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Peña LF, González-Andrés P, Parte LG, Escribano R, Guerra J, Barbero A, López E. Continuous Flow Chemistry: A Novel Technology for the Synthesis of Marine Drugs. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:402. [PMID: 37504932 PMCID: PMC10381277 DOI: 10.3390/md21070402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we showcase the benefits of continuous flow chemistry and photochemistry and how these valuable tools have contributed to the synthesis of organic scaffolds from the marine environment. These technologies have not only facilitated previously described synthetic pathways, but also opened new opportunities in the preparation of novel organic molecules with remarkable pharmacological properties which can be used in drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Peña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Paula González-Andrés
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lucía G Parte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Escribano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Guerra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Asunción Barbero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Enol López
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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2
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Rizzo C, Amata S, Pibiri I, Pace A, Buscemi S, Palumbo Piccionello A. FDA-Approved Fluorinated Heterocyclic Drugs from 2016 to 2022. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097728. [PMID: 37175436 PMCID: PMC10178595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of fluorine atoms or heterocyclic moiety into drug structures represents a recurrent motif in medicinal chemistry. The combination of these two features is constantly appearing in new molecular entities with various biological activities. This is demonstrated by the increasing number of newly synthesized fluorinated heterocyclic compounds among the Food and Drug Administration FDA-approved drugs. In this review, the biological activity, as well as the synthetic aspects, of 33 recently FDA-approved fluorinated heterocyclic drugs from 2016 to 2022 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Amata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ivana Pibiri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvestre Buscemi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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3
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A Brief Review: Advancement in the Synthesis of Amine through the Leuckart Reaction. REACTIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions4010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a summary of reactions that take place during the “Leuckart-type reaction”. The significance of, as well as recent advancements in, the synthesis of amines through simple and inexpensive methods using readily available raw materials is discussed. This review includes all catalytic and noncatalytic reactions that involve the Leuckart method. Recent studies have shown that at least a quarter of C–N bond-forming reactions in the pharmaceutical industry are occur with the support of reductive amination. Recently, experimental conditions have achieved excellent yields. The “Leuckart-type reaction” is technically associated with Eschweiler–Clarke methylation. Compounds are grouped in accordance with the precept of action. This includes drugs affecting the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract; anticancer drugs, antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal drugs; drugs affecting anxiety; convulsant, biotic, and HIV drugs; and antidiabetic drugs. Therefore, this review supports the development of the Leuckart-type preparation of nitrogenous compounds, as well as their advancement in other areas of human development.
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4
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Kang CL, Hnatyk C, Heaton AR, Wood B, Goyette CM, Michael Gibson J, Tischler JL. A simplified, green synthesis of tertiary amines using the Leuckart-Wallach reaction in subcritical water. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Gao L, Lai L, Ye B, Liu M, Cheng D, Jiang M, Chen F. Continuous-flow synthesis of N,N′-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-1,6-hexanediamine (DTMPA) in a Micro fixed-bed reactor. J Flow Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Yang Q, Zhao Y, Ma D. Cu-Mediated Ullmann-Type Cross-Coupling and Industrial Applications in Route Design, Process Development, and Scale-up of Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical Processes. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Yinsong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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7
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Diab S, Raiyat M, Gerogiorgis DI. Flow synthesis kinetics for lomustine, an anti-cancer active pharmaceutical ingredient. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An original reaction mechanism and kinetic parameter estimation has been achieved for lomustine, an anti-cancer active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Diab
- Institute for Materials and Processes (IMP), School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK
| | - Mateen Raiyat
- Institute for Materials and Processes (IMP), School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK
| | - Dimitrios I. Gerogiorgis
- Institute for Materials and Processes (IMP), School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK
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8
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Bokale-Shivale S, Amin MA, Sawant RT, Stevens MY, Turanli L, Hallberg A, Waghmode SB, Odell LR. Synthesis of substituted 3,4-dihydroquinazolinones via a metal free Leuckart-Wallach type reaction. RSC Adv 2020; 11:349-353. [PMID: 35423044 PMCID: PMC8691039 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3,4-dihydroquinazolinone (DHQ) moiety is a highly valued scaffold in medicinal chemistry due to the vast number of biologically-active compounds based on this core structure. Current synthetic methods to access these compounds are limited in terms of diversity and flexibility and often require the use of toxic reagents or expensive transition-metal catalysts. Herein, we describe the discovery and development of a novel cascade cyclization/Leuckart-Wallach type strategy to prepare substituted DHQs in a modular and efficient process using readily-available starting materials. Notably, the reaction requires only the addition of formic acid or acetic acid/formic acid and produces H2O, CO2 and methanol as the sole reaction byproducts. Overall, the reaction provides an attractive entry point into this important class of compounds and could even be extended to isotopic labelling via the site-selective incorporation of a deuterium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarna Bokale-Shivale
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University P. O. Box 574 SE-751 23 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mohammad A Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University P. O. Box 574 SE-751 23 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Rajiv T Sawant
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University P. O. Box 574 SE-751 23 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marc Y Stevens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University P. O. Box 574 SE-751 23 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lewend Turanli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University P. O. Box 574 SE-751 23 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Adam Hallberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University P. O. Box 574 SE-751 23 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Suresh B Waghmode
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly Pune University) Ganeshkhind Pune 411 007 India
| | - Luke R Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University P. O. Box 574 SE-751 23 Uppsala Sweden
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9
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Kuwana M, Touge T, Komatsuki Y, Saito T. Establishment of the Continuous Synthesis of Ceramide (D-erythro-CER [NDS]) via Oxo-Tethered Ruthenium Complex-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Using Pipe-Flow Reactor. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kuwana
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation
- Process Development Department, Takasago Chemical Corporation
| | - Taichiro Touge
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation
| | - Yasuhiro Komatsuki
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation
| | - Takao Saito
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation
- Process Development Department, Takasago Chemical Corporation
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10
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Flow chemistry as a tool to access novel chemical space for drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1547-1563. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective scrutinizes flow chemistry as a useful tool for medicinal chemists to expand the current chemical capabilities in drug discovery. This technology has demonstrated his value not only for the traditional reactions used in Pharma for the last 20 years, but also for bringing back to the lab underused chemistries to access novel chemical space. The combination with other technologies, such as photochemistry and electrochemistry, is opening new avenues for reactivity that will smoothen the access to complex molecules. The introduction of all these technologies in automated platforms will improve the productivity of medicinal chemistry labs reducing the cycle times to get novel and differentiated bioactive molecules, accelerating discovery cycle times.
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11
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Carroll MP, Moloney H, Gowran O, O’Connor A, Wilson EM, Murray MM, Pietz MA, Kjell DP, Held CB, Frederick MO. Development of an Improved Route for the Synthesis of an Abemaciclib Intermediate. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Carroll
- Technical Services/Manufacturing Science, Eli Lilly Kinsale, Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, P17 NY71, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Harold Moloney
- Technical Services/Manufacturing Science, Eli Lilly Kinsale, Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, P17 NY71, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia Gowran
- Quality Control Laboratories, Eli Lilly Kinsale, Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, P17 NY71, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Aoibheann O’Connor
- Technical Services/Manufacturing Science, Eli Lilly Kinsale, Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, P17 NY71, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin M. Wilson
- Technical Services/Manufacturing Science, Eli Lilly Kinsale, Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, P17 NY71, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael M. Murray
- Technical Services/Manufacturing Science, Eli Lilly Kinsale, Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, P17 NY71, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark A. Pietz
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Douglas P. Kjell
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - C. Brad Held
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Michael O. Frederick
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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12
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Reizman BJ, Burt JL, Frank SA, Argentine MD, Garcia-Muñoz S. Data-Driven Prediction of Risk in Drug Substance Starting Materials. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Reizman
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Justin L. Burt
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Scott A. Frank
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Mark D. Argentine
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Salvador Garcia-Muñoz
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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13
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Sharma Y, Nikam AV, Kulkarni AA. Telescoped Sequence of Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions in Multistep Flow Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yachita Sharma
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Arun V. Nikam
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Amol A. Kulkarni
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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14
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Touge T, Kuwana M, Komatsuki Y, Tanaka S, Nara H, Matsumura K, Sayo N, Kashibuchi Y, Saito T. Development of Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation with a Bifunctional Oxo-Tethered Ruthenium Catalyst in Flow for the Synthesis of a Ceramide (d-erythro-CER[NDS]). Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Touge
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuwana
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
- Process Development Division, Takasago Chemical Corporation, Kakegawa Factory, 2746 Kuniyasu, Kakegawa City, Shizuoka 437-1413, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Komatsuki
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Hideki Nara
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsumura
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Noboru Sayo
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kashibuchi
- Process Development Division, Takasago Chemical Corporation, Kakegawa Factory, 2746 Kuniyasu, Kakegawa City, Shizuoka 437-1413, Japan
| | - Takao Saito
- Process Development Division, Takasago Chemical Corporation, Kakegawa Factory, 2746 Kuniyasu, Kakegawa City, Shizuoka 437-1413, Japan
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15
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Skachilova SY, Zheltukhin NK, Sergeev VN, Davydova NK. Reductive Amination of Sterically Hindered Arylaminoketones Using a Modified Leuckart Reaction. Pharm Chem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-018-1857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Cole KP, Johnson MD. Continuous flow technology vs. the batch-by-batch approach to produce pharmaceutical compounds. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 11:5-13. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1413936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Cole
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin D. Johnson
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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