1
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Luis NR, Chung KK, Hickey MR, Lin Z, Beutner GL, Vosburg DA. Beyond Amide Bond Formation: TCFH as a Reagent for Esterification. Org Lett 2024; 26:2745-2750. [PMID: 37364890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this Communication, an investigation of the combination of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylchloroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (TCFH) and N-methylimidazole (NMI) for the synthesis of esters and thioesters is described. This work revealed the unique challenges of the reactions of less nucleophilic alcohols and more reactive thiols with the N-acyl imidazolium intermediate and led to the identification of general enabling conditions that provide high yields and selectivity for a range of alcohols and thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R Luis
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Kasey K Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Matthew R Hickey
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Gregory L Beutner
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - David A Vosburg
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, United States
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2
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Wu W, Zhao N, Liu Y, Du S, Wang X, Mo W, Yan X, Xu C, Zhou Y, Ji B. Iridium Catalysts with f-Amphbinol Ligands: Highly Stereoselective Hydrogenation of a Variety of Ketones. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38047622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel and modular ferrorence-based amino-phosphine-binol (f-amphbinol) ligands have been successfully synthesized. The f-amphbinol ligands exhibited extremely high air stability and catalytic efficiency in the Ir-catalyzed stereoselective hydrogenation of various ketones to afford corresponding stereodefined alcohols with excellent results (full conversions, cis/trans >99:1, and 83% → 99% ee, TON up to 500 000). Control experiments have shown that -OH and -NH groups played a key role in this stereoselective hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Niu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Shenshen Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Mo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Xianghe Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Baoming Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
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3
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Dahlseid T, Florea A, Schulte G, Cash K, Xu X, Tattersall P, Wang Q, Stoll D. Changes in the cis-trans isomer selectivity of a reversed-phase liquid chromatography column during use with acidic mobile phase conditions. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464371. [PMID: 37725873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is the analytical tool of choice for monitoring process-related organic impurities and degradants in pharmaceutical materials. Its popularity is due to its general ease-of-use, high performance, and reproducibility in most cases, all of which have improved as the technique has matured over the past few decades. Nevertheless, in our work we still occasionally observe situations where RPLC methods are not as robust as we would like them to be in practice due to variations in stationary phase chemistry between manufactured batches (i.e., lot-to-lot variability), and changes in stationary phase chemistry over time. Over the last three decades several models of RPLC selectivity have been developed and used to quantify and rationalize the effects of numerous parameters (e.g., effect of bonded phase density) on separation selectivity. The Hydrophobic Subtraction Model (HSM) of RPLC selectivity has been used extensively for these purposes; currently the publicly available database of column parameters contains data for 750 columns. In this work we explored the possibility that the HSM could be used to better understand the chemical basis of observed differences in stationary phase selectivity when they occur - for example, lot-to-lot variations or changes in selectivity during column use. We focused our attention on differences and changes in the observed selectivity for a pair of cis-trans isomers of a pharmaceutical intermediate. Although this is admittedly a challenging case, we find that the observed changes in selectivity are not strongly correlated with HSM column parameters, suggesting that there is a gap in the information provided by the HSM with respect to cis-trans isomer selectivity specifically. Further work with additional probe molecules showed that larger changes in cis-trans isomer selectivity were observed for pairs of molecules with greater molecular complexity, compared to the selectivity changes observed for simpler molecules. These results do not provide definitive answers to questions about the chemical basis of changes in stationary phase chemistry that lead to observed differences in cis-trans isomer selectivity. However, the results do provide important insights about the critical importance of molecular complexity when choosing probe compounds and indicate opportunities to develop improved selectivity models with increased sensitivity for cis-trans isomer selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Dahlseid
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800W College Ave, St Peter, MN 56082 USA
| | - Alexandru Florea
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800W College Ave, St Peter, MN 56082 USA
| | - Grace Schulte
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800W College Ave, St Peter, MN 56082 USA
| | - Kathryn Cash
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800W College Ave, St Peter, MN 56082 USA
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA
| | - Peter Tattersall
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA
| | - Dwight Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800W College Ave, St Peter, MN 56082 USA.
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4
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Chambers RK, Weaver JD, Kim J, Hoar JL, Krska SW, White MC. A preparative small-molecule mimic of liver CYP450 enzymes in the aliphatic C-H oxidation of carbocyclic N-heterocycles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300315120. [PMID: 37428920 PMCID: PMC10629554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300315120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging trend in small-molecule pharmaceuticals, generally composed of nitrogen heterocycles (N-heterocycles), is the incorporation of aliphatic fragments. Derivatization of the aliphatic fragments to improve drug properties or identify metabolites often requires lengthy de novo syntheses. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are capable of direct site- and chemo-selective oxidation of a broad range of substrates but are not preparative. A chemoinformatic analysis underscored limited structural diversity of N-heterocyclic substrates oxidized using chemical methods relative to pharmaceutical chemical space. Here, we describe a preparative chemical method for direct aliphatic oxidation that tolerates a wide range of nitrogen functionality (chemoselective) and matches the site of oxidation (site-selective) of liver CYP450 enzymes. Commercial small-molecule catalyst Mn(CF3-PDP) selectively effects direct methylene oxidation in compounds bearing 25 distinct heterocycles including 14 out of 27 of the most frequent N-heterocycles found in U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Mn(CF3-PDP) oxidations of carbocyclic bioisostere drug candidates (for example, HCV NS5B and COX-2 inhibitors including valdecoxib and celecoxib derivatives) and precursors of antipsychotic drugs blonanserin, buspirone, and tiospirone and the fungicide penconazole are demonstrated to match the major site of aliphatic metabolism obtained with liver microsomes. Oxidations are demonstrated at low Mn(CF3-PDP) loadings (2.5 to 5 mol%) on gram scales of substrate to furnish preparative amounts of oxidized products. A chemoinformatic analysis supports that Mn(CF3-PDP) significantly expands the pharmaceutical chemical space accessible to small-molecule C-H oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Jacob D. Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Jason L. Hoar
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ07065
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ07065
| | - M. Christina White
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL61801
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5
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Yan C, Li Y, Liu H, Chen D, Wu J. Antitumor mechanism of cannabidiol hidden behind cancer hallmarks. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188905. [PMID: 37164234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids have been utilized for recreational and therapeutic purposes for over 4,000 years. As the primary ingredient in exogenous cannabinoids, Cannabidiol (CBD) has drawn a lot of interest from researchers due to its negligible psychotropic side effects and potential tumor-suppressing properties. However, the obscure mechanisms that underlie them remain a mystery. Complex biological mechanisms are involved in the progression of cancer, and malignancies have a variety of acquired biological capabilities, including sustained proliferation, death evasion, neovascularization, tissue invasion and metastasis, immune escape, metabolic reprogramming, induction of tumor-associated inflammation, cancerous stemness and genomic instability. Nowadays, the role of CBD hidden in these hallmarks is gradually revealed. Nevertheless, flaws or inconsistencies in the recent studies addressing the anti-cancer effects of CBD still exist. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential mechanisms underlying the role of CBD in a range of tumor-acquired biological capabilities. We propose potential drugs that may have a synergistic effect with CBD and provide optional directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobiao Yan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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6
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Bollu L, Bommi PV, Monsen PJ, Zhai L, Lauing KL, Bell A, Kim M, Ladomersky E, Yang X, Platanias LC, Matei DE, Bonini MG, Munshi HG, Hashizume R, Wu JD, Zhang B, James CD, Chen P, Kocherginsky M, Horbinski C, Cameron MD, Grigorescu AA, Yamini B, Lukas RV, Schiltz GE, Wainwright DA. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Protein Degrader for Glioblastoma. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15642-15662. [PMID: 36410047 PMCID: PMC9743093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a potent immunosuppressive enzyme that inhibits the antitumor immune response through both tryptophan metabolism and non-enzymatic functions. To date, most IDO1-targeted approaches have focused on inhibiting tryptophan metabolism. However, this class of drugs has failed to improve the overall survival of patients with cancer. Here, we developed and characterized proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that degrade the IDO1 protein. IDO1-PROTACs were tested for their effects on IDO1 enzyme and non-enzyme activities. After screening a library of IDO1-PROTAC derivatives, a compound was identified that potently degraded the IDO1 protein through cereblon-mediated proteasomal degradation. The IDO1-PROTAC: (i) inhibited IDO1 enzyme activity and IDO1-mediated NF-κB phosphorylation in cultured human glioblastoma (GBM) cells, (ii) degraded the IDO1 protein within intracranial brain tumors in vivo, and (iii) mediated a survival benefit in mice with well-established brain tumors. This study identified and characterized a new IDO1 protein degrader with therapeutic potential for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi
R. Bollu
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Prashant V. Bommi
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Paige J. Monsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lijie Zhai
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Kristen L. Lauing
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - April Bell
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Miri Kim
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University
Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United
States
| | - Erik Ladomersky
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Xinyu Yang
- WuXi
AppTec, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Daniela E. Matei
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Marcelo G. Bonini
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Hidayatullah G. Munshi
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics − Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem
Cell Transplantation, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jennifer D. Wu
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Charles David James
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Masha Kocherginsky
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The
Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Arabela A. Grigorescu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern
University Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bakhtiar Yamini
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of the Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Gary E. Schiltz
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Derek A. Wainwright
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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7
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M. Baldwin O, Conrad-Marut LH, Beutner GL, Vosburg DA. Facile Amide Bond Formation with TCFH-NMI in an Organic Laboratory Course. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2022; 99:3747-3751. [PMID: 36398314 PMCID: PMC9661732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new undergraduate organic laboratory experiment has been developed for amide bond formation between biorenewable 2-furoic acid and either of two substituted piperazines to prepare medicinally relevant amide products using a procedure with industrial significance. The reactions proceeded smoothly under ambient conditions using the combination of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylchloroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (TCFH) and N-methylimidazole (NMI) in a minimal volume of acetonitrile with a direct crystallization upon addition of water. Students successfully collected their product by filtration and then characterized it by NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, DEPT-135, HSQC), IR, MS, and melting point. Students also explored the reaction mechanism and compared green chemistry aspects of their procedure with literature routes. A virtual version of the experiment was adapted for remote instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver
W. M. Baldwin
- Department
of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Linden H. Conrad-Marut
- Department
of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Gregory L. Beutner
- Chemical
and Synthetic Development, Bristol Myers
Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - David A. Vosburg
- Department
of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, United States
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8
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Burtea A, DeForest J, Baldwin N, Leverett C, Gallego GM. A convenient and versatile S NAr-decarboxylation protocol for the construction of C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7435-7438. [PMID: 35699115 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01551j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing saturation (Fsp3) remains a central strategy in the optimization of properties of molecules during drug discovery. Here, we describe a versatile and operationally simple one-pot procedure for accomplishing this goal via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution-decarboxylation sequence to construct C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds. The method is tolerant of a variety of biologically privileged moieties and has been demonstrated in a library format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Burtea
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Jacob DeForest
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Neil Baldwin
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Carolyn Leverett
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Gary M Gallego
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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9
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Magano J. Large-Scale Amidations in Process Chemistry: Practical Considerations for Reagent Selection and Reaction Execution. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Magano
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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10
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Davis AE, Lowe JM, Hilinski MK. Vinylazaarenes as dienophiles in Lewis acid-promoted Diels-Alder reactions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15947-15952. [PMID: 35024118 PMCID: PMC8672738 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Described are the first examples of Lewis acid-promoted Diels–Alder reactions of vinylpyridines and other vinylazaarenes with unactivated dienes. Cyclohexyl-appended azaarenes constitute a class of substructures of rising prominence in drug discovery. Despite this, thermal variants of the vinylazaarene Diels–Alder reaction are rare and have not been adopted for synthesis, and Lewis acid-promoted variants are virtually unexplored. The presented work addresses this gap and in the process furnishes increased scope, dramatically higher yields, improved regioselectivity, and high levels of diastereoselectivity compared to prior thermal examples. These reactions provide scalable access to druglike scaffolds not readily available through other methods. More broadly, these studies establish a useful new class of dienophiles that, based on preliminary mechanistic studies, should be amenable to conventional strategies for enantioselective catalysis. Vinyl-substituted azaarenes are rare and challenging substrates as dienophiles in Diels–Alder reactions; by employing Lewis acid activation, high yielding and highly selective cycloadditions with unactivated dienes are enabled.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904-4319 USA
| | - Jared M Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904-4319 USA
| | - Michael K Hilinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904-4319 USA
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11
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12
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Nimje RY, Kuppusamy P, Krishnamoorthy S, Shanmugam Y, Ramasamy D, Manoharan H, Arunachalam PN, Balog A, Cherney EC, Zhang L, Borzilleri RM, Hong Z, Kempson J, Rampulla RR, Mathur A, Gupta A. Development of a Stereoselective and Scalable Synthesis for the Potent Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitor, BMT-297376; N-(( R)-1-(( cis)-4-(3-(Difluoromethyl)-2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)cyclohexyl)propyl)-6-methoxynicotinamide. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Y. Nimje
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra−Jigani Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Prakasam Kuppusamy
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra−Jigani Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Suresh Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra−Jigani Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Yoganand Shanmugam
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra−Jigani Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Duraisamy Ramasamy
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra−Jigani Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Haridhas Manoharan
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra−Jigani Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Pirama Nayagam Arunachalam
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra−Jigani Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Aaron Balog
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Emily C. Cherney
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Liping Zhang
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Robert M. Borzilleri
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Zhenqiu Hong
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - James Kempson
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Richard R. Rampulla
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra−Jigani Road, Bangalore 560099, India
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Al Musaimi O, Wisdom R, Talbiersky P, De La Torre BG, Albericio F. Propylphosphonic Anhydride (T3P®) as Coupling Reagent for Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Othman Al Musaimi
- Peptide Science Laboratory School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4000 South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP) School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Richard Wisdom
- Euticals GmbH Industriepark Höchst D569 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Peter Talbiersky
- Euticals GmbH Industriepark Höchst D569 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Beatriz G. De La Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP) School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4000 South Africa
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) 08034 Barcelona Spain
- CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine and Department of Organic Chemistry University of Barcelona 08028 Barcelona Spain
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14
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Dolšak A, Bratkovič T, Mlinarič L, Ogorevc E, Švajger U, Gobec S, Sova M. Novel Selective IDO1 Inhibitors with Isoxazolo[5,4- d]pyrimidin-4(5 H)-one Scaffold. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030265. [PMID: 33804161 PMCID: PMC8001472 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a promising target in immunomodulation of several pathological conditions, especially cancers. Here we present the synthesis of a series of IDO1 inhibitors with the novel isoxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one scaffold. A focused library was prepared using a 6- or 7-step synthetic procedure to allow a systematic investigation of the structure-activity relationships of the described scaffold. Chemistry-driven modifications lead us to the discovery of our best-in-class inhibitors possessing p-trifluoromethyl (23), p-cyclohexyl (32), or p-methoxycarbonyl (20, 39) substituted aniline moieties with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. In addition to hIDO1, compounds were tested for their inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 and tryptophan dioxygenase, and found to be selective for hIDO1. Our results thus demonstrate a successful study on IDO1-selective isoxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one inhibitors, defining promising chemical probes with a novel scaffold for further development of potent small-molecule immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dolšak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.D.); (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.O.); (U.Š.); (S.G.)
| | - Tomaž Bratkovič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.D.); (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.O.); (U.Š.); (S.G.)
| | - Larisa Mlinarič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.D.); (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.O.); (U.Š.); (S.G.)
| | - Eva Ogorevc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.D.); (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.O.); (U.Š.); (S.G.)
| | - Urban Švajger
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.D.); (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.O.); (U.Š.); (S.G.)
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.D.); (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.O.); (U.Š.); (S.G.)
| | - Matej Sova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.D.); (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.O.); (U.Š.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-476-9577
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15
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Balog A, Lin TA, Maley D, Gullo-Brown J, Kandoussi EH, Zeng J, Hunt JT. Preclinical Characterization of Linrodostat Mesylate, a Novel, Potent, and Selective Oral Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:467-476. [PMID: 33298590 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumors can exploit the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) pathway to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Activated IDO1 metabolizes tryptophan into immunosuppressive kynurenine, leading to suppressed effector T-cell (Teff) proliferation, allowing for tumor escape from host immune surveillance. IDO1 inhibition counteracts this immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and may improve cancer outcomes, particularly when combined with other immunotherapies. Linrodostat mesylate (linrodostat) is a potent, selective oral IDO1 inhibitor that occupies the heme cofactor-binding site to prevent further IDO1 activation and is currently in multiple clinical trials for treatment of patients with advanced cancers. Here, we assess the in vitro potency, in vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) activity, and preclinical pharmacokinetics (PKs) of linrodostat. Linrodostat exhibited potent cellular activity, suppressing kynurenine production in HEK293 cells overexpressing human IDO1 and HeLa cells stimulated with IFNγ, with no activity against tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase or murine indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 detected. Linrodostat restored T-cell proliferation in a mixed-lymphocyte reaction of T cells and allogeneic IDO1-expressing dendritic cells. In vivo, linrodostat reduced kynurenine levels in human tumor xenograft models, exhibiting significant PD activity. Linrodostat demonstrated a PK/PD relationship in the xenograft model, preclinical species, and samples from patients with advanced cancers, with high oral bioavailability in preclinical species and low to moderate systemic clearance. Our data demonstrate that linrodostat potently and specifically inhibits IDO1 to block an immunosuppressive mechanism that could be responsible for tumor escape from host immune surveillance with favorable PK/PD characteristics that support clinical development.
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16
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Dolšak A, Gobec S, Sova M. Indoleamine and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases as important future therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107746. [PMID: 33212094 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine is the first and rate-limiting step of the tryptophan metabolic pathway (i.e., the kynurenine pathway). This conversion is catalyzed by three enzyme isoforms: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). As this pathway generates numerous metabolites that are involved in various pathological conditions, IDOs and TDO represent important targets for therapeutic intervention. This pathway has especially drawn attention due to its importance in tumor resistance. Over the last decade, a large number of IDO and TDO inhibitors have been developed, many of which have entered clinical trials. Here, detailed structural comparisons of these three enzymes (with emphasis on their active sites), their involvement in cellular signaling, and their role(s) in pathological conditions are discussed. Furthermore, the most important recent inhibitors described in papers and patents and involved in clinical trials are reviewed, with a focus on both selective and multiple inhibitors. A short overview of the biochemical and cellular assays used for inhibitory potency evaluation is also presented. This review summarizes recent advances on IDO and TDO as potential drug targets, and provides the key features and perspectives for further research and development of potent inhibitors of the kynurenine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dolšak
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Sova
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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17
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Sun L. Advances in the discovery and development of selective heme-displacing IDO1 inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1223-1232. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1781811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Maity P, Gujjar M, Vellingiri R, Lakshminarasimhan T, DelMonte AJ, Young IS, Eastgate MD, Vaidyanathan R. Cerium(III) Chloride-Mediated Stereoselective Reduction of a 4-Substituted Cyclohexanone Using NaBH 4. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prantik Maity
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Manjunath Gujjar
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Raghukumar Vellingiri
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Thirumalai Lakshminarasimhan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Albert J. DelMonte
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Global Product Development and Supply, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Ian S. Young
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Global Product Development and Supply, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Global Product Development and Supply, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Rajappa Vaidyanathan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
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