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Isbrandt ES, Chapple DE, Tu NTP, Dimakos V, Beardall AMM, Boyle PD, Rowley CN, Blacquiere JM, Newman SG. Controlling Reactivity and Selectivity in the Mizoroki-Heck Reaction: High Throughput Evaluation of 1,5-Diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5650-5660. [PMID: 38359357 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We report a high throughput evaluation of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction of diverse olefin coupling partners. Comparison of different ligands revealed the 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane (P2N2) scaffold to be more broadly applicable than common "gold standard" ligands, demonstrating that this family of readily accessible diphosphines has unrecognized potential in organic synthesis. In particular, two structurally related P2N2 ligands were identified to enable the regiodivergent arylation of styrenes. By simply altering the phosphorus substituent from a phenyl to tert-butyl group, both the linear and branched Mizoroki-Heck products can be obtained in high regioisomeric ratios. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies were performed to further probe the origin of selectivity, which suggests that both ligands coordinate to the metal in a similar manner but that rigid positioning of the phosphorus substituent forces contact with the incoming olefin in a π-π interaction (for P-Ph ligands) or with steric clash (for P-tBu ligands), dictating the regiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Isbrandt
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Devon E Chapple
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Nguyen Thien Phuc Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Victoria Dimakos
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anne Marie M Beardall
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Paul D Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Christopher N Rowley
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Johanna M Blacquiere
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Metal-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions between Alkynoic Acids and Dinucleophiles: A Review. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cascade reactions provide a straightforward access to many valuable compounds and reduce considerably the number of steps of a synthetic sequence. Among the domino and multicomponent processes that involve alkynes, the cascade reaction between alkynoic acids and C-, N-, O- and S-aminonucleophiles stands out as a particularly powerful tool for the one-pot construction of libraries of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with scaffold diversity and molecular complexity. This reaction, based on an initial metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization that generates an alkylidene lactone intermediate, was originally catalyzed by gold(I) catalysts, along with silver salts or Brönsted acid additives, but other alternative metal catalysts have emerged in the last decade as well as different reaction media. This review examines the existing literature on the topic of metal-catalyzed cascade reactions of acetylenic acids and dinucleophiles and discusses aspects concerning substrate/catalyst ratio for every catalyst system, nature of the aminonucleophile involved and substrate scope. In addition, alternative solvents are also considered, and an insight into the pathway of the reaction and possible intermediates is also provided.
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Álvarez-Constantino A, Álvarez-Pérez A, Varela JA, Sciortino G, Ujaque G, Saá C. Chemoselective Ru-Catalyzed Oxidative Lactamization vs Hydroamination of Alkynylamines: Insights from Experimental and Density Functional Theory Studies. J Org Chem 2022; 88:1185-1193. [PMID: 36579612 PMCID: PMC9872091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Ru-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative amidation (lactamization) of aromatic alkynylamines with 4-picoline N-oxide as an external oxidant has been developed. This chemoselective process is very efficient to achieve medium-sized ε- and ζ-lactams (seven- and eight-membered rings) but not for the formation of common δ-lactams (six-membered rings). DFT studies unveiled the capital role of the chain length between the amine and the alkyne functionalities: the longer the connector, the more favored the lactamization process vs hydroamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés
M. Álvarez-Constantino
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Álvarez-Pérez
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús A. Varela
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Departament
de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain,
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament
de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain,
| | - Carlos Saá
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain,
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Smith MB. The Backbone of Success of P,N-Hybrid Ligands: Some Recent Developments. Molecules 2022; 27:6293. [PMID: 36234830 PMCID: PMC9614609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus ligands are an invaluable family of compounds that continue to underpin important roles in disciplines such as coordination chemistry and catalysis. Their success can routinely be traced back to facile tuneability thus enabling a high degree of control over, for example, electronic and steric properties. Diphosphines, phosphorus compounds bearing two separated PIII donor atoms, are also highly valued and impart their own unique features, for example excellent chelating properties upon metal complexation. In many classical ligands of this type, the backbone connectivity has been based on all carbon spacers only but there is growing interest in embedding other donor atoms such as additional nitrogen (-NH-, -NR-) sites. This review will collate some important examples of ligands in this field, illustrate their role as ligands in coordination chemistry and highlight some of their reactivities and applications. It will be shown that incorporation of a nitrogen-based group can impart unusual reactivities and important catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK
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