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Yang P, Wu Q, Liu H, Zhou S, Chen W, Zhong H, Zhang K, Zou F, Ying H. Simulation and mechanism for the Ultrasound-Assisted Oiling-Out Process: A case study using Fructose-1,6-diphosphate. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 108:106953. [PMID: 38879963 PMCID: PMC11228588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid separation, commonly referred to as oiling-out, frequently can occurs during crystallization, especially the anti-solvent crystallization process of phosphoryl compounds, and poses potential hurdle for high-quality product. Efficiently regulating oiling-out during crystallization remains a significant challenge. Among various techniques, ultrasound emerges as a green and effective approach to enhance the crystallization process. However, there is a dearth of in-depth research exploring the microscopic mechanisms of this process. Therefore, our research focused on the fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP), a typical phosphoryl compound, to gain a deeper understanding of how ultrasound influences the oiling-out process. The focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) technology was used to investigate the oiling-out phenomenon of FDPNa3 across various solvent ratios. In addition, the influence of ultrasound on the induction time was studied and the nucleation energy barrier was calculated. Finally, to further unravel the microscopic mechanisms, we utilized molecular simulation techniques to analyze the impact of ultrasound power on the dissolution-precipitation process. Our observations revealed a consistent oiling-out process that attainted a stable state regardless of the solvent employed. Notably, the results of the oiling-out induction time experiments indicated that ultrasound significantly reduced helped lower the nucleation energy barrier of FDP3- ions, thereby dismantling FDP3-clusters in solution. Thus, in turn, shortened the reduced induction time and promoted crystallization. Furthermore, ultrasound reduced the interactions between FDP3-ions and water molecules as well as FDP3- ions themselves. As simulated field intensity increased, these interaction forces gradually diminished, the thickness of the hydration layer surrounding the FDP3- clusters facilitating the disruption of clusters, ultimately enhancing the crystallization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haodong Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shuyang Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wensu Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huamei Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Biology+ Joint Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fengxia Zou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Amari S, Okude A, Kudo S, Takiyama H. Operation Strategy for Avoiding Oiling‐Out During the Anti‐Solvent Crystallization Based on Ternary Phase Diagram. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Amari
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Ai Okude
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Shoji Kudo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chiba Institute of Technology 2-17-1 Tsudanuma Narashino Chiba 275-0016 JAPAN
| | - Hiroshi Takiyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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Coliaie P, Prajapati A, Ali R, Boukerche M, Korde A, Kelkar MS, Nere NK, Singh MR. In-line measurement of liquid-liquid phase separation boundaries using a turbidity-sensor-integrated continuous-flow microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2299-2306. [PMID: 35451445 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), also known as oiling-out, is the appearance of the second liquid phase preceding the crystallization. LLPS is an undesirable phenomenon that can occur during the crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), proteins, and polymers. It is typically avoided during crystallization due to its detrimental impacts on crystalline products due to lowered crystallization rate, the inclusion of impurities, and alteration in particle morphology and size distribution. In situ monitoring of phase separation enables investigating LLPS and identifying the phase separation boundaries. Various process analytical technologies (PATs) have been implemented to determine the LLPS boundaries prior to crystallization to prevent oiling out of compounds. The LLPS measurements using PATs can be time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. Here, we have implemented a fully integrated continuous-flow microfluidic device with a turbidity sensor to quickly and accurately evaluate the LLPS boundaries for a β-alanine, water, and IPA mixture. The turbidity-sensor-integrated continuous-flow microfluidic device is also placed under an optical microscope to visually track and record the appearance and disappearance of oil droplets. Streams of an aqueous solution of β-alanine, pure solvent (water), and pure antisolvent (IPA or ethanol) are pumped into the continuous-flow microfluidic device at various flow rates to obtain the compositions at which the solution becomes turbid. The onset of turbidity is measured using a custom-designed, in-line turbidity sensor. The LLPS boundaries can be estimated using the turbidity-sensor-integrated microfluidic device in less than 30 min, which will significantly improve and enhance the workflow of the pharmaceutical drug (or crystalline material) development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Coliaie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 929 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Aditya Prajapati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 929 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Rabia Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 929 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Moussa Boukerche
- Center of Excellence for Isolation & Separation Technologies (CoExIST), Process R&D, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Akshay Korde
- Center of Excellence for Isolation & Separation Technologies (CoExIST), Process R&D, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Manish S Kelkar
- Center of Excellence for Isolation & Separation Technologies (CoExIST), Process R&D, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Nandkishor K Nere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 929 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
- Center of Excellence for Isolation & Separation Technologies (CoExIST), Process R&D, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Meenesh R Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 929 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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Recovery Techniques Enabling Circular Chemistry from Wastewater. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041389. [PMID: 35209179 PMCID: PMC8877087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era where it becomes less and less accepted to just send waste to landfills and release wastewater into the environment without treatment, numerous initiatives are pursued to facilitate chemical production from waste. This includes microbial conversions of waste in digesters, and with this type of approach, a variety of chemicals can be produced. Typical for digestion systems is that the products are present only in (very) dilute amounts. For such productions to be technically and economically interesting to pursue, it is of key importance that effective product recovery strategies are being developed. In this review, we focus on the recovery of biologically produced carboxylic acids, including volatile fatty acids (VFAs), medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs), long-chain dicarboxylic acids (LCDAs) being directly produced by microorganisms, and indirectly produced unsaturated short-chain acids (USCA), as well as polymers. Key recovery techniques for carboxylic acids in solution include liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, and membrane separations. The route toward USCA is discussed, including their production by thermal treatment of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) polymers and the downstream separations. Polymers included in this review are extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Strategies for fractionation of the different fractions of EPS are discussed, aiming at the valorization of both polysaccharides and proteins. It is concluded that several separation strategies have the potential to further develop the wastewater valorization chains.
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Zou F, Zhou L, Chen Q, Zhu J, Wang J, Tang Y, Wang M, Yang P, Li T. pH-Dependent-Oiling-out During the Polymorphism Transformation of Disodium Guanosine 5′-Monophosphate. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01451j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oiling-out occurs frequently in industrial crystallization, and strongly influences the morphology and quality of crystals. In this study, the influence of oiling-out with higher pH during the polymorph transformation of...
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Wang L, Yang H, Sun Z, Bao Y, Yin Q. Wet Milling, Seeding, and Ultrasound in the Optimization of the Oiling-Out Crystallization Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Zhuang Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
- Future Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallization (CMAC), Research Hub at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Ying Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, China
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Kendall T, Stratford S, Patterson AR, Lunt RA, Cruickshank D, Bonnaud T, Scott CD. An industrial perspective on co-crystals: Screening, identification and development of the less utilised solid form in drug discovery and development. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 60:345-442. [PMID: 34147205 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients are commonly marketed as a solid form due to ease of transport, storage and administration. In the design of a drug formulation, the selection of the solid form is incredibly important and is traditionally based on what polymorphs, hydrates or salts are available for that compound. Co-crystals, another potential solid form available, are currently not as readily considered as a viable solid form for the development process. Even though co-crystals are gaining an ever-increasing level of interest within the pharmaceutical community, their acceptance and application is still not as standard as other solid forms such as the ubiquitous pharmaceutical salt and stabilised amorphous formulations. Presented in this chapter is information that would allow for a co-crystal screen to be planned and conducted as well as scaled up using solution and mechanochemistry based methods commonly employed in both the literature and industry. Also presented are methods for identifying the formation of a co-crystal using a variety of analytical techniques as well as the importance of confirming the formation of co-crystals from a legal perspective and demonstrating the legal precedent by looking at co-crystalline products already on the market. The benefits of co-crystals have been well established, and presented in this chapter are a selection of examples which best exemplify their potential. The goal of this chapter is to increase the understanding of co-crystals and how they may be successfully exploited in early stage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kendall
- Technobis Crystallization Systems, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
| | - Sam Stratford
- Johnson Matthey, Pharmorphix, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth A Lunt
- Johnson Matthey, Pharmorphix, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Zhao X, Webb NJ, Muehlfeld MP, Stottlemyer AL, Russell MW. Application of a Semiautomated Crystallizer to Study Oiling-Out and Agglomeration Events—A Case Study in Industrial Crystallization Optimization. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhao
- Crop Protection Product & Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Nicola J. Webb
- Crop Protection Product & Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Mark P. Muehlfeld
- Crop Protection Product & Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Alan L. Stottlemyer
- Crop Protection Product & Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Matthew W. Russell
- Crop Protection Product & Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
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Tanaka K, Takiyama H. Effect of Solution Composition on Impurity Profile of the Crystallized Product in Oiling-Out Crystallization. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:326-331. [PMID: 32238650 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oiling-out is a unique phenomenon that the liquid phase is separated into two parts during crystallization. The emergence of new liquid phase changes the environment where crystals nucleate and grow, we call "mother phase," because target material and impurities become distributed to each phase according to their own particular distribution ratios. In our previous study on crystallization of an intermediate compound with impurities (denoted Imp-A, -B, and -C), we found that when oiling-out was formed, incorporation of Imp-C was inhibited, because Imp-C was distributed to the mother phase less than Imp-A and -B. In this study, we explored the effect of EtOH solution composition on impurity profile of the crystallized product in oiling-out crystallization, and found that the low content of Imp-B in the EtOH solution, the higher content of Imp-C in the crystallized product. Our finding revealed that not only oiling-out but also Imp-B played a key role in inhibiting the incorporation of Imp-C into the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Tanaka
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)
| | - Hiroshi Takiyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)
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