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Xu J, Wang T, Deng S, Lai W, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Huang F, Wei P. Visible Light-Responsive Crystalline B←N Host Adducts with Solvent-Induced Allosteric Effect for Guest Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202411880. [PMID: 39122652 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Photo-responsive organic crystals, capable of converting light energy into chemical energy to initiate conformational transitions, present an emerging strategy for developing lightweight and versatile smart materials. However, visible light-triggered tailored guests capture and release behaviors in all-organic solids are rarely reported. Here, we introduce a photoreactive crystalline boron-nitrogen (B←N) host adduct with the ability to undergo [2+2] photocycloaddition upon 447 nm light exposure. This process facilitates single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) photodimerization in the mother liquor, maintaining the original B←N host structure. Weakened intermolecular interactions within the photodimer host contribute to fast guest release in air under irradiation. Furthermore, the dynamic B←N bonds enable reversible transformations between organic host adducts and adduct cocrystals under the solvent-induced allosteric effect. As a result, four B←N host adduct crystals containing individual alkane guest are easily obtained and exhibited the ability of photo-controlled alkane release. Therefore, the integration of photo reactivity and structural transformation within B←N host adduct enables customized capture and release of guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Xu
- Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230039, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230039, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengyong Deng
- Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230039, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yadong Shi
- Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230039, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyu Zhao
- Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230039, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 311215, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peifa Wei
- Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230039, Hefei, Anhui, China
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2
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Bhandary S, Beliš M, Shukla R, Bourda L, Kaczmarek AM, Van Hecke K. Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Photosynthesis of Supramolecular Organoboron Polymers with Dynamic Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8659-8667. [PMID: 38407928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The solid-state synthesis of single-crystalline organic polymers, having functional properties, remains an attractive and developing research area in polymer chemistry and materials science. However, light-triggered topochemical synthesis of crystalline polymers comprising an organoboron backbone has not yet been reported. Here, we describe an intriguing example of single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) rapid photosynthesis (occurs on a seconds-scale) of two structurally different linear organoboron polymers, driven by environmentally sustainable visible/sun light, obtained from the same monomer molecule. A newly designed Lewis acid-base type molecular B ← N organoboron adduct (consisting of an organoboron core and naphthylvinylpyridine ligands) crystallizes in two solid-state forms featuring the same chemical structure but different 3D structural topologies, namely, monomers 1 and 2. The solvate molecule-free crystals of 1 undergo topochemical photopolymerization via an unusual olefin-naphthyl ring [2 + 2] cyclization to yield the single crystalline [3]-ladderane polymer 1P growing along the B ← N linkages, accompanied by instantaneous and violent macroscopic mechanical motions or photosalient effects (such as bending-reshaping and jumping motions). In contrast, visible light-harvesting single crystals of 2 quantitatively polymerize to a B ← N bond-stabilized polymer 2P in a SCSC fashion owing to the rapid [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction among olefin double bonds. Such olefin bonds in the crystals of 2 are suitably preorganized for photoreaction due to the presence of solvate molecules in the crystal packing. Single crystals of 2 also show photodynamic jumping motions - in response to visible light but in a relatively slower fashion than the crystals of 1. In addition to SCSC topochemical polymerization and dynamic motions, both monomer crystals and their single-crystalline polymers feature green emissive and short-lived room-temperature phosphorescence properties upon excitation with visible-light wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Marek Beliš
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Chemistry (NCI Lab), GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Laurens Bourda
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Anna M Kaczmarek
- NanoSensing Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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3
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Abstract
Organoboron acids are stable, organic-soluble Lewis acids with potential application as catalysts for a wide variety of chemical reactions. In this review, we summarize the utility of boronic and borinic acids, as well as boric acid, as catalysts for organic transformations. Typically, the catalytic processes exploit the Lewis acidity of trivalent boron, enabling the reversible formation of a covalent bond with oxygen. Our focus is on recent developments in the catalysis of dehydration, carbonyl condensation, acylation, alkylation, and cycloaddition reactions. We conclude that organoboron acids have a highly favorable prospectus as the source of new catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Graham
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ronald T Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Borchers T, Topić F, Arhangelskis M, Vainauskas J, Titi HM, Bushuyev OS, Barrett CJ, Friščić T. Three-in-One: Dye-Volatile Cocrystals Exhibiting Intensity-Dependent Photochromic, Photomechanical, and Photocarving Response. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145. [PMID: 37924293 PMCID: PMC10655124 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystallization of a cis-azobenzene dye with volatile molecules, such as pyrazine and dioxane, leads to materials that exhibit at least three different light-intensity-dependent responses upon irradiation with low-power visible light. The halogen-bond-driven assembly of the dye cis-(p-iodoperfluorophenyl)azobenzene with volatile halogen bond acceptors produces cocrystals whose light-induced behavior varies significantly depending on the intensity of the light applied. Low-intensity (<1 mW·cm-2) light irradiation leads to a color change associated with low levels of cis → trans isomerization. Irradiation at higher intensities (150 mW·mm-2) produces photomechanical bending, caused by more extensive isomerization of the dye. At still higher irradiation intensities (2.25 W·mm-2) the cocrystals undergo cold photocarving; i.e., they can be cut and written on with micrometer precision using laser light without a major thermal effect. Real-time Raman spectroscopy shows that this novel photochemical behavior differs from what would be expected from thermal energy input alone. Overall, this work introduces a rational blueprint, based on supramolecular chemistry in the solid state, for new types of crystalline light-responsive materials, which not only respond to being exposed to light but also change their response based on the light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan
H. Borchers
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Topić
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Jogirdas Vainauskas
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | | | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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5
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Mitchell TB, Zhang X, Jerozal RT, Chen YS, Wang S, Benedict JB. Development of a scalar-based geometric parameterization approach for the crystal structure landscape of dithienylethene-based crystalline solids. IUCRJ 2023; 10:694-699. [PMID: 37750828 PMCID: PMC10619447 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523008060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Dithienylethenes (DTEs) are a promising class of organic photoswitches that can be used to create crystalline solids with properties controlled by light. However, the ability of DTEs to adopt multiple conformations, only one of which is photoactive, complicates the rational design of these materials. Herein, the synthesis and structural characterization of 19 crystalline solids containing a single DTE molecule are described. A novel D-D analysis of the molecular geometries obtained from rotational potential energy surface calculations and the ensemble of experimental structures were used to construct a crystal landscape for DTE. Of the 19 crystal structures, 17 contained photoinactive DTE rotamers and only 2 were photoactive. These results highlight the challenges associated with the design of these materials. Overall, the D-D analysis described herein provides rapid, effective and intuitive means of linking the molecular structure to photoactivity that could be applied more broadly to afford a general strategy for producing photoactive diarylethene-based crystalline solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA
| | - Ronald T. Jerozal
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF’s ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Chicago, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - SuYin Wang
- NSF’s ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Chicago, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jason B. Benedict
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA
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6
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Ahsan MR, Singh L, Varma H, Mukherjee A. Exploiting benzilic acid as a modular template: controlling photoreactivity and solid to liquid transition during photodimerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12711-12714. [PMID: 37811973 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04257j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A well-known molecule, benzilic acid, is used as a [2+2] photodimerization template by using third-generation crystal engineering principles. This template utilizes orthogonality and non-covalent interactions in an optimized way and is shown to be effective in tuning the photoreactivity of styryl pyridine derivatives. The photo-induced crystal-to-liquid transformation was observed during photodimerization. This phenomenon is explained based on slip plane and energy framework analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollah Rohan Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Science and Technology (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
| | - Lavanya Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Science and Technology (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
| | - Harshit Varma
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Science and Technology (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
| | - Arijit Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Science and Technology (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
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7
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Cocrystals for photochemical solid-state reactions: An account on crystal engineering perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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8
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Bhandary S, Beliš M, Kaczmarek AM, Van Hecke K. Photomechanical Motions in Organoboron-Based Phosphorescent Molecular Crystals Driven by a Crystal-State [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22051-22058. [PMID: 36417296 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photoluminescent molecular crystals integrated with the ability to transform light energy into macroscopic mechanical motions are a promising choice of materials for both actuating and photonic devices. However, such dynamic photomechanical effects, based on molecular organoboron compounds as well as phosphorescent crystalline materials, are not yet known. Here we present an intriguing example of photomechanical molecular single crystals of a newly synthesized organoboron containing Lewis acid-base molecular adduct (BN1, substituted triphenylboroxine and 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene) having a capsule shape molecular geometry. The single crystals of BN1 under UV light exhibit controllable rapid bending-shape recovery, delamination, violent splitting-jumping, and expanding features. The detailed structural investigation by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals that the photosalient behavior of the BN1 single crystals is driven by a crystal-to-crystal [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, supported by four donor-acceptor type B←N bonds. The instant photomechanical reaction in the BN1 crystals occurs under UV on account of sudden release of stress associated with the strained molecular geometry, significant solid-state molecular movements (supramolecular change), and cleavage of half intermolecular B←N linkages to result in a complete photodimerized single-crystalline product via the existence of two other intermediate photoproducts. In addition, the BN1 crystals display short-lived room temperature phosphorescence, and the photodynamic events are accompanied by the enhancement of their phosphorescence intensity to yield the photoproduct. Interestingly, the molecular crystals of the final photoproduct polymerize at ambient conditions when recrystallized from the solution forming a 2D supramolecular crystalline polymer stabilized by the retention of all B←N coordination modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marek Beliš
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna M Kaczmarek
- NanoSensing Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Pandolfi L, Giunchi A, Salzillo T, Brillante A, Della Valle RG, Venuti E, Grepioni F, D'Agostino S. The impact of solid solution composition on kinetics and mechanism of [2 + 2] photodimerization of cinnamic acid derivatives. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01718c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the solid solution composition on the kinetics of solid-state [2 + 2] photocycloadditions was evaluated via a combination of single crystal XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and principal component analysis (PCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pandolfi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”
- Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Andrea Giunchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”
- Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Tommaso Salzillo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”
- Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
- Department of Materials and Interfaces
| | - Aldo Brillante
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”
- Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Venuti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”
- Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Fabrizia Grepioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Simone D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
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10
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MacGillivray LR, Campillo-Alvarado G. Opportunities Using Boron to Direct Reactivity in the Organic Solid State. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis Account describes work by our research group that highlights opportunities to utilize organoboron molecules to direct chemical reactivity in the organic solid state. Specifically, we convey a previously unexplored use of hydrogen bonding of boronic acids and boron coordination in boronic esters to achieve [2+2]-photocycloadditions in crystalline solids. Organoboron molecules act as templates or ‘shepherds’ to organize alkenes in a suitable geometry to undergo regio- and stereoselective [2+2]-photocycloadditions in quantitative yields. We also provide a selection of publications that served as an inspiration for our strategies and offer challenges and opportunities for future developments of boron in the field of materials and solid-state chemistry.1 Introduction1.1 Template Strategy for [2+2]-Photocycloadditions in the Solid State2 Boronic Acids as Templates for [2+2]-Photocycloadditions in the Solid State2.1 Supramolecular Catalysis of [2+2]-Photocycloadditions in the Solid State Using Boronic Acids3 Boronic Esters as Templates for [2+2]-Photocycloadditions in the Solid State3.1 Application of Photoproducts: Separation of Thiophene from Benzene through Crystallization3.2 Crystal Reactivity of B←N-Bonded Adducts: The Case of Styrylthiophenes4 Conclusions and Perspectives
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