1
|
Murugappan S, Kuthe PV, Chandra Sekhar KVG, Sankaranarayanan M. Recent developments in thiochromene chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39026505 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Thiochromenes are versatile sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds that have received considerable interest in drug discovery because of their ability to act as crucial building blocks for synthesizing bioactive compounds. In particular, these scaffolds have found utility in the design of anticancer, anti-HIV, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents, among others. Despite their pharmacological potential, the synthesis of these scaffolds is less explored in contrast to their oxygen-containing counterparts. This review classifies the synthetic processes into Michael addition, cycloaddition, ring-opening, coupling, cyclization and Diels-Alder reactions, and others. Reaction mechanisms, circumstances, and important instances are thoroughly discussed in each area. For instance, chiral catalysts and substrates like mercaptobenzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde are used in Michael addition processes to achieve excellent enantioselectivity. In cycloaddition reactions, readily available substrates such as thioisatins and alkynes achieve regioselectivity and product production. Thiochromenes are also synthesized by ring-opening reactions with epoxides or aziridines. These reactions demonstrate the importance of catalysts and solvents in reaction control, particularly palladium catalysts for aryl halides and thiol coupling processes. Another major class discussed is cyclization reactions with alkynyl thiols and alkynes under regulated temperature and pressure conditions to efficiently synthesize thiochromenes. With the use of chiral substrates and catalysts, Diels-Alder processes increase yields and selectivity and enhance the variety of thiochromene compounds. This review emphasizes the versatility of thiochromenes in drug discovery and consolidates the existing literature on thiochromenes, scrutinizing the gaps and opportunities for synthesizing novel thiochromene-containing lead molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solai Murugappan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Pranali Vijaykumar Kuthe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Kondapalli Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad-500078, Telangana, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fujioka H, Yasui M, Hamada S, Fukumi K, Takeda N, Kobayashi Y, Furuta T, Ueda M. Palladium-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage of N-cyclopropyl acylhydrazones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3262-3267. [PMID: 38568183 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite their utility as directing groups, the C-C bond cleavage of cyclopropanes utilizing hydrazones has not been explored. Herein, Pd-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage reaction of N-cyclopropyl acylhydrazones, followed by cycloisomerization to yield pyrazoles, has been developed. The protocol enables the synthesis of various α-pyrazole carbonyl compounds, which have a potential of biological activity. Control experiments and DFT calculations suggest that β-carbon elimination of a stable 6-membered chelate palladium complex occurs, generating a conjugated azine as a reaction intermediate for the following cycloisomerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujioka
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Shohei Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Kohei Fukumi
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Takumi Furuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng Q, Huang X, Liu M, Yu Z, Xiao Y. Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated 4 H-Pyran and 4 H-Thiopyran via Divergent Reaction of β-CF 3-1,3-Enynes with β-Ketothioamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:8186-8191. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zeng
- The Public Experiment Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Mingqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zongxiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjing Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saint-Jacques K, Ladd CL, Charette AB. Access to hexahydroazepinone heterocycles via palladium-catalysed C(sp 3)-H alkenylation/ring-opening of cyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7550-7553. [PMID: 35707937 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01917e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we describe the synthesis of novel hexahydroazepinone derivatives starting from two simple building blocks in presence of a readily available palladium catalyst. The reaction proceeds through a selective C(sp3)-H alkenylation/ring-opening process to obtain the seven-membered ring products in good to excellent yields on a wide variety of substrates under batch, microwave, and continuous flow conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Saint-Jacques
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Centre for Continuous Flow Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, av. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada.
| | - Carolyn L Ladd
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Centre for Continuous Flow Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, av. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada.
| | - André B Charette
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Centre for Continuous Flow Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, av. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An Y, Zhang F, Du G, Cai Z, He L. Construction of 6 H-benzo[ c]thiochromenes via a tandem reaction of arynes with thionoesters. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01177d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A mild and transition-metal free method has been proposed for the synthesis of 6H-benzo[c]thiochromenes via the tandem reactions of arynes with thionoesters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi An
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfen Du
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Cai
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|