthy adaptability in enzyme modification, presenting a versatile platform for various polymer, enzyme, and biocompatible catalyst pairings, with potential applications in the fields of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Ouyang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
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Rahman MU, Ullah MW, Shah JA, Sethupathy S, Bilal H, Abdikakharovich SA, Khan AU, Khan KA, Elboughdiri N, Zhu D. Harnessing the power of bacterial laccases for xenobiotic degradation in water: A 10-year overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170498. [PMID: 38307266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Industrialization and population growth are leading to the production of significant amounts of sewage containing hazardous xenobiotic compounds. These compounds pose a threat to human and animal health, as well as the overall ecosystem. To combat this issue, chemical, physical, and biological techniques have been used to remove these contaminants from water bodies affected by human activity. Biotechnological methods have proven effective in utilizing microorganisms and enzymes, particularly laccases, to address this problem. Laccases possess versatile enzymatic characteristics and have shown promise in degrading different xenobiotic compounds found in municipal, industrial, and medical wastewater. Both free enzymes and crude enzyme extracts have demonstrated success in the biotransformation of these compounds. Despite these advancements, the widespread use of laccases for bioremediation and wastewater treatment faces challenges due to the complex composition, high salt concentration, and extreme pH often present in contaminated media. These factors negatively impact protein stability, recovery, and recycling processes, hindering their large-scale application. These issues can be addressed by focusing on large-scale production, resolving operation problems, and utilizing cutting-edge genetic and protein engineering techniques. Additionally, finding novel sources of laccases, understanding their biochemical properties, enhancing their catalytic activity and thermostability, and improving their production processes are crucial steps towards overcoming these limitations. By doing so, enzyme-based biological degradation processes can be improved, resulting in more efficient removal of xenobiotics from water systems. This review summarizes the latest research on bacterial laccases over the past decade. It covers the advancements in identifying their structures, characterizing their biochemical properties, exploring their modes of action, and discovering their potential applications in the biotransformation and bioremediation of xenobiotic pollutants commonly present in water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Ur Rahman
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Junaid Ali Shah
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health Uzbekistan, Fergana 150110, Uzbekistan
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Hazart Bilal
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | | | - Afaq Ullah Khan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Mahala Campus and the Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production/Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
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Eastman KS, Mifflin MC, Oblad PF, Roberts AG, Bandarian V. A Promiscuous rSAM Enzyme Enables Diverse Peptide Cross-linking. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2023; 3:480-493. [PMID: 38144258 PMCID: PMC10739248 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomally produced and post-translationally modified polypeptides (RiPPs) are a diverse group of natural products that are processed by a variety of enzymes to their biologically relevant forms. PapB is a member of the radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (rSAM) superfamily that introduces thioether cross-links between Cys and Asp residues in the PapA RiPP. We report that PapB has high tolerance for variations in the peptide substrate. Our results demonstrate that branched side chains in the thiol- and carboxylate-containing residues are processed and that lengthening of these groups to homocysteine and homoglutamate does not impair the ability of PapB to form thioether cross-links. Remarkably, the enzyme can even cross-link a peptide substrate where the native Asp carboxylate moiety is replaced with a tetrazole. We show that variations to residues embedded between the thiol- and carboxylate-containing residues are tolerated by PapB, as peptides containing both bulky (e.g., Phe) and charged (e.g., Lys) side chains in both natural L- and unnatural D-forms are efficiently cross-linked. Diastereomeric peptides bearing (2S,3R)- and (2S,3S)-methylaspartate are processed by PapB to form cyclic thioethers with markedly different rates, suggesting the enzymatic hydrogen atom abstraction event for the native Asp-containing substrate is diastereospecific. Finally, we synthesized two diastereomeric peptide substrates bearing E- and Z-configured γ,δ-dehydrohomoglutamate and show that PapB promotes addition of the deoxyadenosyl radical (dAdo•) instead of hydrogen atom abstraction. In the Z-configured γ,δ-dehydrohomoglutamate substrate, a fraction of the dAdo-adduct peptide is thioether cross-linked. In both cases, there is evidence for product inhibition of PapB, as the dAdo-adducts likely mimic the native transition state where dAdo• is poised to abstract a substrate hydrogen atom. Collectively, these findings provide critical insights into the arrangement of reacting species in the active site of the PapB, reveal unusual promiscuity, and highlight the potential of PapB as a tool in the development peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten
A. S. Eastman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Marcus C. Mifflin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Paul F. Oblad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Andrew G. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Vahe Bandarian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
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de Lorenzo S, Pillet L, Lim D, Paradisi F. Glycosyl benzoates as novel substrates for glycosynthases. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6356-6359. [PMID: 37486039 PMCID: PMC10410497 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00979c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of a procedure for the one-pot synthesis of glycosyl benzoates directly from unprotected sugars in aqueous media using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (DMC), thiobenzoic acid, and triethylamine is reported. These glycosyl donors are excellent substrates for wild-type and mutant glycosidases. β-Glucosyl benzoate was hydrolysed by the GH1 β-glucosidase derived from Halothermothrix orenii (HorGH1). Subsequent use of this substrate in thioligase-mediated glycosylation of p-nitrothiophenol demonstrated their superiority as donors compared to their p-nitrophenol counterparts with excellent conversions. Using a series of arene nucleophiles, we also demonstrate good to excellent conversions (up to 94%) of β-glucosyl benzoate to the corresponding p-nitrophenyl- and thioglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina de Lorenzo
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Lauriane Pillet
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - David Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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7
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Boukid F, Ganeshan S, Wang Y, Tülbek MÇ, Nickerson MT. Bioengineered Enzymes and Precision Fermentation in the Food Industry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10156. [PMID: 37373305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes have been used in the food processing industry for many years. However, the use of native enzymes is not conducive to high activity, efficiency, range of substrates, and adaptability to harsh food processing conditions. The advent of enzyme engineering approaches such as rational design, directed evolution, and semi-rational design provided much-needed impetus for tailor-made enzymes with improved or novel catalytic properties. Production of designer enzymes became further refined with the emergence of synthetic biology and gene editing techniques and a plethora of other tools such as artificial intelligence, and computational and bioinformatics analyses which have paved the way for what is referred to as precision fermentation for the production of these designer enzymes more efficiently. With all the technologies available, the bottleneck is now in the scale-up production of these enzymes. There is generally a lack of accessibility thereof of large-scale capabilities and know-how. This review is aimed at highlighting these various enzyme-engineering strategies and the associated scale-up challenges, including safety concerns surrounding genetically modified microorganisms and the use of cell-free systems to circumvent this issue. The use of solid-state fermentation (SSF) is also addressed as a potentially low-cost production system, amenable to customization and employing inexpensive feedstocks as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Boukid
- ClonBio Group Ltd., 6 Fitzwilliam Pl, D02 XE61 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Yingxin Wang
- Saskatchewan Food Industry Development Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7M 5V1, Canada
| | | | - Michael T Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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France SP, Lewis RD, Martinez CA. The Evolving Nature of Biocatalysis in Pharmaceutical Research and Development. JACS AU 2023; 3:715-735. [PMID: 37006753 PMCID: PMC10052283 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is a highly valued enabling technology for pharmaceutical research and development as it can unlock synthetic routes to complex chiral motifs with unparalleled selectivity and efficiency. This perspective aims to review recent advances in the pharmaceutical implementation of biocatalysis across early and late-stage development with a focus on the implementation of processes for preparative-scale syntheses.
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Dong CD, Tiwari A, Anisha GS, Chen CW, Singh A, Haldar D, Patel AK, Singhania RR. Laccase: A potential biocatalyst for pollutant degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120999. [PMID: 36608728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the continual march to a predominantly urbanized civilization, anthropogenic activities have increased scrupulously, industrialization have occurred, economic growth has increased, and natural resources are being exploited, causing huge waste management problems, disposal issues, and the evolution of several pollutants. In order to have a sustainable environment, these pollutants need to be removed and degraded. Bioremediation employing microorganisms or enzymes can be used to treat the pollutants by degrading and/or transforming the pollutants into different form which is less or non-toxic to the environment. Laccase is a diverse enzyme/biocatalyst belonging to the oxidoreductase group of enzymes produced by microorganisms. Due to its low substrate specificity and monoelectronic oxidation of substrates in a wide range of complexes, it is most commonly used to degrade chemical pollutants. For degradation of emerging pollutants, laccase can be efficiently employed; however, large-scale application needs reusability, thermostability, and operational stability which necessitated strategies like immobilization and engineering of robust laccase possessing desirable properties. Immobilization of laccase for bioremediation, and treatment of wastewater for degrading emerging pollutants have been focussed for sustainable development. Challenges of employing biocatalysts for these applications as well as engineering robust laccase have been highlighted in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Anusuiya Singh
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Suryatin Alim G, Suzuki T, Honda K. Cell-Free Production and Regeneration of Cofactors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 186:29-49. [PMID: 37306696 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cofactors, such as adenosine triphosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and coenzyme A, are involved in nearly 50% of enzymatic reactions and widely used in biocatalytic production of useful chemicals. Although commercial production of cofactors has been mostly dependent on extraction from microbial cells, this approach has a theoretical limitation to achieve a high-titer, high-yield production of cofactors owing to the tight regulation of cofactor biosynthesis in living cells. Besides the cofactor production, their regeneration is also a key challenge to enable continuous use of costly cofactors and improve the feasibility of enzymatic chemical manufacturing. Construction and implementation of enzyme cascades for cofactor biosynthesis and regeneration in a cell-free environment can be a promising approach to these challenges. In this chapter, we present the available tools for cell-free cofactor production and regeneration, the pros and cons, and how they can contribute to promote the industrial application of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladwin Suryatin Alim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuma Suzuki
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Honda
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Zaidi S, Srivastava N, Kumar Khare S. Microbial carbonic anhydrase mediated carbon capture, sequestration & utilization: A sustainable approach to delivering bio-renewables. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128174. [PMID: 36283672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the recent scenario, anthropogenic interventions have alarmingly disrupted climatic conditions. The persistent change in the climate necessitates carbon neutrality. Efficient ways of carbon capture and sequestration could be employed for sustainable product generation. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions, further utilized by cells for metabolic processes. Hence, utilizing CA from microbial sources for carbon sequestration and the corresponding delivery of bio-renewables could be the eco-friendly approach. Consequently, the microbial CA and amine-based carbon capture chemicals are synergistically applied to enhance carbon capture efficiency and eventual utilization. This review comprehends recent developments coupled with engineering techniques, especially in microbial CA, to create integrated systems for CO2 sequestration. It envisages developing sustainable approaches towards mitigating environmental CO2 from industries and fossil fuels to generate bio-renewables and other value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Zaidi
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Nitin Srivastava
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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12
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Croci F, Vilím J, Adamopoulou T, Tseliou V, Schoenmakers PJ, Knaus T, Mutti FG. Continuous Flow Biocatalytic Reductive Amination by Co-Entrapping Dehydrogenases with Agarose Gel in a 3D-Printed Mould Reactor. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200549. [PMID: 36173971 PMCID: PMC9828473 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we show how the merge of biocatalysis with flow chemistry aided by 3D-printing technologies can facilitate organic synthesis. This concept was exemplified for the reductive amination of benzaldehyde catalysed by co-immobilised amine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase in a continuous flow micro-reactor. For this purpose, we investigated enzyme co-immobilisation by covalent binding, or ion-affinity binding, or entrapment. Entrapment in an agarose hydrogel turned out to be the most promising solution for this biocatalytic reaction. Therefore, we developed a scalable and customisable approach whereby an agarose hydrogel containing the co-entrapped dehydrogenases was cast in a 3D-printed mould. The reactor was applied to the reductive amination of benzaldehyde in continuous flow over 120 h and afforded 47 % analytical yield and a space-time yield of 7.4 g L day-1 using 0.03 mol% biocatalysts loading. This work also exemplifies how rapid prototyping of enzymatic reactions in flow can be achieved through 3D-printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Croci
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Vilím
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Theodora Adamopoulou
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vasilis Tseliou
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Pillet L, Lim D, Almulhim N, Benítez-Mateos AI, Paradisi F. Novel triple mutant of an extremophilic glycosyl hydrolase enables the rapid synthesis of thioglycosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12118-12121. [PMID: 36226508 PMCID: PMC9609006 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to expand the toolbox of enzymes available for thioglycoside synthesis, we describe here the first example of an extremophilic glycosyl hydrolase from Halothermothrix orenii (HorGH1) engineered towards thioglycosynthase activity with a novel combination of mutations. Using the triple mutant, HorGH1 M299R/E166A/E354G, a range of thioglycosides from glycosyl fluoride donors and aromatic thiols could be synthesised with exquisite stereoselectivity and good to excellent conversions (61-93%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Pillet
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - David Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Nourah Almulhim
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ana I Benítez-Mateos
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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