1
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Mo BR, Wu JY, Yang JD, Cheng JP. Metal-Carbon Bond Heterolysis Energy Scale for Model Palladium Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39327997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c03225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Thermodynamic studies of transition-metal intermediates are crucial for understanding of metal-catalyzed transformations. Herein, a series of arylpalladium cyanomethanides were synthesized and characterized. Their palladium-carbon bond heterolysis energies (ΔGhet(Pd-C)) were determined in DMSO for the first time by equilibrium methods. ΔGhet(Pd-C) values of 7.9-19.1 kcal/mol, located between the ΔGhet(Pd-O) and ΔGhet(Pd-N) scales previously established, are much smaller than the corresponding ΔGhet(C-H)s of phenylacetonitrile (30.0 kcal/mol). Linear free energy relationship (LEFR) analysis reveals insights into the structure-property relationship and the factor dictating the thermodynamics of metalation. These ΔGhet(Pd-X)s in combination with ΔGhet(X-H)s are successfully used to diagnose the reaction feasibility and selectivity of X-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Rui Mo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun-Yan Wu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Dong Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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2
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Guo L, Li P, Jing Z, Gong Y, Lai K, Fu H, Dong H, Yang Z, Liu Z. Iminoamido chelated iridium(III) and ruthenium(II) anticancer complexes with mitochondria-targeting ability and potential to overcome cisplatin resistance. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 258:112631. [PMID: 38843774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
A diverse set of neutral half-sandwich iminoamido iridium and ruthenium organometallic complexes is synthesized through the utilization of Schiff base pro-ligands with N˄N donors. Notably, these metal complexes with varying leaving groups (Cl- or OAc-) are formed by employing different quantities of the deprotonating agent NaOAc, and exhibit promising cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines such as A549 and cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP lung cancer cells, as well as HeLa cells, with IC50 values spanning from 9.26 to 15.98 μM. Cytotoxicity and anticancer selectivity (SI: 1.9-2.4) of these metal complexes remain unaffected by variations in the metal center, leaving group, and ligand substitution. Further investigations reveal that these metal complexes specifically target mitochondria, leading to the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and instigating the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the metal complexes are found to induce late apoptosis and disrupt the cell cycle, leading to G2/M cell cycle arrest specifically in A549 cancer cells. In light of these findings, it is evident that the primary mechanism contributing to the anticancer effectiveness of these metal complexes is the redox pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China.
| | - Pengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Zhihong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Yuwen Gong
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Kangning Lai
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Hanxiu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Heqian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China.
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3
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Fogos WF, Lessa MD, de Carvalho da Silva F, de Carneiro JWM. Mechanistic insights into C(sp 2)-H activation in 1-Phenyl-4-vinyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives: a theoretical study with palladium acetate catalyst. J Mol Model 2024; 30:183. [PMID: 38782773 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The activation of C-H bonds is a fundamental process in synthetic organic chemistry, which enables their replacement by highly reactive functional groups. Coordination compounds serve as effective catalysts for this purpose, as they facilitate chemical transformations by interacting with C-H bonds. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of activation of this type of bond lays the foundation for the development of efficient protocols for cross-coupling reactions. We explored the activation of C(sp2)-H bonds in 1-Phenyl-4-vinyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives with CH3, OCH3, and NO2 substituents in the para position of the phenyl ring, using palladium acetate as catalyst. The studied reaction is the first step for subsequent conjugation of the triazoles with naphthoquinones in a Heck-type reaction to create a C-C bond. The basic nitrogen atoms of the 1,2,3-triazole coordinate preferentially with the cationic palladium center to form an activated species. A concerted proton transfer from the terminal vinyl carbon to one of the acetate ligands with low activation energy is the main step for the C(sp2)-H activation. This study offers significant mechanistic insights for enhancing the effectiveness of C(sp2)-H activation protocols in organic synthesis. METHODS All calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 software package and density functional theory (DFT). The structures of all reaction path components were fully optimized using the CAM-B3LYP functional with the Def2-SVP basis set. The optimized geometries were analyzed by computing the second-order Hessian matrix to confirm that the corresponding minimum or transition state was located. To account for solvent effects, the Polarizable Continuum Model of the Integral Equation Formalism (IEFPCM) with water as the solvent was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner F Fogos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Milena D Lessa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Carvalho da Silva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro de São João Batista-, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
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4
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Gómez S, Gómez S, Rojas-Valencia N, Hernández JG, Ardila-Fierro KJ, Gómez T, Cárdenas C, Hadad C, Cappelli C, Restrepo A. Interactions and reactivity in crystalline intermediates of mechanochemical cyclorhodation reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2228-2241. [PMID: 38165158 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04201d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
There is experimental evidence that solid mixtures of the rhodium dimer [Cp*RhCl2]2 and benzo[h] quinoline (BHQ) produce two different polymorphic molecular cocrystals called 4α and 4β under ball milling conditions. The addition of NaOAc to the mixture leads to the formation of the rhodacycle [Cp*Rh-(BHQ)Cl], where the central Rh atom retains its tetracoordinate character. Isolate 4β reacts with NaOAc leading to the same rhodacycle while isolate 4α does not under the same conditions. We show that the puzzling difference in reactivity between the two cocrystals can be traced back to fundamental aspects of the intermolecular interactions between the BHQ and [Cp*RhCl2]2 fragments in the crystalline environment. To support this view, we report a number of descriptors of the nature and strength of chemical bonds and intermolecular interactions in the extended solids and in a cluster model. We calculate formal quantum mechanical descriptors based on electronic structure, electron density, and binding and interaction energies including an energy decomposition analysis. Without exception, all descriptors point to 4β being a transient structure higher in energy than 4α with larger local and global electrophilic and nucleophilic powers, a more favorable spatial and energetic distribution of the frontier orbitals, and a more fragile crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di Scienze, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Santiago Gómez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Natalia Rojas-Valencia
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - José G Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Tatiana Gómez
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Center, Institute of Applied Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cárdenas
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
- Centro para el desarrollo de las Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, CEDENNA, Av. Ecuador 3493, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cacier Hadad
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Chiara Cappelli
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di Scienze, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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5
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Liu SL, Zhao R, Li M, Yang H, Zhou L, Fang S. Synthesis of 2-(2-Nitroalkyl)indoles by Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation. Org Lett 2023; 25:1375-1379. [PMID: 36854113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The Rh(III)-catalyzed addition of the indole C2-H bond to nitroalkenes under an ambient atmosphere is disclosed, providing direct access to a wide range of 2-(2-nitroalkyl)indoles (33 examples) with excellent chemo- and regioselectivity. In addition, pyrrole derivatives also successfully participated in this Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. Representative nitroalkane products could be converted into structurally diverse and valuable indole derivatives. Furthermore, a series of control experiments were conducted, and a plausible mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Liang Liu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Zhao
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Yang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Zhou
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoming Fang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science and Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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6
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Nagtilak PJ, Mane MV, Prasad S, Cavallo L, Tantillo DJ, Kapur M. Merging Rh-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization and Cascade Cyclization to Enable Propargylic Alcohols as Three-Carbon Synthons. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203055. [PMID: 36197081 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a reactivity of propargyl alcohols as "Three-Carbon Synthons" in a Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalization of acetanilides, leading to the synthesis of core structures of isocryptolepine, γ-carbolines, dihydrochromeno[2,3-b]indoles, and diindolylmethanes (DIM) derivatives. The transformation involves a rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalization and heteroannulation to yield indoles followed by a cascade cyclization with both external and internal nucleophiles to afford diverse products. The role of the hydroxy group, the key function of the silver additive, the origin of the reverse regioselectivity and the rate-determining step, are rationalized in conformity with the combination of experimental, noncovalent interaction analysis and DFT studies. This protocol is endowed with several salient features, including one-pot multistep cascade approach, exclusive regioselectivity, good functional group tolerance and synthesis of variety of molecular frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajyot Jayadev Nagtilak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj V Mane
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnatak, 562112, India
| | - Supreeth Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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7
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Hamdaoui M, Liu F, Cornaton Y, Lu X, Shi X, Zhang H, Liu J, Spingler B, Djukic JP, Duttwyler S. An Iridium-Stabilized Borenium Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18359-18374. [PMID: 36173688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of new organometallic systems based on polyhedral boron clusters has the potential to solve challenging chemical problems such as the stabilization of reactive intermediates and transition-state-like species postulated for E-H (E = H, B, C, Si) bond activation reactions. We report on facile and clean B-H activation of a hydroborane by a new iridium boron cluster complex. The product of this reaction is an unprecedented and fully characterized transition metal-stabilized boron cation or borenium. Moreover, this intermediate bears an unusual intramolecular B···H interaction between the hydrogen originating from the activated hydroborane and the cyclometallated metal-bonded boron atom of the boron cluster. This B···H interaction is proposed to be an arrested insertion of hydrogen into the Bcage-metal bond and the initiation step for iridium "cage-walking" around the upper surface of the boron cluster. The "cage-walking" process is supported by the hydrogen-deuterium exchange observed at the boron cluster, and a mechanism is proposed on the basis of theoretical methods with a special focus on the role of noncovalent interactions. All new compounds were isolated and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Key compounds were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Hamdaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yann Cornaton
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Systémique Organométalliques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaohuo Shi
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Djukic
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Systémique Organométalliques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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8
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Rubčić M, Hernández JG. Cocrystal Formation Precedes the Mechanochemically Acetate-Assisted C-H Activation with [Cp*RhCl 2 ] 2. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200737. [PMID: 35274769 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the experimentally studied mechanochemical formation of rhodacycles by ball milling pyridine- and quinoline-derived substrates and [Cp*RhCl2 ]2 in the presence of NaOAc. Ex-situ analysis of the mechanochemical reactions using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), solid-state UV-vis spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy revealed the formation of unexpected cocrystals between the substrates and the rhodium dimer prior to the C-H activation step. This sequence of events differs from the generally accepted steps in solution in which cleavage of [Cp*RhCl2 ]2 is initiated by acetate ions. Additionally, the mechanochemical approach enabled the synthesis of the six-membered rhodacycle [Cp*Rh(2-benzilpyridine)Cl], a metal complex repeatedly reported as inaccessible in solution. Altogether, the results of this investigation clarify some of the fundamental aspects of mechanochemical cyclometallations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Rubčić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José G Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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9
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Martín J, Gómez‐Bengoa E, Genoux A, Nevado C. Synthesis of Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes via Catalytic Rhodium to Gold(III) Transmetalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116755. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Martín
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Enrique Gómez‐Bengoa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Manuel Lardizabal 3 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Alexandre Genoux
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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10
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Martín J, Gómez‐Bengoa E, Genoux A, Nevado C. Synthesis of Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes via Catalytic Rhodium to Gold(III) Transmetalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Martín
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Enrique Gómez‐Bengoa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Manuel Lardizabal 3 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Alexandre Genoux
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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11
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Takei D, Yatabe T, Yabe T, Miyazaki R, Hasegawa JY, Yamaguchi K. C-H Bond Activation Mechanism by a Pd(II)-(μ-O)-Au(0) Structure Unique to Heterogeneous Catalysts. JACS AU 2022; 2:394-406. [PMID: 35252989 PMCID: PMC8889553 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We focused on identifying a catalytic active site structure at the atomic level and elucidating the mechanism at the elementary reaction level of liquid-phase organic reactions with a heterogeneous catalyst. In this study, we experimentally and computationally investigated efficient C-H bond activation for the selective aerobic α,β-dehydrogenation of saturated ketones by using a Pd-Au bimetallic nanoparticle catalyst supported on CeO2 (Pd/Au/CeO2) as a case study. Detailed characterization of the catalyst with various observation methods revealed that bimetallic nanoparticles formed on the CeO2 support with an average size of about 2.5 nm and comprised a Au nanoparticle core and PdO nanospecies dispersed on the core. The formation mechanism of the nanoparticles was clarified through using several CeO2-supported controlled catalysts. Activity tests and detailed characterizations demonstrated that the dehydrogenation activity increased with the coordination numbers of Pd-O species in the presence of Au(0) species. Such experimental evidence suggests that a Pd(II)-(μ-O)-Au(0) structure is the true active site for this reaction. Based on density functional theory calculations using a suitable Pd1O2Au12 cluster model with the Pd(II)-(μ-O)-Au(0) structure, we propose a C-H bond activation mechanism via concerted catalysis in which the Pd atom acts as a Lewis acid and the adjacent μ-oxo species acts as a Brønsted base simultaneously. The calculated results reproduced the experimental results for the selective formation of 2-cyclohexen-1-one from cyclohexanone without forming phenol, the regioselectivity of the reaction, the turnover-limiting step, and the activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takei
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yatabe
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yabe
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ray Miyazaki
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jun-ya Hasegawa
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamaguchi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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12
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Araujo Dias AJ, Takahashi H, Nogami J, Nagashima Y, Tanaka K. Oxidative [4 + 2] annulation of 1-naphthols with alkynes accelerated by an electron-deficient rhodium(III) catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1008-1012. [PMID: 34985090 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-diethoxycarbonyl-2,4,5-trimethylcyclopentadienyl (CpE) rhodium(III) complex displayed high efficacy in the catalytic oxidative annulation of 1-naphthols with internal alkynes under mild conditions. DFT calculations revealed that lower activation energies for the concerted metalation-deprotonation and the reductive elimination steps are the key to improved reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Junio Araujo Dias
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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13
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Tan E, Montesinos-Magraner M, García-Morales C, Mayans JG, Echavarren AM. Rhodium-catalysed ortho-alkynylation of nitroarenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14731-14739. [PMID: 34820088 PMCID: PMC8597868 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04527j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ortho-alkynylation of nitro-(hetero)arenes takes place in the presence of a Rh(iii) catalyst to deliver a wide variety of alkynylated nitroarenes regioselectively. These interesting products could be further derivatized by selective reduction of the nitro group or palladium-catalysed couplings. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reaction proceeds via a turnover-limiting electrophilic C-H metalation ortho to the strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Marc Montesinos-Magraner
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cristina García-Morales
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Joan Guillem Mayans
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
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14
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Davies DL, Singh K, Tamosiunaite N. Steric effects on acetate-assisted cyclometallation of meta-substituted N-phenyl and N-benzyl imidazolium salts at [MCl 2Cp*] 2 (M = Ir, Rh). Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13505-13515. [PMID: 34494047 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
meta-Substituted N-phenyl,N'-methyl and N-benzyl,N'-methyl imidazolium salts undergo acetate-assisted cyclometallation to provide mixtures of ortho and para substituted cyclometallated complexes. The effect of the substituents on the isomer ratios is discussed; steric effects are more important in the 6-membered rings derived from the N-benzyl imidazolium salts than 5-membered rings from the N-phenyl salts. Comparisons are made to steric effects with some other common directing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Kuldip Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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15
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Chua MH, Png ZM, Zhu Q, Xu J. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers via Transition Metal Catalysed C-H Bond Activation. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2896-2919. [PMID: 34390547 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry has emerged as an exciting and promising approach in organic synthesis. This allows us to synthesize a wider range of functional molecules and conjugated polymers in a more convenient and more atom economical way. The formation of C-C bonds in the construction of pi-conjugated systems, particularly for conjugated polymers, has benefited much from the advances in C-H bond activation chemistry. Compared to conventional transition-metal catalysed cross-coupling polymerization such as Suzuki and Stille cross-coupling, pre-functionalization of aromatic monomers, such as halogenation, borylation and stannylation, is no longer required for direct arylation polymerization (DArP), which involve C-H/C-X cross-coupling, and oxidative direct arylation polymerization (Ox-DArP), which involves C-H/C-H cross-coupling protocols driven by the activation of monomers' C(sp2 )-H bonds. Furthermore, poly(annulation) via C-H bond activation chemistry leads to the formation of unique pi-conjugated moieties as part of the polymeric backbone. This review thus summarises advances to date in the synthesis of conjugated polymers utilizing transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry. A variety of conjugated polymers via DArP including poly(thiophene), thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione)-containing, fluorenyl-containing, benzothiadiazole-containing and diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing copolymers, were summarized. Conjugated polymers obtained through Ox-DArP were outlined and compared. Furthermore, poly(annulation) using transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry was also reviewed. In the last part of this review, difficulties and perspective to make use of transition metal catalysed C-H activation polymerization to prepare conjugated polymers were discussed and commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhuang Mao Png
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Rubashkin SB, Chu WY, Goldberg KI. Lowering the Barrier to C–H Activation at IrIII through Pincer Ligand Design. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B. Rubashkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wan-Yi Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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17
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Guzmán Santiago AJ, Brown CA, Sommer RD, Ison EA. Identification of key functionalization species in the Cp*Ir(III)-catalyzed- ortho halogenation of benzamides. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16166-16174. [PMID: 32300762 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00565g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cp*Ir(iii) complexes have been shown to be effective for the halogenation of N,N-diisopropylbenzamides with N-halosuccinimide as a suitable halogen source. The optimized conditions for the iodination reaction consist of 0.5 mol% [Cp*IrCl2]2 in 1,2-dichloroethane at 60 °C for 1 h to form a variety of iodinated benzamides in high yields. Increasing the catalyst loading to 6 mol% and the time to 4 h enabled the bromination reaction of the same substrates. Reactivity was not observed for the chlorination of these substrates. A variety of functional groups on the para-position of the benzamide were well tolerated. Kinetic studies showed the reaction dependence is first order in iridium, positive order in benzamide, and zero order in N-iodosuccinimide. A KIE of 2.5 was obtained from an independent H/D kinetic isotope effect study. Computational studies (DFT-BP3PW91) indicate that a CMD mechanism is more likely than an oxidative addition pathway for the C-H bond activation step. The calculated functionalization step involves an Ir(v) species that is the result of oxidative addition of acetate hypoiodite that is generated in situ from N-iodosuccinimide and acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Guzmán Santiago
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarborough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.
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18
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Kim D, Choi G, Kim W, Kim D, Kang YK, Hong SH. The site-selectivity and mechanism of Pd-catalyzed C(sp 2)-H arylation of simple arenes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:363-373. [PMID: 34163602 PMCID: PMC8178950 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05414c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Control over site-selectivity is a critical challenge for practical application of catalytic C–H functionalization reactions in organic synthesis. Despite the seminal breakthrough of the Pd-catalyzed C(sp2)–H arylation of simple arenes via a concerted metalation–deprotonation (CMD) pathway in 2006, understanding the site-selectivity of the reaction still remains elusive. Here, we have comprehensively investigated the scope, site-selectivity, and mechanism of the Pd-catalyzed direct C–H arylation reaction of simple arenes. Counterintuitively, electron-rich arenes preferably undergo meta-arylation without the need for a specifically designed directing group, whereas electron-deficient arenes bearing fluoro or cyano groups exhibit high ortho-selectivity and electron-deficient arenes bearing bulky electron-withdrawing groups favor the meta-product. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations through a combination of kinetic measurements and stoichiometric experiments using arylpalladium complexes have revealed that the Pd-based catalytic system works via a cooperative bimetallic mechanism, not the originally proposed monometallic CMD mechanism, regardless of the presence of a strongly coordinating L-type ligand. Notably, the transmetalation step, which is influenced by a potassium cation, is suggested as the selectivity-determining step. The transmetalation step, not the C–H activation step, is suggested as the selectivity-determining step in Pd-catalyzed C–H arylation of simple arenes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Geunho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Weonjeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Youn K Kang
- Department of Chemical Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University Seoul 03016 Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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19
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Jia X, Frye LI, Zhu W, Gu S, Gunnoe TB. Synthesis of Stilbenes by Rhodium-Catalyzed Aerobic Alkenylation of Arenes via C–H Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10534-10543. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Lucas I. Frye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Shunyan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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20
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Zhu Z, Wang B. Theoretical investigation on the palladium-catalyzed selective formation of spirocyclenes from dienallenes. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Carrow BP, Sampson J, Wang L. Base-Assisted C-H Bond Cleavage in Cross-Coupling: Recent Insights into Mechanism, Speciation, and Cooperativity. Isr J Chem 2020; 60:230-258. [PMID: 32669731 PMCID: PMC7363398 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes recent mechanistic studies that have provided new insights into how the structure of a metal complex influences the rate and selectivity of base-assisted C-H cleavage. Partitioning a broader mechanistic continuum into classes delimited by the polarization between catalyst and substrate during C-H cleavage is postulated as a method to identify catalysts favoring electrophilic or nucleophilic reactivity patterns, which may be predictive based on structural features of the metal complex (i.e., oxidation state, d-electron count, charge). Multi-metallic cooperativity and polynuclear speciation also provide new avenues to affect energy barriers for C-H cleavage and site selectivity beyond the limitations of single metal catalysts. An improved understanding of mechanistic nuances and structure-activity relationships on this important bond activation step carries important implications for efficiency and controllable site selectivity in non-directed C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad P Carrow
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jessica Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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22
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Kommagalla Y, Ando S, Chatani N. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Reaction of α-Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides and Alkenes: Synthesis of Indanones via [4 + 1] Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2020; 22:1375-1379. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadagiri Kommagalla
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ando
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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23
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Mechanism and stereospecificity of Z-enamide synthesis from salicylaldehydes with isoxazoles using DFT calculations. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Li B, Shen N, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of fused imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines derivatives through cascade C(sp 2)-H functionalizations. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9140-9150. [PMID: 31588947 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01744e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient synthesis of diversely substituted naphtho[1',2':4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]-pyridine derivatives from the cascade reactions of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with a-diazo carbonyl compounds via Rh(iii)-catalyzed regioselective C(sp2)-H alkylation followed by intramolecular annulation is presented. Interestingly, when simple 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were used as the substrates, 5,6-disubstituted naphtho[1',2':4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were efficiently obtained, whereas using 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehydes as the substrates afforded naphtho[1',2':4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]-pyridine-5-carboxylates as the dominating products. Compared with literature methods for the synthesis of naphtho[1',2':4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives, the protocol presented herein has advantages such as easily obtainable substrates, simple operational procedure, high efficiency and excellent regio- and chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China.
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25
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VanderWeide AI, Brennessel WW, Jones WD. Reversible Concerted Metalation-Deprotonation C-H Bond Activation by [Cp*RhCl 2] 2. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12960-12965. [PMID: 31500417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reversibility of the concerted metalation-deprotonation exchange of eight para-substituted phenylpyridines is examined with the parent Cp*RhCl(κ-C,N-NC5H4-C6H4). Equilibrium constants are determined, and the free energies are used to extract the most important parameters that control the thermodynamics. Keq values are found to correlate best with heterolytic C-H bond strengths but in a way that is not obvious considering the electrophilic nature of these activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I VanderWeide
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - William D Jones
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
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26
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Ling B, Liu Y, Jiang YY, Liu P, Bi S. Mechanistic Insights into the Ruthenium-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation of Benzamides and Propargyl Alcohols by DFT Studies. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Ling
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Zhang LB, Zhu MH, Du WB, Ni SF, Wen LR, Li M. Silver-promoted regioselective [4+2] annulation reaction of indoles with alkenes to construct dihydropyrimidoindolone scaffolds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14383-14386. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07098b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An AgI-promoted regioselective [4+2] annulation reaction of indoles with alkenes has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
| | - Wu-Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Rong Wen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
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28
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Kim Y, Park Y, Chang S. Delineating Physical Organic Parameters in Site-Selective C-H Functionalization of Indoles. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:768-775. [PMID: 29974073 PMCID: PMC6026776 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective C-H functionalization is a great challenge in homogeneous transition-metal catalysis. Herein, we present a physical organic approach to delineate the origin of regioselective amidation of N-acylindoles through Ir(III) catalysis. Bulkiness of N-directing groups of indole substrates and electronics of carboxylate additives were identified as two major factors in controlling C2 and C7 selectivity, and their microscopic mechanisms were studied with DFT-based transition state analysis. Computational insights led us to interrogate a linear free energy relationship, and parametrization of molecular determinants enabled the establishment of an intuitive yet robust statistical model that correlates an extensive number of validation data points in high accuracy. This mechanistic investigation eventually allowed the development of a new C2 amidation and alkenylation protocol of indoles, which affords the exclusive functionalization at the C2 position with up to >70:1 selectivity.
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29
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Rej S, Chatani N. Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed C8-Alkylation of 1-Naphthylamide Derivatives with Alkenes through a Bidentate Picolinamide Chelation System. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rej
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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30
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Peneau A, Guillou C, Chabaud L. Recent Advances in [Cp*MIII
] (M = Co, Rh, Ir)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Annulation Through C-H Activation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Peneau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Catherine Guillou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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31
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Zhang S, Chu X, Li T, Wang Z, Zhu B. Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity of Single and Double Cyclometalated Complexes Formed by Reactions of [Cp*MCl 2] 2 (M = Ir and Rh) with Dinaphthyl Phosphines. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4522-4533. [PMID: 31458676 PMCID: PMC6641399 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of two dinaphthyl phosphines with [Cp*IrCl2]2 have been carried out. In the case of di(α-naphthyl)phenylphosphine (1a), a simple P-coordinated neutral adduct 2a is obtained. However, tert-butyldi(α-naphthyl)phenylphosphine (1b) is cyclometalated to form [Cp*IrCl(P^C)] (3b). Complexes 2a and 3a undergo further cyclometalation to give the corresponding double cyclometalated complexes [Cp*Ir(C^P^C)] (4a,b) upon heating. In the presence of sodium acetate, reactions of 1a,b with [Cp*IrCl2]2 directly afford the final double cyclometalated complexes (4a,b). In the absence of acetate, [Cp*RhCl2]2 shows no reaction with 1a,b, whereas with acetate the reactions form the corresponding single cyclometalated complexes [Cp*RhCl(P^C)] (5a,b), which react with t BuOK to form the corresponding rhodium hydride complexes (6a,b). Treatment of 4a with CuCl2 or I2 leads to opening of two Ir-C σ bonds to yield the corresponding P-coordinated iridium dihalide (7 or 8) by means of an intramolecular C-C coupling reaction. A new chiral phosphine (11) is formed by the ligand-exchange reaction of 8 with PMe3. Reactions of the single cycloiridated complex 3b with terminal aromatic alkynes result in the corresponding five- and six-membered doubly cycloiridated complex 12 and/or η2-alkene coordinated complexes 13-15; the latter discloses that the electronic effect of terminal alkynes affects the regioselectivity. While the single cyclorhodated complex 5b reacts with terminal aromatic alkynes to form the corresponding six-membered cyclometalated complexes 16a-c by vinylidene rearrangement/1,1-insertion. Plausible pathways for formation of insertion products 13-16 were proposed. Molecular structures of twelve new complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction.
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32
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Zhao F, Xu B, Ren D, Han L, Yu Z, Liu T. C–H Alkynylation of N-Methylisoquinolone by Rhodium or Gold Catalysis: Theoretical Studies on the Mechanism, Regioselectivity, and Role of TIPS-EBX. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyue Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Benzhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
| | - Dongcheng Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
| | - Lingli Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
| | - Zhangyu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
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33
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Wang GW, Bower JF. Modular Access to Azepines by Directed Carbonylative C-C Bond Activation of Aminocyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2743-2747. [PMID: 29461050 PMCID: PMC5834216 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A modular
Rh-catalyzed entry to azepines is outlined. Under a CO
atmosphere, protecting group directed C–C bond activation of
aminocyclopropanes provides rhodacyclopentanones. These
intermediates are effective for intramolecular C–H metalation
of either an N-aryl or N-vinyl unit en route to azepine ring systems.
Thus, byproduct-free heterocyclizations are enabled by sequential
C–C activation and C–H functionalization steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - John F Bower
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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34
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Chu X, Zhang S, Wang Z, Li T, Zhu B. Aromatic alkyne insertion into six-membered cyclometalated pyridine complexes of iridium: different insertion modes and structurally novel products. RSC Adv 2018; 8:7164-7172. [PMID: 35540324 PMCID: PMC9078379 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13547e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactions of 2-benzoylpyridine or 2-benzylpyridine with [Cp*MCl2]2 (M = Ir, Rh) have been carried out in the presence of NaOAc in refluxing methanol, which form the corresponding six-membered cyclometalated products (1–3) except for the reaction of 2-benzylpyridine with [Cp*RhCl2]2. Insertion reactions of two six-membered cyclometalated pyridine iridium complexes (1 and 2) with terminal or internal aromatic alkynes were studied. Terminal alkynes p-XC6H4C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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CH (X = H, MeO, and F) with 1 give the corresponding five- and seven-membered doubly cycloiridated complexes 4a–c, internal alkynes p-XC6H4CCC6H4X-p (X = H, MeO, and Br) form the similar five- and seven-membered doubly cycloiridated complexes (5a,b) and/or di-insertion products (6a,c), whereas the acyl alkyne PhCCCOPh affords the novel spiro-metalated complex 7. For complex 2, internal alkynes p-XC6H4CCC6H4X-p (X = H, MeO, and Br) form similar five- and seven-membered doubly cycloiridated complexes (8a–c). However, in the case of PhCCCOPh, the reaction gives the novel four-membered cyclometalated complex 9. These results suggest that the products formed by alkyne insertion reactions of the six-membered cycloiridated pyridine complexes are very diverse. Plausible pathways for the formation of these novel insertion products were proposed. Molecular structures of seven cyclometalated complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction. Insertion reactions of aromatic alkynes into the Ir–C bond of six-membered cycloiridated complexes formed various novel products via different insertion modes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Tongyu Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Bolin Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
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35
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Dutta C, Choudhury J. C–H activation-annulation on the N-heterocyclic carbene platform. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27881-27891. [PMID: 35542736 PMCID: PMC9084354 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the initial development of a new C–H activation–annulation chemistry accessible on the metal–N-heterocyclic carbene platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Champak Dutta
- Organometallics and Smart Materials Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics and Smart Materials Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
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36
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Mononuclear half-sandwich iridium and rhodium complexes through C‒H activation: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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Munjanja L, Yuan H, Brennessel WW, Jones WD. Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of Cp*Rh(III) complexes having functional N,O chelate ligands. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Barday M, Janot C, Halcovitch NR, Muir J, Aïssa C. Cross-Coupling of α-Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides with C-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13117-13121. [PMID: 28853234 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds in non-nucleophilic substrates using α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides has not been so far investigated, despite the potential safety advantages that such reagents would provide over either diazo compounds or their in situ precursors. Described herein are the cross-coupling reactions of sulfoxonium ylides with C(sp2 )-H bonds of arenes and heteroarenes in the presence of a rhodium catalyst. The reaction proceeds by a succession of C-H activation, migratory insertion of the ylide into the carbon-metal bond, and protodemetalation, the last step being turnover-limiting. The method is applied to the synthesis of benz[c]acridines when allied to an iridium-catalyzed dehydrative cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Barday
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Christopher Janot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Nathan R Halcovitch
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - James Muir
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Silk Road Business Park, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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39
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40
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Halskov KS, Roth HS, Ellman JA. Synthesis of [5,6]-Bicyclic Heterocycles with a Ring-Junction Nitrogen Atom: Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Alkenyl Azoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9183-9187. [PMID: 28586164 PMCID: PMC5564303 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The first syntheses of privileged [5,6]-bicyclic heterocycles, with ring-junction nitrogen atoms, by transition metal catalyzed C-H functionalization of C-alkenyl azoles is disclosed. Several reactions are applied to alkenyl imidazoles, pyrazoles, and triazoles to provide products with nitrogen incorporated at different sites. Alkyne and diazoketone coupling partners give azolopyridines with various substitution patterns. In addition, 1,4,2-dioxazolone coupling partners yield azolopyrimidines. Furthermore, the mechanisms for the reactions are discussed and the utility of the developed approach is demonstrated by iterative application of C-H functionalization for the rapid synthesis of a patented drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Søholm Halskov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Howard S Roth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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41
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Synthesis of [5,6]-Bicyclic Heterocycles with a Ring-Junction Nitrogen Atom: Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of Alkenyl Azoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Das D, Poddar P, Maity S, Samanta R. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C6-Selective Arylation of 2-Pyridones and Related Heterocycles Using Quinone Diazides: Syntheses of Heteroarylated Phenols. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3612-3621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Puja Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Saurabh Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Rajarshi Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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43
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Sun R, Zhang S, Chu X, Zhu B. Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity of Cyclometalated Complexes Formed by Insertion of Alkynes into M–C (M = Ir and Rh) Bonds. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; Key Laboratory
of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry,
Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; Key Laboratory
of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry,
Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Chu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; Key Laboratory
of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry,
Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Bolin Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; Key Laboratory
of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry,
Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
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44
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Tobisu M, Yasui K, Aihara Y, Chatani N. C−O Activation by a Rhodium Bis(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Catalyst: Aryl Carbamates as Arylating Reagents in Directed C−H Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tobisu
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kosuke Yasui
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Aihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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45
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Tobisu M, Yasui K, Aihara Y, Chatani N. C−O Activation by a Rhodium Bis(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Catalyst: Aryl Carbamates as Arylating Reagents in Directed C−H Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1877-1880. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tobisu
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kosuke Yasui
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Aihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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46
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Potter TJ, Kamber DN, Mercado BQ, Ellman JA. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Aryl and Alkenyl C-H Bond Addition to Diverse Nitroalkenes. ACS Catal 2017; 7:150-153. [PMID: 28435749 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition metal catalyzed C-H bond addition to nitroalkenes has been developed. Very broad nitroalkene scope was observed for this Rh(III)-catalyzed method, including for aliphatic, aromatic and β,β-disubstituted derivatives. Additionally, various directing groups and both aromatic and alkenyl C-H bonds were effective in this transformation. Representative nitroalkane products were converted to dihydroisoquinolones and dihydropyridones in a single step and in high yield by iron mediated reduction and in situ cyclization. Moreover, preliminary success in enantioselective Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond addition to nitroalkenes was achieved as was X-ray structural characterization of a nitronate intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Potter
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - David N. Kamber
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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47
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Potter TJ, Ellman JA. Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Bond Addition/Amine-Mediated Cyclization of Bis-Michael Acceptors. Org Lett 2016; 18:3838-41. [PMID: 27437933 PMCID: PMC4975630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond addition/primary amine-promoted cyclization of bis-Michael acceptors is reported. The C-H bond addition step occurs with high chemoselectivity, and the subsequent intramolecular Michael addition, mediated by a primary amine catalyst, sets three contiguous stereocenters with high diastereoselectivity. A broad range of directing groups and both aromatic and alkenyl C-H bonds were shown to be effective in this transformation, affording functionalized piperidines, tetrahydropyrans, and cyclohexanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Potter
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8170, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8170, United States
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48
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Jardim GAM, da Silva Júnior EN, Bower JF. Overcoming naphthoquinone deactivation: rhodium-catalyzed C-5 selective C-H iodination as a gateway to functionalized derivatives. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3780-3784. [PMID: 30155019 PMCID: PMC6013821 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00302h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a Rh-catalyzed method for the C-5 selective C-H iodination of naphthoquinones and show that complementary C-2 selective processes can be achieved under related conditions. C-C bond forming derivatizations of the C-5 iodinated products provide a gateway to previously inaccessible A-ring analogues. The present study encompasses the first catalytic directed ortho-functionalizations of simple (non-bias) naphthoquinones. The strategic considerations outlined here are likely to be applicable to C-H functionalizations of other weakly coordinating and/or redox sensitive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A M Jardim
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK . .,Institute of Exact Sciences , Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG 31270-901 , Brazil .
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences , Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG 31270-901 , Brazil .
| | - John F Bower
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
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49
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Boerth JA, Ellman JA. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Diastereoselective C-H Bond Addition/Cyclization Cascade of Enone Tethered Aldehydes. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1474-1479. [PMID: 26918112 PMCID: PMC4762265 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04138d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade addition of a C-H bond across alkene and carbonyl π-bonds is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions with low catalyst loading. A range of directing groups were shown to be effective as was the functionalization of alkenyl in addition to aromatic C(sp2)-H bonds. When the enone and aldehyde electrophile were tethered together, cyclic β-hydroxy ketones with three contiguous stereocenters were obtained with high diastereoselectivity. The intermolecular three-component cascade reaction was demonstrated for both aldehyde and imine electrophiles. Moreover, the first x-ray structure of a cationic Cp*Rh(III) enolate with interatomic distances consistent with an η3-bound enolate is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Boerth
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , Connecticut 06520 , USA . ; Tel: +1-203-432-2647
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , Connecticut 06520 , USA . ; Tel: +1-203-432-2647
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50
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Sen M, Kalsi D, Sundararaju B. Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Dehydrative [4+2] Annulation of Oxime with Alkyne by CH and NOH Activation. Chemistry 2015; 21:15529-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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