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Shcherban ND, Kholkina E, Sergiienko S, Kovalevsky AV, Bezverkhyy I, Murzin DY. Carboxymethylation of Cinnamyl Alcohol with Dimethyl Carbonate over Graphitic Carbon Nitrides. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300600. [PMID: 37994628 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A set of graphitic carbon nitride samples was prepared using a straightforward experimental procedure without templates and any subsequent treatments. The materials were studied in-depth using a range of physical and chemical methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis (CHN), nitrogen physisorption, SEM, XPS, TPD CO2. The resulting g-C3N4 was shown to be highly efficient in carboxymethylation of cinnamyl alcohol with dimethyl carbonate yielding up to ca. 82 % of the desired cinnamyl methyl carbonate. In the studied conditions, an increase in the surface N atomic content leads to an increase in selectivity towards the desired carbonate, while a higher surface O content was beneficial for side products. Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride was shown to be one of the most productive (ca. 2 mol/h kgcat) in the investigated reaction among studied heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya D Shcherban
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 31 pr. Nauky, 03028, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Kholkina
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Sergii Sergiienko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrei V Kovalevsky
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Igor Bezverkhyy
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Dmitry Yu Murzin
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
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2
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Van der Verren M, Corrias A, Vykoukal V, Styskalik A, Aprile C, Debecker DP. Bifunctional Au-Sn-SiO 2 catalysts promote the direct upgrading of glycerol to methyl lactate. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7988-8001. [PMID: 38572637 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Valuable alkyl lactates can be obtained from (waste) glycerol, through a two-step process that entails (i) the oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) catalyzed by support Au nanoparticles and (ii) a rearrangement of DHA with an alcohol effectively catalyzed by Sn-based heterogeneous catalysts. To solve selectivity and processing issues we propose to run the process as a cascade reaction, in one step, and with a single bifunctional catalyst. Tackling the challenge associated with the preparation of such bifunctional catalysts, here, an aerosol-assisted sol-gel route is exploited. The catalysts feature small Au nanoparticles (3-4 nm) embedded at the surface of mesoporous Sn-doped silica microspheres. The preparation successfully leads to insert both active sites in their most active forms, and in close proximity. With the bifunctional catalysts, the yield for the final product of the cascade reaction (methyl lactate) is higher than the DHA yield when only the first reaction is carried out. This highlights a beneficial substrate channeling effect which alleviates side reactions. Interestingly, the bifunctional catalysts also markedly outcompeted mechanical mixtures of the corresponding monofunctional Au- and Sn-based catalysts. Thus, the spatial proximity between the two active sites in bifunctional catalysts is identified as a key to stir the cascade reaction towards high lactate yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Van der Verren
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience (IMCN), UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Anna Corrias
- University of Kent, School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Ingram Building, Canterbury CT2 NH, UK
| | - Vit Vykoukal
- Masaryk University, Department of Chemistry, Kotlarska 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Styskalik
- Masaryk University, Department of Chemistry, Kotlarska 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carmela Aprile
- Université de Namur, Unit of Nanomaterial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Damien P Debecker
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience (IMCN), UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
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Vicinanza S, Annunziata F, Pecora D, Pinto A, Tamborini L. Lipase-mediated flow synthesis of nature-inspired phenolic carbonates. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22901-22904. [PMID: 37520085 PMCID: PMC10375258 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04735k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile and convenient lipase-catalyzed flow approach for the chemoselective synthesis of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol methyl carbonates has been developed in neat dimethylcarbonate. The products were obtained in quantitative yield with high catalyst productivity. The biocatalytic approach was then exploited for the preparation of value-added symmetrical tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicinanza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan Via Mangiagalli 25 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Francesca Annunziata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan Via Mangiagalli 25 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Desirèe Pecora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan Via Mangiagalli 25 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan Via Celoria 2 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan Via Mangiagalli 25 Milan 20133 Italy
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Continuous flow organocatalyzed methoxycarbonylation of benzyl alcohol derivatives with dimethyl carbonate. J Flow Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kholkina E, Kumar N, Eränen K, Russo V, Rahkila J, Peurla M, Wärnå J, Lehtonen J, Murzin DY. Carboxymethylation of cinnamylalcohol with dimethyl carbonate over the slag-based catalysts. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe carboxymethylation of cinnamylalcohol with dimethyl carbonate was performed using low-cost catalysts obtained from desulfurization slag. Processing of steel slag performed by different techniques was resulted in a wide range of the catalysts with different morphological and structural properties. Catalytic evaluation of the slag catalysts illustrated diversity of the obtained results strongly dependent on the surface area, crystal morphology and basicity. Catalytic materials demonstrated high variability of the conversion (8–85%) exhibiting similar selectivity to the desired product – cinnamyl methyl carbonate (ca. 80%). A significant impact of ultrasonication on catalytic activity was observed. Comparison of the synthesized samples with commercial basic materials illustrated competitive ability of the slag catalysts. Based on the results of catalytic evaluation and product analysis the reaction network was proposed and verified by thermodynamic analysis. A kinetic model was developed to describe concentration dependencies in carboxymethylation.
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Kholkina E, Kumar N, Eränen K, Peurla M, Palonen H, Salonen J, Lehtonen J, Murzin DY. Ultrasound irradiation as an effective tool in synthesis of the slag-based catalysts for carboxymethylation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105503. [PMID: 33662752 PMCID: PMC7937832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Waste minimization strategy was applied in the current work for synthesis of the catalysts from industrial solid waste, namely desulfurization slag. The starting slag material comprising CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and TiO2 was processed by various treating agents systematically varying the synthesis parameters. A novel efficient technique - ultrasound irradiation, was applied as an additional synthesis step for intensification of the slag dissolution and crystallization of the new phases. Physico-chemical properties of the starting materials and synthesized catalysts were evaluated by several analytical techniques. Treatment of the industrial slag possessing initially poor crystal morphology and a low surface area (6 m2/g) resulted in formation of highly-crystalline catalysts with well-developed structural properties. Surface area was increased up to 49 m2/g. High basicity of the neat slag as well as materials synthesized on its basis makes possible application of these materials in the reactions requiring basic active sites. Catalytic performance of the synthesized catalysts was elucidated in the synthesis of carbonate esters by carboxymethylation of cinnamyl alcohol with dimethyl carbonate carried out at 150 °C in a batch mode. Ultrasonication of the slag had a positive effect on the catalytic activity. Synthesized catalysts while exhibiting similar selectivity to the desired product (ca. 84%), demonstrated a trend of activity increase for materials prepared using ultrasonication pretreatment. The choice of the treating agent also played an important role in the catalytic performance. The highest selectivity to the desired cinnamyl methyl carbonate (88%) together with the highest activity (TOF35 = 3.89*10-7 (mol/g*s)) was achieved over the material synthesized using 0.6 M NaOH solution as the treating agent with the ultrasound pre-treatment at 80 W for 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kholkina
- Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Kari Eränen
- Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Juha Lehtonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Dmitry Yu Murzin
- Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland.
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Paris C, Karelovic A, Manrique R, Le Bras S, Devred F, Vykoukal V, Styskalik A, Eloy P, Debecker DP. CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methanol with Ga- and Zn-Doped Mesoporous Cu/SiO 2 Catalysts Prepared by the Aerosol-Assisted Sol-Gel Process*. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6409-6417. [PMID: 32996706 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of copper-based heterogeneous catalysts dedicated to the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol typically relies on multi-step procedures carried out in batch. These steps are precisely tailored to introduce the active phase (Cu) and the promoters (e. g., zinc, gallium) onto a preformed support to maximize catalyst performance. However, each process step can be associated with the formation of waste and with the consumption of energy, thereby negatively impacting the environmental performance of the overall catalyst preparation procedure. Here, a direct and continuous production process is proposed for the synthesis of efficient catalysts for the CO2 -to-methanol reaction. Gallium- and zinc-promoted mesoporous Cu-SiO2 catalysts were prepared in one step by the aerosol-assisted sol-gel process. The catalysts consisted of spherical microparticles and featured high specific surface area and pore volume, with interconnected pores of about 6 nm. A strong promoting effect of Ga and Zn was highlighted, boosting the selectivity for methanol at the expense of CO. Upon calcination, it was shown that Cu species (initially trapped in the silica matrix) underwent a migration towards the catalyst surface and a progressive sintering. After optimization, the catalysts obtained via such direct, continuous, simple, and scalable route could compete with the best catalysts reported in the literature and obtained via multi-step approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Paris
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur, 1, box L4.01.09, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- Current address: Cardiff Catalysis Institute (CCI), School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Alejandro Karelovic
- Carbon and Catalysis (CarboCat), Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Raydel Manrique
- Carbon and Catalysis (CarboCat), Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Solène Le Bras
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur, 1, box L4.01.09, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Devred
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur, 1, box L4.01.09, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Vit Vykoukal
- Masaryk University, Department of Chemistry, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
- Masaryk University, CEITEC MU, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Styskalik
- Masaryk University, Department of Chemistry, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pierre Eloy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur, 1, box L4.01.09, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Damien P Debecker
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur, 1, box L4.01.09, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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Solid acid catalyzed carboxymethylation of bio-derived alcohols: an efficient process for the synthesis of alkyl methyl carbonates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13103. [PMID: 32753584 PMCID: PMC7403395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid catalyzed carboxymethylation of alcohols is an emerging organic transformation that has grabbed the attention of scientific community in recent years. In the present study, sulfonated mesoporous polymer (MP-SO3H) is presented as a highly active solid acid catalyst to convert a wide range of alcohols into alkyl methyl carbonates. The remarkable catalytic activity of MP-SO3H is comparable to that of reported homogeneous acid catalysts. A good correlation was established between the catalytic activity and textural properties of the material. An exceptional catalytic activity of MP-SO3H was observed for DMC mediated carboxymethylation of bio-derived alcohols which is unmatchable to conventional resins and zeolites. This superior activity of MP-SO3H is ascribed to its intrinsic mesoporosity, high acid strength and uniform coverage of surface area by active sites. The catalyst is recyclable, resistant towards leaching and can be used in successive runs without losing the original activity. To the best of our knowledge, MP-SO3H is the first solid acid catalyst to exemplify highest activity for the synthesis of different alkyl methyl carbonates using DMC. The protocol developed herein opens up new avenues to transform wide range of bio-alcohols into useful organic carbonates in the future.
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Ramesh S, Devred F, Debecker DP. NaAlO
2
‐Promoted Mesoporous Catalysts for Room temperature Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreerangappa Ramesh
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1, box L4.01.09, 1348 Louvain la- Neuve Belgium
| | - François Devred
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1, box L4.01.09, 1348 Louvain la- Neuve Belgium
| | - Damien P. Debecker
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1, box L4.01.09, 1348 Louvain la- Neuve Belgium
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Dobi Z, Reddy BN, Renders E, Van Raemdonck L, Mensch C, De Smet G, Chen C, Bheeter C, Sergeyev S, Herrebout WA, Maes BUW. Carbamate Synthesis Using a Shelf-Stable and Renewable C 1 Reactant. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3103-3114. [PMID: 30921504 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
4-Propylcatechol carbonate is a shelf-stable, renewable C1 reactant. It is easily prepared from renewable 4-propylcatechol (derived from wood) and dimethyl carbonate (derived from CO2 ) using a reactive distillation system. In this work, the 4-propylcatechol carbonate is used for the two-step synthesis of carbamates under mild reaction conditions. In the first step, 4-propylcatechol carbonate is treated with an alcohol at 50-80 °C in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as Zn(OAc)2 ⋅2 H2 O. With liquid alcohols, no solvent is used and with solid alcohols 2-methyltetrahydrofuran is used as solvent. In the second step, the alkyl 2-hydroxy-propylphenyl carbonate intermediates obtained react with amines at room temperature in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, forming the target carbamates and the byproduct 4-propylcatechol, which can be recycled into a carbonate reactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Dobi
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B Narendraprasad Reddy
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evelien Renders
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurent Van Raemdonck
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carl Mensch
- Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilles De Smet
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chen Chen
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charles Bheeter
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sergey Sergeyev
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter A Herrebout
- Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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