1
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Sesolis H, Gontard G, Rager MN, Bandini E, Moncada AS, Barbieri A, Amouri H. Rational Design of Mono- and Bi-Nuclear Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes Containing Di-Pyridylamine Motifs: Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescent Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186003. [PMID: 36144738 PMCID: PMC9503406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (1–3) containing di-pyridylamine motifs were prepared in a stepwise fashion. The presence of the di-pyridylamine ligands tunes their electronic and optical properties, generating blue phosphorescent emitters at room temperature. Herein we describe the synthesis of the mononuclear iridium complexes [Ir(ppy)2(DPA)][OTf] (1), (ppy = phenylpyridine; DPA = Dipyridylamine) and [Ir(ppy)2(DPA-PhI)][OTf] (2), (DPA-PhI = Dipyridylamino-phenyliodide). Moreover, the dinuclear iridium complex [Ir(ppy)2(L)Ir(ppy)2][OTf]2 (3) containing a rigid angular ligand “L = 3,5-bis[4-(2,2′-dipyridylamino)phenylacetylenyl]toluene” and displaying two di-pyridylamino groups was also prepared. For comparison purposes, the related dinuclear rhodium complex [Rh (ppy)2(L)Rh(ppy)2][OTf]2 (4) was also synthesized. The x-ray molecular structure of complex 2 was reported and confirmed the formation of the target molecule. The rhodium complex 4 was found to be emissive only at low temperature; in contrast, all iridium complexes 1–3 were found to be phosphorescent in solution at 77 K and room temperature, displaying blue emissions in the range of 478–481 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Sesolis
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Université-Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, CEDEX 05, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Université-Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, CEDEX 05, 75252 Paris, France
| | | | - Elisa Bandini
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alejandra Saavedra Moncada
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbieri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (H.A.)
| | - Hani Amouri
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Université-Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, CEDEX 05, 75252 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (H.A.)
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2
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Adamovich V, Benítez M, Boudreault PL, Buil ML, Esteruelas MA, Oñate E, Tsai JY. Alkynyl Ligands as Building Blocks for the Preparation of Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Emitters: Alternative Synthetic Precursors and Procedures. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9019-9033. [PMID: 35438993 PMCID: PMC9490848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Alkynyl ligands stabilize
dimers [Ir(μ-X)(3b)2]2 with a cis disposition
of the heterocycles of the 3b
ligands, in contrast to chloride. Thus, the complexes of this class—cis-[Ir(μ2-η2-C≡CPh){κ2-C,N-(C6H4-Isoqui)}2]2 (Isoqui = isoquinoline)
and cis-[Ir(μ2-η2-C≡CR){κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2]2 (R =
Ph, tBu)—have been prepared in
high yields, starting from the dihydroxo-bridged dimers trans-[Ir(μ-OH){κ2-C,N-(C6H4-Isoqui)}2]2 and trans-[Ir(μ-OH){κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2]2 and terminal alkynes. Subsequently, the acetylide ligands
have been employed as building blocks to prepare the orange and green
iridium(III) phosphorescent emitters, Ir{κ2-C,N-[C(CH2Ph)Npy]}{κ2-C,N-(C6H4-Isoqui)}2 and Ir{κ2-C,N-[C(CH2R)Npy]}{κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2 (R = Ph, tBu), respectively,
with an octahedral structure of fac carbon and nitrogen
atoms. The green emitter Ir{κ2-C,N-[C(CH2tBu)Npy]}{κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2 reaches 100% of quantum
yield in both the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film and 2-MeTHF
at room temperature. In organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices,
it demonstrates very saturated green emission at a peak wavelength
of 500 nm, with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 12% or
luminous efficacy of 30.7 cd/A. Acetylide
ligands have been employed as building blocks
to prepare orange and green iridium(III) phosphorescent emitters,
with an octahedral structure of fac carbon and nitrogen
atoms. In OLED devices, the emitter Ir{κ2-C,N-[C(CH2tBu)Npy]}{κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2 demonstrates
very saturated green emission at a peak wavelength of 500 nm, with
a luminous efficacy of 30.7 cd/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Adamovich
- Universal Display Corporation, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
| | - María Benítez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza─CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - María L Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza─CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza─CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza─CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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3
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Hüttenschmidt M, Lange H, Cordero MAA, Villinger A, Lochbrunner S, Seidel WW. Development and application of redox-active cyclometallating ligands based on W(II) alkyne complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:852-856. [PMID: 35006216 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of dinuclear complexes with the ultimate smallest ditopic ligands based on side-on complexes of methyl substituted alkynes is presented. In fact, the coordination of Ru(II) and Ir(III) by a W alkyne complex based cyclometallating metalla-ligand causes close intermetallic electronic cooperation, which substantially changes the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the single isolated moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helge Lange
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | | | | | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram W Seidel
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany. .,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
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4
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Bezzubov S, Ermolov K, Gorbunov A, Kalle P, Lentin I, Latyshev G, Kovalev V, Vatsouro I. Inherently dinuclear iridium(III) meso architectures accessed by cyclometalation of calix[4]arene-based bis(aryltriazoles). Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16765-16769. [PMID: 34761791 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03579g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cyclometalation of calix[4]arene bis(aryltriazoles) with iridium(III) chloride hydrate leads to unique meso architectures in which the Ir2Cl2 core is cross-bound by two (C^N)2 ligands, which allows further replacement of the chloride bridges with ancillary ligands while maintaining the dinuclear structures of the complexes having independent or coupled iridium pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Bezzubov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Kirill Ermolov
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Gorbunov
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Paulina Kalle
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan Lentin
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Gennadij Latyshev
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Kovalev
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan Vatsouro
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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5
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Buil ML, Esteruelas MA, López AM. Recent Advances in Synthesis of Molecular Heteroleptic Osmium and Iridium Phosphorescent Emitters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María L. Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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6
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Constable EC, Hartshorn RM, Housecroft CE. 1,1'-Biisoquinolines-Neglected Ligands in the Heterocyclic Diimine Family That Provoke Stereochemical Reflections. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061584. [PMID: 33805632 PMCID: PMC7998815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1,1′-Biisoquinolines are a class of bidentate nitrogen donor ligands in the heterocyclic diimine family. This review briefly discusses their properties and the key synthetic pathways available and then concentrates upon their coordination behaviour. The ligands are of interest as they exhibit the phenomenon of atropisomerism (hindered rotation about the C1–C1′ bond). A notation for depicting the stereochemistry in coordination compounds containing multiple stereogenic centers is developed. The consequences of the chirality within the ligand on the coordination behaviour is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin C. Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-207-1001
| | - Richard M. Hartshorn
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, CT1 1PL Christchurch, New Zealand;
| | - Catherine E. Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland;
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7
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Xue T, Vicic DA. Routes to Acetonitrile-Supported Trifluoromethyl and Perfluorometallacyclopentane Complexes of Cobalt. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - David A. Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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8
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Lee S, Han WS. Cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes towards blue-emissive dopant for organic light-emitting diodes: fundamentals of photophysics and designing strategies. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental photophysics of cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes and surveys design strategies for efficient blue phosphorescent Ir(iii) complexes are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul Women's University
- Seoul 01797
- Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sik Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul Women's University
- Seoul 01797
- Republic of Korea
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9
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Li G, Zhu D, Wang X, Su Z, Bryce MR. Dinuclear metal complexes: multifunctional properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:765-838. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear metal complexes have enabled breakthroughs in OLEDs, photocatalytic water splitting and CO2reduction, DSPEC, chemosensors, biosensors, PDT and smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
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10
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Proximity effects on the phosphorescent properties of dinuclear salicylaldiminato cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes linked with polymethylene spacers. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-019-00368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Kinzhalov MA, Parfenova SN, Novikov AS, Katlenok EA, Puzyk MV, Avdontceva MS, Bokach NA. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Featuring Disubstituted Cyanamides. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Kinzhalov
- Saint Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Suzanna N. Parfenova
- Saint Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy A. Katlenok
- Scientific-research laboratory of Ltd “THP”, Moscow highway 13, Saint Petersburg 196158 Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V. Puzyk
- Herzen State Pedagogical University, Nab. reki Moiki 48 Saint Petersburg 191186 Russian Federation
| | - Margarita S. Avdontceva
- Saint Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Saint Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
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12
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Haque A, Al-Balushi RA, Al-Busaidi IJ, Khan MS, Raithby PR. Rise of Conjugated Poly-ynes and Poly(Metalla-ynes): From Design Through Synthesis to Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8474-8597. [PMID: 30112905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) constitute an important class of new materials with potential application in various domains of science. The key factors responsible for the diverse usage of these materials is their intriguing and tunable chemical and photophysical properties. This review highlights fascinating advances made in the field of conjugated organic poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) incorporating group 4-11 metals. This includes several important aspects of conjugated poly-ynes viz. synthetic protocols, bonding, electronic structure, nature of luminescence, structure-property relationships, diverse applications, and concluding remarks. Furthermore, we delineated the future directions and challenges in this particular area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rayya A Al-Balushi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Idris Juma Al-Busaidi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
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13
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Li G, Congrave DG, Zhu D, Su Z, Bryce MR. Recent advances in luminescent dinuclear iridium(III) complexes and their application in organic electroluminescent devices. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Pritchard VE, Rota Martir D, Zysman-Colman E, Hardie MJ. Multimetallic and Mixed Environment Iridium(III) Complexes: A Modular Approach to Luminescence Tuning Using a Host Platform. Chemistry 2017; 23:8839-8849. [PMID: 28345798 PMCID: PMC5499719 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear and trinuclear bis‐cyclometallated IrIII complexes of the host ligands tris(4‐[4′‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl]methyl)cyclotriguaiacylene (L1) and tris(4‐(4′‐methyl‐2,2′‐ bipyridyl)carboxy)cyclotriguaiacylene (L2) have been prepared. Complexes [{Ir(ppy)2}3(L1)](PF6)3 (1.1), [{Ir(ppy)2}(L1)](PF6)3 (1.2), [{Ir(ppy)2}3(L2)](PF6)3 (2.1) and [{Ir(ppy)2}(L2)](PF6)3 (2.2) (where ppy=phenylpyridinato) showed distinct photophysical properties depending on the L ligand. Complexes featuring the L1 ligand were comparatively blue‐shifted in solution, with longer lifetimes and higher quantum yields. The mixed bis‐cyclometallated IrIII complexes [{Ir(ppy)2}{Ir(dFppy)2}2(L1)](PF6)3 (1.3), [{Ir(ppy)2}{Ir(dFppy)2}2(L2)](PF6)3 (2.3), [{Ir(ppy)2}2{Ir(dFppy)2}(L1)](PF6)3 (1.4) and [{Ir(ppy)2}2{Ir(dFppy)2}(L2)](PF6)3 (2.4) (where dFppy=2,4‐difluorophenylpyrinato) were also synthesised. Steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy, along with electrochemical investigations, show that the Ir(III) chromophores within these mixed Ir‐environment species behave as isolated centres, with no energy transfer or electronic communication between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Rota Martir
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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15
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Congrave DG, Hsu YT, Batsanov AS, Beeby A, Bryce MR. Synthesis, Diastereomer Separation, and Optoelectronic and Structural Properties of Dinuclear Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Bridging Diarylhydrazide Ligands. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Congrave
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South
Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Yu-ting Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South
Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Andrei S. Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South
Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Andrew Beeby
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South
Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South
Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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16
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Zhou Y, Xie K, Leng R, Kong L, Liu C, Zhang Q, Wang X. Highly efficient electrochemiluminescence labels comprising iridium(iii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:355-363. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient iridium ECL labels exhibiting various emission colors have been developed. Importantly, BSA labeled with the novel iridium labels displays much more intense ECL than the same amount labeled by a traditional ruthenium label in ProCell buffer solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Kai Xie
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Ruimei Leng
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Lingyan Kong
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Chengbao Liu
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
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17
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Yang X, Feng Z, Zhao J, Dang JS, Liu B, Zhang K, Zhou G. Pyrimidine-Based Mononuclear and Dinuclear Iridium(III) Complexes for High Performance Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33874-33887. [PMID: 27960415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Containing two nitrogen atoms, the electron-deficient pyrimidine ring has excellent coordinating capability with transition metal ions. However, compared with the widely used pyridine ring, applications of the pyrimidine ring in phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes are rare. In this research, two highly emissive pyrimidine-based mononuclear Ir(III) complexes and their corresponding dinuclear Ir(III) complexes were prepared with a simple one-pot reaction. The incorporation of the second Ir(III) center can lead to dramatic differences of both photophysical and electrochemical properties between the mono- and dinuclear complexes. Besides, these properties can also be fine-tuned with different substituents. Theoretical calculations have also been performed to understand their photophysical behaviors. The electroluminescent investigations demonstrate that the pyrimidine-based mono- and dinuclear Ir(III) complexes could show impressive device performance. The vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on the mononuclear Ir(III) complex exhibited an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.1% with almost no efficiency roll-off even at 10 000 cd m-2. More encouragingly, the solution-processed OLED based on the dinuclear Ir(III) complex achieved the outstanding EQE, current efficiency (CE), and power efficiency (PE) of 17.9%, 52.5 cd A-1, and 51.2 lm W-1, respectively, representing the highest efficiencies ever achieved by OLEDs based on dinuclear Ir(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Shuang Dang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Boao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaini Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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18
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Daniels RE, Culham S, Hunter M, Durrant MC, Probert MR, Clegg W, Williams JAG, Kozhevnikov VN. When two are better than one: bright phosphorescence from non-stereogenic dinuclear iridium(III) complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6949-62. [PMID: 26983757 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00881j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of eight dinuclear iridium(iii) complexes has been prepared, featuring 4,6-diarylpyrimidines L(y) as bis-N^C-coordinating bridging ligands. The metal ions are also coordinated by a terminal N^C^N-cyclometallating ligand L(X) based on 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene, and by a monodentate chloride or cyanide. The general formula of the compounds is {IrL(X)Z}2L(y) (Z = Cl or CN). The family comprises examples with three different L(X) ligands and five different diarylpyrimidines L(y), of which four are diphenylpyrimidines and one is a dithienylpyrimidine. The requisite proligands have been synthesised via standard cross-coupling methodology. The synthesis of the complexes involves a two-step procedure, in which L(X)H is reacted with IrCl3·3H2O to form dinuclear complexes of the form [IrL(X)Cl(μ-Cl)]2, followed by treatment with the diarylpyrimidine L(y)H2. Crucially, each complex is formed as a single compound only: the strong trans influence of the metallated rings dictates the relative disposition of the ligands, whilst the use of symmetrically substituted tridentate ligands eliminates the possibility of Λ and Δ enantiomers that are obtained when bis-bidentate units are linked through bridging ligands. The crystal structure of one member of the family has been obtained using a synchrotron X-ray source. All of the complexes are very brightly luminescent, with emission maxima in solution varying over the range 517-572 nm, according to the identity of the ligands. The highest-energy emitter is the cyanide derivative whilst the lowest is the complex with the dithienylpyrimidine. The trends in both the absorption and emission energies as a function of ligand substituent have been rationalised accurately with the aid of TD-DFT calculations. The lowest-excited singlet and triplet levels correlate with the trend in the HOMO-LUMO gap. All the complexes have quantum yields that are close to unity and phosphorescence lifetimes - of the order of 500 ns - that are unusually short for complexes of such brightness. These impressive properties stem from an unusually high rate of radiative decay, possibly due to spin-orbit coupling pathways being facilitated by the second metal ion, and to low non-radiative decay rates that may be related to the rigidity of the dinuclear scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Daniels
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Stacey Culham
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Michael Hunter
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Marcus C Durrant
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Michael R Probert
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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19
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Niazi M, Shahsavari HR. Cycloplatinated(II) complex bearing 2-vinylpyridine and monodentate phosphine ligands: Optical properties and kinetic study. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Yang X, Xu X, Dang JS, Zhou G, Ho CL, Wong WY. From Mononuclear to Dinuclear Iridium(III) Complex: Effective Tuning of the Optoelectronic Characteristics for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:1720-7. [PMID: 26814683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorescent dinuclear iridium(III) complexes that can show high luminescent efficiencies and good electroluminescent abilities are very rare. In this paper, highly phosphorescent 2-phenylpyrimidine-based dinuclear iridium(III) complexes have been synthesized and fully characterized. Significant differences of the photophysical and electrochemical properties between the mono- and dinuclear complexes are observed. The theoretical calculation results show that the dinuclear complexes adopt a unique molecular orbital spatial distribution pattern, which plays the key role of determining their photophysical and electrochemical properties. More importantly, the solution-processed organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on the new dinuclear iridium(III) complex achieves a peak external quantum efficiency (η(ext)) of 14.4%, which is the highest η(ext) for OLEDs using dinuclear iridium(III) complexes as emitters. Besides, the efficiencies of the OLED based on the dinuclear iridium(III) complex are much higher that those of the OLED based on the corresponding mononuclear iridium(III) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xianbin Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jing-shuang Dang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Cheuk-Lam Ho
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park , Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park , Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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21
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Song MX, Li Y, Xu D, Deng RP, Bai FQ, Qin ZK. New exploration towards dinuclear iridium(ii) complexes materials under chlorine-bridged precursor. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10577g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important precursor for synthesizing Iridium complex, two similar chlorine-bridged dinuclear complexes, which are bright, were studied by experiment and theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Song
- College of Information Technology
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping 136000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Duo Xu
- College of Information Technology
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping 136000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Zheng-Kun Qin
- College of Information Technology
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping 136000
- People's Republic of China
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22
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Fernández-Cestau J, Giménez N, Lalinde E, Montaño P, Moreno MT, Sánchez S, Weber MD, Costa RD. Alkynyl bridged cyclometalated Ir2M2 clusters: impact of the heterometal in the photo- and electro-luminescence properties. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3251-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The distinct photo- and electro-luminescence properties of clusters [Ir2M2(ppy)4(μ-CCC6H4-OMe3)4] (M = Ag, Cu) provide an example of the role of the CCR groups in modulating metallophillic bonding in the T1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Fernández-Cestau
- Departamento de Química – Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química. Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química – Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química. Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química – Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química. Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - Patricia Montaño
- Departamento de Química – Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química. Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química – Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química. Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Michael D. Weber
- Department of Physical and Chemistry I
- Excellence Cluster of Engineering of Advanced Materials (EAM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- Department of Physical and Chemistry I
- Excellence Cluster of Engineering of Advanced Materials (EAM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Erlangen
- Germany
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