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Oschwald J, Reger D, Frühwald S, Warmbrunn V, Görling A, Jux N, Drewello T. Experimental and Theoretical Structure Elucidation of the [2 : 1] Complex Ion of Carbo[n]helicene with n=6, 7 and 8 and Ag . Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300496. [PMID: 37578805 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase complexes of [n]helicenes with n=6, 7 and 8 and the silver(I) cation are generated utilizing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Besides the well-established [1 : 1] helicene/Ag+ -complex in which the helicene provides a tweezer-like surrounding for the Ag+ , there is also a [2 : 1] complex formed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations in conjunction with energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation (ER-CID) experiments reveal that the second helicene attaches via π-π stacking to the first helicene, which is part of the pre-formed [1 : 1] tweezer complex with Ag+ . For polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of planar structure, the [2 : 1] complex with silver(I) is typically structured as an Ag+ -bound dimer in which the Ag+ would bind to both PAHs as the central metal ion (PAH-Ag+ -PAH). For helicenes, the Ag+ -bound dimer is of similar thermochemical stability as the π-π stacked dimer, however, it is kinetically inaccessible. Coronene (Cor) is investigated in comparison to the helicenes as an essentially planar PAH. In analogy to the π-π stacked dimer of the helicenes, the Cor-Ag+ -Cor-Cor complex is also observed. Competition experiments using [n]helicene mixtures reveal that the tweezer complexes of Ag+ are preferably formed with the larger helicenes, with n=6 being entirely ignored as the host for Ag+ in the presence of n=7 or 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Oschwald
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Reger
- Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Current affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Frühwald
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Warmbrunn
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Schmitt MJP, Kruppa SV, Walg SP, Thiel WR, Klopper W, Riehn C. Electronic spectroscopy of homo- and heterometallic binuclear coinage metal phosphine complexes in isolation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:20880-20891. [PMID: 37525899 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03058j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Binuclear coinage metal phosphine complexes are examined under ion trap isolation in order to elucidate their noncovalent binding, structural properties and intrinsic electronic spectra. Our survey shows an intriguing order of electronic transitions obtained by in situ synthesis and mass-spectrometrically supported UV photodissociation spectroscopy on a series of six isolated homo- and heterobinuclear complexes of type [MM'(dcpm)2]2+ (M, M' = CuI, AgI, AuI; dcpm = bis(dicyclohexyl-phosphino)methane). This approach provides the unique opportunity to study all possible coinage metal interactions within a fixed ligand framework. A successive blue-shift (33 700-38 500 cm-1; 297-260 nm) of the lowest-energy bright electronic transition energy in gas phase was observed in the order of Cu2 < CuAu < CuAg < Au2 < AgAu < Ag2. This order was reproduced by quantum chemical calculations using a scalar-relativistic GW-Bethe-Salpeter-equation (GW-BSE) approach. Theory ascribes the electronic bands of all complexes to metal-centered 1MC(dσ*-pσ) transitions revealing a strengthening of metal-metal' (M-M') binding upon excitation, in agreement to mass spetrometric results. A test of the correlation of transition energies with M-M' distance by quantum chemical calculations of single point energies as a function of intermetallic distance indicates qualitative agreement with experimental results. However, the experimentally observed high sensitivity of spectroscopic shifts towards metal composition cannot be accounted for solely by M-M' distance variation. The differences in electronic transitions are qualitatively rationalized by the varying (n + 1)s (n = 3, 4, 5) orbital contributions (increase from Cu2via CuAu/CuAg to Au2/AgAu/Ag2) within the nd(n + 1)s/p-hybridization for the ground electronic state of the different complexes, whereas the excited state (of (n + 1)p orbital character) shows significantly less variation in energy. In particular, the observed spectroscopic and mass spectrometric sequence for the Ag/Au complexes is traced back to the interplay of Pauli repulsion and variation in metal-ligand bond strength within the orbital hybridization model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel J P Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 53, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Sebastian V Kruppa
- Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 53, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Simon P Walg
- Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 53, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Werner R Thiel
- Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 53, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christoph Riehn
- Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 53, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
- Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Domoto Y, Fujita M. Self-assembly of nanostructures with high complexity based on metal⋯unsaturated-bond coordination. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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4
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Corinti D, Maccelli A, Chiavarino B, Schütz M, Bouchet A, Dopfer O, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S. Cation-π Interactions between a Noble Metal and a Polyfunctional Aromatic Ligand: Ag + (benzylamine). Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200300. [PMID: 35412692 PMCID: PMC9325466 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of an isolated Ag+ (benzylamine) complex is investigated by infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy complemented with quantum chemical calculations of candidate geometries and their vibrational spectra, aiming to ascertain the role of competing cation-N and cation-π interactions potentially offered by the polyfunctional ligand. The IRMPD spectrum has been recorded in the 800-1800 cm-1 fingerprint range using the IR free electron laser beamline coupled with an FT-ICR mass spectrometer at the Centre Laser Infrarouge d'Orsay (CLIO). The resulting IRMPD pattern points toward a chelate coordination (N-Ag+ -π) involving both the amino nitrogen atom and the aromatic π-system of the phenyl ring. The gas-phase reactivity of Ag+ (benzylamine) with a neutral molecular ligand (L) possessing either an amino/aza functionality or an aryl group confirms N- and π-binding affinity and suggests an augmented silver coordination in the product adduct ion Ag + ( benzylamine ) ( L ) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corinti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maccelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Markus Schütz
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,present address: Eagleyard Photonics GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aude Bouchet
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,present address: Université Lille LASIRE Lab Adv Spect Interact React & Environm Cite Sci, CNRS, UMR 8516, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
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Mao X, Zhang J, Lu Z, Xie Z. A (μ-hydrido)diborane(4) anion and its coordination chemistry with coinage metals. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3009-3013. [PMID: 35382458 PMCID: PMC8905795 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00318j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A tetra(o-tolyl) (μ-hydrido)diborane(4) anion 1, an analogue of [B2H5]- species, was facilely prepared through the reaction of tetra(o-tolyl)diborane(4) with sodium hydride. Unlike common sp2-sp3 diborane species, 1 exhibited a σ-B-B bond nucleophilicity towards NHC-coordinated transition-metal (Cu, Ag, and Au) halides, resulting in the formation of η2-B-B bonded complexes 2 as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analyses. Compared with 1, the structural data of 2 imply significant elongations of B-B bonds, following the order Au > Cu > Ag. DFT studies show that the diboron ligand interacts with the coinage metal through a three-center-two-electron B-M-B bonding mode. The fact that the B-B bond of the gold complex is much prolonged than the related Cu and Ag compounds might be ascribed to the superior electrophilicity of the gold atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Zhenpin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
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Mehara J, Watson BT, Noonikara-Poyil A, Zacharias AO, Roithová J, Rasika Dias HV. Binding Interactions in Copper, Silver and Gold π-Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103984. [PMID: 35076112 PMCID: PMC9305286 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The copper(I), silver(I), and gold(I) metals bind π‐ligands by σ‐bonding and π‐back bonding interactions. These interactions were investigated using bidentate ancillary ligands with electron donating and withdrawing substituents. The π‐ligands span from ethylene to larger terminal and internal alkenes and alkynes. Results of X‐ray crystallography, NMR, and IR spectroscopy and gas phase experiments show that the binding energies increase in the order Ag<Cu<Au and the binding energies are slightly higher for alkynes than for alkenes. Modulation of the electron density at the metal using substituents on the ancillary ligands shows that the π‐back bonding interaction plays a dominant role for the binding in the copper and gold complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Mehara
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Brandon T Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA
| | - Anurag Noonikara-Poyil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA
| | - Adway O Zacharias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA
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7
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Breton GW. Competition between the stabilizing effects of saturated alkyl substituents and pi bonds on complexes of silver ion (Ag
+
) with alkenes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary W. Breton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Berry College Mount Berry Georgia USA
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