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McNicholas BJ, Nie C, Jose A, Oyala PH, Takase MK, Henling LM, Barth AT, Amaolo A, Hadt RG, Solomon EI, Winkler JR, Gray HB, Despagnet-Ayoub E. Boronated Cyanometallates. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2959-2981. [PMID: 36534001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen boronated cyanometallates [M(CN-BR3)6]3/4/5- [M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Os; BR3 = BPh3, B(2,4,6,-F3C6H2)3, B(C6F5)3] and one metalloboratonitrile [Cr(NC-BPh3)6]3- have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopy [UV-vis-near-IR, NMR, IR, spectroelectrochemistry, and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD)]; CASSCF+NEVPT2 methods were employed in calculations of electronic structures. For (t2g)5 electronic configurations, the lowest-energy ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) absorptions and MCD C-terms in the spectra of boronated species have been assigned to transitions from cyanide π + B-C borane σ orbitals. CASSCF+NEVPT2 calculations including t1u and t2u orbitals reproduced t1u/t2u → t2g excitation energies. Many [M(CN-BR3)6]3/4- complexes exhibited highly electrochemically reversible redox couples. Notably, the reduction formal potentials of all five [M(CN-B(C6F5)3)6]3- anions scale with the LMCT energies, and Mn(I) and Cr(II) compounds, [K(18-crown-6)]5[Mn(CN-B(C6F5)3)6] and [K(18-crown-6)]4[Cr(CN-B(C6F5)3)6], are surprisingly stable. Continuous-wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR; hyperfine sublevel correlation) spectra were collected for all Cr(III) complexes; as expected, 14N hyperfine splittings are greater for (Ph4As)3[Cr(NC-BPh3)6] than for (Ph4As)3[Cr(CN-BPh3)6].
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon J McNicholas
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Cherish Nie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Anex Jose
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Michael K Takase
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Larry M Henling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Alexandra T Barth
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Alessio Amaolo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Jay R Winkler
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Harry B Gray
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Despagnet-Ayoub
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, California90041, United States
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2
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Schmid L, Chábera P, Rüter I, Prescimone A, Meyer F, Yartsev A, Persson P, Wenger OS. Borylation in the Second Coordination Sphere of Fe II Cyanido Complexes and Its Impact on Their Electronic Structures and Excited-State Dynamics. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15853-15863. [PMID: 36167335 PMCID: PMC9554916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
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Second coordination sphere interactions
of cyanido complexes with hydrogen-bonding solvents and Lewis acids
are known to influence their electronic structures, whereby the non-labile
attachment of B(C6F5)3 resulted in
several particularly interesting new compounds lately. Here, we investigate
the effects of borylation on the properties of two FeII cyanido complexes in a systematic manner by comparing five different
compounds and using a range of experimental techniques. Electrochemical
measurements indicate that borylation entails a stabilization of the
FeII-based t2g-like orbitals by up to 1.65 eV,
and this finding was confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. This
change in the electronic structure has a profound impact on the UV–vis
absorption properties of the borylated complexes compared to the non-borylated
ones, shifting their metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption
bands over a wide range. Ultrafast UV–vis transient absorption
spectroscopy provides insight into how borylation affects the excited-state
dynamics. The lowest metal-centered (MC) excited states become shorter-lived
in the borylated complexes compared to their cyanido analogues by
a factor of ∼10, possibly due to changes in outer-sphere reorganization
energies associated with their decay to the electronic ground state
as a result of B(C6F5)3 attachment
at the cyanido N lone pair. Borylation
in the second coordination sphere of two well-known
FeII cyanido complexes leads to isocyanoborato complexes.
The effects of borylation on their electronic structure and photophysical
properties are thoroughly investigated with a range of experimental
techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucius Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Rüter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Synthesis, crystal structure and theoretical calculation of di-n-butyltin (IV) carboxylate based on m-nitrobenzaldehyde oxime acetic acid. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Gul Z, Khan S, Ullah S, Ullah H, Khan MU, Ullah M, Altaf AA. Recent Development in Coordination Compounds as a Sensor for Cyanide Ions in Biological and Environmental Segments. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:508-528. [PMID: 35671238 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2085027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of toxic ions has taken great attention in the last few decades due to its importance in maintaining a greener environment for human beings. The extreme toxicity of cyanide (CN-) ions is a great environmental concern as its continued industrial use generates interest in facile and sensitive methods for CN- ions detection. Since CN- ions act as a ligand in coordination chemistry which rapidly coordinates with suitable metals and forms complexes, this ability was mainly explored in its detection. It also attacks the central metal in coordination compounds and gives a fluorimetric response. Coordination compounds behave as a sensor for the detection of important ions like CN- ions and have gained great attention due to their facile synthesis, multianalyte detection, clear detection and low detection limit. Recently, considerable efforts have been devoted to the detection and quantification of hazardous multianalyte using a single probe. Cu2+ complexes are the main complexes used for CN- ions detection; however, the complexes of many other metals are also used as sensors. Four basic types of interaction have been discussed in coordination compound sensors for CN- detection. The performances of different sensors are compared with one another and the sensors which have the lowest detection limit are highlighted. This review comprises the progress made by coordination compounds as sensors for the detection of CN- ions in the last six years (2015-2021). To the best of our knowledge, there is no review on coordination compounds as a sensor for CN- ions during this period. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarif Gul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sikandar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Shaheed Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Ullah Khan
- Center for Nano-Science, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Munzer Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ataf Ali Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
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5
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Chen X, Wang H, Wang J, Zhao L, Li C, Liu C. Synthesis, structures, spectroscopies and properties studies of two organotin (IV) carboxylates with 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Schmid L, Glaser F, Schaer R, Wenger OS. High Triplet Energy Iridium(III) Isocyanoborato Complex for Photochemical Upconversion, Photoredox and Energy Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:963-976. [PMID: 34985882 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes are often chosen as catalysts for challenging photoredox and triplet-triplet-energy-transfer (TTET) catalyzed reactions, and they are of interest for upconversion into the ultraviolet spectral range. However, the triplet energies of commonly employed Ir(III) photosensitizers are typically limited to values around 2.5-2.75 eV. Here, we report on a new Ir(III) luminophore, with an unusually high triplet energy near 3.0 eV owing to the modification of a previously reported Ir(III) complex with isocyanoborato ligands. Compared to a nonborylated cyanido precursor complex, the introduction of B(C6F5)3 units in the second coordination sphere results in substantially improved photophysical properties, in particular a high luminescence quantum yield (0.87) and a long excited-state lifetime (13.0 μs), in addition to the high triplet energy. These favorable properties (including good long-term photostability) facilitate exceptionally challenging organic triplet photoreactions and (sensitized) triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion to a fluorescent singlet excited state beyond 4 eV, unusually deep in the ultraviolet region. The new Ir(III) complex photocatalyzes a sigmatropic shift and [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions that are unattainable with common transition metal-based photosensitizers. In the presence of a sacrificial electron donor, it furthermore is applicable to demanding photoreductions, including dehalogenations, detosylations, and the degradation of a lignin model substrate. Our study demonstrates how rational ligand design of transition-metal complexes (including underexplored second coordination sphere effects) can be used to enhance their photophysical properties and thereby broaden their application potential in solar energy conversion and synthetic photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucius Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Schaer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Xu S, Yang D, Zhao J, Wang B, Qu J. Formation of thiolate-bridged diiron complexes featuring anionic isocyanide originating from the activation of counterions in the outer sphere. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:18027-18035. [PMID: 34825913 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal isocyanide complexes have attracted increasing attention owing to their versatile applications in catalytic organic transformations. Compared with metal complexes with neutral isocyanide ligands, those featuring anionic isocyanide groups are relatively rare and poorly understood. So far, there has been no report on structurally characterized metal anionic isocyanopentafluorophosphate complexes that may have potential for the development of some unique polymerization reactions. In this paper, we adopt a dicationic thiolate-bridged diiron complex as the reaction platform for the coordination activation and functionalization of cyanide. When treating with KCN, a facile salt metathesis with hexafluorophosphate anions occurred to generate monocyanide or dicyanide species. However, using trimethylsilyl cyanide as the substrate, an unsymmetrical diiron complex bearing a terminal [CNSiMe3] ligand and an anionic [NCPF5]- group derived from the activation of one non-coordinating anion PF6- was obtained in a high yield. Interestingly, due to the lability of the N-Si bond in the [CNSiMe3] ligand, it can play the role of an active site for the interaction with counter anions in the outer sphere. On one hand, this labile ligand can facilitate the activation of the P-F bond in PF6- and the C-B bond in BPh4- to afford structurally characterized thiolate-bridged diiron anionic isocyanopentafluorophosphate and isocyanotriphenylborate complexes, respectively. On the other hand, it can also interact with Lut·HCl to convert into a cyanide ligand stabilized by a hydrogen bonding interaction. This work represents a new synthetic pathway to furnish metal anionic isocyanide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunlin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China.
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8
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Priyatharsini M, Mishra I, Shankar B, Srinivasan N, Krishnakumar RV, Sathiyendiran M. fac-Re(CO)3 core-based complex featuring benzimidazole as pendant motif from hydroxyquinoline and pyridylbenzimidazole. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Schmid L, Kerzig C, Prescimone A, Wenger OS. Photostable Ruthenium(II) Isocyanoborato Luminophores and Their Use in Energy Transfer and Photoredox Catalysis. JACS AU 2021; 1:819-832. [PMID: 34467335 PMCID: PMC8395604 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes are among the most popular sensitizers in photocatalysis, but they face some severe limitations concerning accessible excited-state energies and photostability that could hamper future applications. In this study, the borylation of heteroleptic ruthenium(II) cyanide complexes with α-diimine ancillary ligands is identified as a useful concept to elevate the energies of photoactive metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) states and to obtain unusually photorobust compounds suitable for thermodynamically challenging energy transfer catalysis as well as oxidative and reductive photoredox catalysis. B(C6F5)3 groups attached to the CN - ligands stabilize the metal-based t2g-like orbitals by ∼0.8 eV, leading to high 3MLCT energies (up to 2.50 eV) that are more typical for cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes. Through variation of their α-diimine ligands, nonradiative excited-state relaxation pathways involving higher-lying metal-centered states can be controlled, and their luminescence quantum yields and MLCT lifetimes can be optimized. These combined properties make the respective isocyanoborato complexes amenable to photochemical reactions for which common ruthenium(II)-based sensitizers are unsuited, due to a lack of sufficient triplet energy or excited-state redox power. Specifically, this includes photoisomerization reactions, sensitization of nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings, pinacol couplings, and oxidative decarboxylative C-C couplings. Our work is relevant in the greater context of tailoring photoactive coordination compounds to current challenges in synthetic photochemistry and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucius Schmid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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10
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The first use of tri(1-naphthyl)phosphine oxide as ligand for rhenium(I)- complexes from phosphine via a one-pot approach. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Mathivanan M, Tharmalingam B, Devaraj T, Murugan A, Lin CH, Jothi M, Murugesapandian B. A new 7-diethylamino- 4-hydroxycoumarin based reversible colorimetric/fluorometric probe for sequential detection of Al 3+/PPi and its potential use in biodetection and bioimaging applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05718e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new 7-diethylamino-4-hydroxycoumarin appended acylhydrazone probe was prepared and utilized for the sequential detection of Al3+/PPi in a reversible off–on–off emissive manner. The various practical applications of the probe were established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abinayaselvi Murugan
- Department of Human Genetics
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
- Bengaluru
- India
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Mathivanan Jothi
- Department of Human Genetics
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
- Bengaluru
- India
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