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Kakiuchi Y, Shapovalova S, Protsenko B, Guda S, Safonova OV, Guda A, Copéret C. Influence of strong π-acceptor ligands on Cr-K-edge X-ray absorption spectral signatures and consequences for the interpretation of surface sites in the Phillips catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2024; 14:3682-3690. [PMID: 38957731 PMCID: PMC11215749 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy01692g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been central to the study of the Phillips polymerization catalyst (CrO3/SiO2). As Cr K-edge XAS signatures are sensitive to the oxidation state, geometry and types of ligands on surface (active) sites, the superposition of these effects makes their interpretation challenging. Notably, CO has been particularly used as a reductant to generate low valent Cr sites from CrO3/SiO2 and as a structural IR probe for analysing reduced Cr surface sites. Hence, it is essential to establish a solid understanding of the spectroscopic impact of CO on low-valent Cr sites. We thus built a series of fully characterized low-valent Cr molecular compounds bearing isoelectronic isocyanide ligands in place of CO, with the goal of understanding the effect of the coordination of π-acceptor ligands on the XANES signature of Cr sites. Cr K-edge spectra supplemented with DFT calculations elucidate the effect of the coordination of π-acceptor ligands on XAS signatures, giving a sharp resonance at the white line while modifying the fine structure due to short Cr-C distances and stability of low-spin Cr(ii/iii) species. The isocyanide references allow the deconvolution of the XAS spectra of the reduced CrO3/SiO2 catalyst by evaluating the types of surface species and relative amounts of bound CO at different CO pressures and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kakiuchi
- ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Svetlana Shapovalova
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don 344090 Russia
| | - Bogdan Protsenko
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don 344090 Russia
| | - Sergey Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don 344090 Russia
- Institute of Mathematics, Mechanics and Computer Science, Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don 344090 Russia
| | | | - Alexander Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don 344090 Russia
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2
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Sawant DM, Joshi G, Ansari AJ. Nitrene-transfer from azides to isocyanides: Unveiling its versatility as a promising building block for the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles. iScience 2024; 27:109311. [PMID: 38510111 PMCID: PMC10951658 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-coupling azide and isocyanide have recently gained recognition as ideal methods for efficiently synthesizing asymmetric carbodiimides. This reaction exhibits high reaction rates, efficiency, and favorable atom/step/redox economy. It enables the nitrene-transfer process, facilitating the formation of C-N bonds and providing a direct and cost-effective synthetic strategy for generating diverse carbodiimides. These carbodiimides are highly reactive compounds that can undergo in-situ transformations into various functional groups and organic compounds, including heterocycles. Developing one-pot and tandem processes in this field has significantly contributed to advancements in organic chemistry. Moreover, the demonstrated utility of these architectural motifs extends to areas such as chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, further highlighting their potential in various scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh M. Sawant
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar 246174, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arshad J. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
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3
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Hsiao KC, Yang PC, Fang CT, Liu HK, Lin CY. A Linear Two-Coordinate Cr(II) Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300924. [PMID: 38059903 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a linear two-coordinate Cr(II) amido complex, Cr{N(t Bu)Dipp}2 (Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl), from the reaction of 1 molar equivalent (equiv) of CrCl2 and 2 equiv. of LiN(t Bu)Dipp is reported. Single-crystal X-ray diffractometry (SC-XRD) analysis revealed that it has a short Cr-N bond distance of 1.8878(9) Å, which could be attributed to the relatively less bulky nature of the amido ligand compared with reported systems. Furthermore, the oxidation reaction of the two-coordinate Cr(II) complex was explored. The oxidation reaction of Cr{N(t Bu)Dipp}2 with the one-electron oxidants AgOTf and [FeCp2 ][BArF 4 ] (BArF 4 - =[B{C6 H3 -3,5-(CF3 )2 }4 ]- ) afforded the trigonal planar three- and bent two-coordinate Cr(III) complexes Cr{N(t Bu)Dipp}2 (OTf) and [Cr{N(t Bu)Dipp}2 ][BArF 4 ], respectively. The reaction of Cr{N(t Bu)Dipp}2 with 1 equiv. of the organic azides AdN3 (Ad=1-adamantyl) and PhN3 afforded the three-coordinate Cr(IV) imido complexes Cr{N(t Bu)Dipp}2 (NAd) and Cr{N(t Bu)Dipp}2 (NPh), respectively. The reaction of Cr{N(t Bu)Dipp}2 and two equiv. of Me3 NO afforded the Cr(VI) dioxo complex Cr{N(t Bu)Dipp}2 (O)2 . The reaction of Cr{N(t Bu)Dipp}2 with 1 equiv. of CyN=C=NCy resulted in the insertion of the carbodiimide into the Cr-N bond, with the formation of a three-coordinate Cr(II) complex. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to elucidate the electronic structure of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chin Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, 701401, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, 701401, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, 701401, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Kuan Liu
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, 701401, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, 701401, Tainan, Taiwan
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4
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Kayser AK, Wolczanski PT, Cundari TR, MacMillan SN, Bollmeyer MM. Benzimidazole-diamide (bida) Pincer Chromium Complexes: Structures and Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15450-15464. [PMID: 37707794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Serendipitous discovery of bida (i.e., N1-Ar-N2-((1-Ar-1-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzene-1,2-diamide; Ar = 2,6-iPr-C6H3), a potentially redox noninnocent, hemilabile pincer ligand with a methylene group that may facilitate proton/H atom reactivity, prompted its investigation. Chromium was chosen for study due to its multiple stable oxidation states. Disodium salt (bida)Na2(THF)n was prepared by thermal rearrangement of (dadi)Na2(THF)4 (i.e., (N,N'-di-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenylamine)phenylglyoxaldiimine)-Na2(THF)4). Salt metathesis of (bida)Na2(THF)n (generated in situ) with CrCl3(THF)3 or Cl3V═NAr (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) afforded (bida)CrCl(THF) (1-THF) and (bida)ClV═NAr, respectively. Substitutions provided (bida)CrCl(PMe2Ph) (1-PMe2Ph) and (bida)CrR(THF) (2-R, where R = Me, CH2CMe2Ph (Nph)). Oxidation of 1-THF with ArN3 (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) or AdN3 (Ad = 1-adamantyl) generated (bida)ClCr═NAr (3═NAr) and (bida)ClCr═NAd (3═NAd) and subsequent alkylation converted these to (bida)R'Cr═NR (R' = Me, R = Ad, Ar, 5═NR; R' = CH2CMe2Ph (Nph), R = Ad, Ar, 6═NR). In contrast, the addition of AdN3 to 2-Nph gave the insertion product (bida)Cr(κ2-N,N-ArN3Nph) (7). Addition of N-chlorosuccinimide to 1-THF produced (bia)CrCl2(THF) (8), where bia is the pincer derived via hydrogen atom loss from bida methylene. A similar HAT afforded (bia)ClCr(CNAr')2 (9, Ar' = 2,6-Me2C6H3) when 3═NAd was exposed to Ar'NC. An empirical equation of charge was applied to each bida species, whose metric parameters are unchanging despite formal oxidation state conversions from Cr(III) to Cr(V). Calculations and Mulliken spin density assessments reveal several situations in which antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling and admixtures of integer ground states (GSs) describe a complicated electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann K Kayser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peter T Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, CASCam University of North Texas Denton, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Gonzalez A, Chen TY, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Werncke CG. Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity of a Linear NHC-Based Chromium(I) Silylamide. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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6
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Dey S, Ghosh P. Accessing Heteroannular Benzoxazole and Benzimidazole Scaffolds via Carbodiimides Using Azide-Isocyanide Cross-Coupling as Catalyzed by Mesoionic Singlet Palladium Carbene Complexes Derived from a Phenothiazine Moiety. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11039-11064. [PMID: 37008148 PMCID: PMC10061513 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of aryl and aliphatic azides with isocyanides yielding carbodiimides (8-17) were efficiently catalyzed by well-defined structurally characterized trans-(MIC)PdI2(L) [MIC = 1-CH2Ph-3-Me-4-(CH2N(C6H4)2S)-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene, L = NC5H5 (4), MesNC (5)], trans-(MIC)2PdI2 (6), and cis-(MIC)Pd(PPh3)I2 (7) type palladium complexes, which incidentally mark the first instances of the use of mesoionic singlet palladium carbene complexes for the said application. As observed from the product yields, the catalytic activity varied in the order 4 > 5 ∼ 6 > 7 for these complexes. A detailed mechanistic studies indicated that the catalysis proceeded via a palladium(0) (4a-7 a) species. Using a representative palladium precatalyst (4), the azide-isocyanide coupling was successfully extended to synthesizing two different bioactive heteroannular benzoxazole (18-22) and benzimidazole (23-27) derivatives, thereby broadening the scope of the catalytic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyata Dey
- Department
of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Prasenjit Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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7
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Mitchell BS, Chirila A, Kephart JA, Boggiano AC, Krajewski SM, Rogers D, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Metal-Support Interactions in Molecular Single-Site Cluster Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18459-18469. [PMID: 36170652 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study provides atomistic insights into the interface between a single-site catalyst and a transition metal chalcogenide support and reveals that peak catalytic activity occurs when edge/support redox cooperativity is maximized. A molecular platform MCo6Se8(PEt3)4(L)2 (1-M, M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn) was designed in which the active site (M)/support (Co6Se8) interactions are interrogated by systematically probing the electronic and structural changes that occur as the identity of the metal varies. All 3d transition metal 1-M clusters display remarkable catalytic activity for coupling tosyl azide and tert-butyl isocyanide, with Mn and Co derivatives showing the fastest turnover in the series. Structural, electronic, and magnetic characterization of the clusters was performed using single crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and computational methods. Distinct metal/support redox regimes can be accessed in 1-M based on the energy of the edge metal's frontier orbitals with respect to those of the cluster support. As the degree of electronic interaction between the edge and the support increases, a cooperative regime is reached wherein the support can deliver electrons to the catalytic site, increasing the reactivity of key metal-nitrenoid intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrei Chirila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrew C Boggiano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sebastian M Krajewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dylan Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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8
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Aziridination Reactivity of a Manganese(II) Complex with a Bulky Chelating Bis(Alkoxide) Ligand. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185751. [PMID: 36144492 PMCID: PMC9505844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Mn(N(SiMe3)2)2(THF)2 with bulky chelating bis(alkoxide) ligand [1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl]-2,2′′-diylbis(diphenylmethanol) (H2[O-terphenyl-O]Ph) formed a seesaw manganese(II) complex Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2, characterized by structural, spectroscopic, magnetic, and analytical methods. The reactivity of Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2 with various nitrene precursors was investigated. No reaction was observed between Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2 and aryl azides. In contrast, the treatment of Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2 with iminoiodinane PhINTs (Ts = p-toluenesulfonyl) was consistent with the formation of a metal-nitrene complex. In the presence of styrene, the reaction led to the formation of aziridine. Combining varying ratios of styrene and PhINTs in different solvents with 10 mol% of Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2 at room temperature produced 2-phenylaziridine in up to a 79% yield. Exploration of the reactivity of Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2 with various olefins revealed (1) moderate aziridination yields for p-substituted styrenes, irrespective of the electronic nature of the substituent; (2) moderate yield for 1,1′-disubstituted α-methylstyrene; (3) no aziridination for aliphatic α-olefins; (4) complex product mixtures for the β-substituted styrenes. DFT calculations suggest that iminoiodinane is oxidatively added upon binding to Mn, and the resulting formal imido intermediate has a high-spin Mn(III) center antiferromagnetically coupled to an imidyl radical. This imidyl radical reacts with styrene to form a sextet intermediate that readily reductively eliminates the formation of a sextet Mn(II) aziridine complex.
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Roose TR, Verdoorn DS, Mampuys P, Ruijter E, Maes BUW, Orru RVA. Transition metal-catalysed carbene- and nitrene transfer to carbon monoxide and isocyanides. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5842-5877. [PMID: 35748338 PMCID: PMC9580617 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00305d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalysed carbene- and nitrene transfer to the C1-building blocks carbon monoxide and isocyanides provides heteroallenes (i.e. ketenes, isocyanates, ketenimines and carbodiimides). These are versatile and reactive compounds allowing in situ transformation towards numerous functional groups and organic compounds, including heterocycles. Both one-pot and tandem processes have been developed providing valuable synthetic methods for the organic chemistry toolbox. This review discusses all known transition metal-catalysed carbene- and nitrene transfer reactions towards carbon monoxide and isocyanides and in situ transformation of the heteroallenes hereby obtained, with a special focus on the general mechanistic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Roose
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - D S Verdoorn
- Organic Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167RD Geleen, The Netherlands.
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - P Mampuys
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - E Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - B U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - R V A Orru
- Organic Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167RD Geleen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Kephart JA, Mitchell BS, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Multi-active Site Dynamics on a Molecular Cr/Co/Se Cluster Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9206-9211. [PMID: 35593888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study uncovers the interconnected reactivity of the three catalytically active sites of an atomically precise nanocluster Cr3(py)3Co6Se8L6 (1(py)3, L = Ph2PNTol-, Ph = phenyl, Tol = 4-tolyl). Catalytic and stoichiometric studies into tosyl azide activation and carbodiimide formation enabled the isolation and crystallographic characterization of key catalytically competent metal-imido intermediates, including the tris(imido) cluster 1(NTs)3, the catalytic resting state 1(NTs)3(CNtBu)3, and the site-differentiated mono(imido) cluster 1(NTs)(CNtBu)2. In the stoichiometric regime, nitrene transfer proceeds via a stepwise mechanism, with the three active sites engaging sequentially to produce carbodiimide. Moreover, the chemical state of neighboring active sites was found to regulate the affinity for substrates of an individual Cr-imido edge site, as revealed by comparative structural analysis and CNtBu binding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Benjamin S Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Kurup SS, Nasser S, Ward CL, Groysman S. Synthesis and structure of a new bulky bis-(alkoxide) ligand on a terphenyl platform. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:92-96. [PMID: 35079433 PMCID: PMC8739204 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021013438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A new sterically bulky chelating bis-(alkoxide) ligand 3,3'-([1,1':4',1''-terphen-yl]-2,2''-di-yl)bis-(2,2,4,4-tetra-methyl-pentan-3-ol), (H2[OO]tBu), was prepared in a two-step process as the di-chloro-methane monosolvate, C36H50O2·CH2Cl2. The first step is a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction between 2-bromo-phenyl-boronic acid and 1,4-di-iodo-benzene. The resulting 2,2''-di-bromo-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl was reacted with t BuLi and hexa-methyl-acetone to obtain the desired product. The crystal structure of H2[OO]tBu revealed an anti conformation of the [CPh2(OH)] fragments relative to the central phenyl. Furthermore, the hydroxyl groups point away from each other. Likely because of this anti-anti conformation, the attempts to synthesize first-row transition-metal complexes with H2[OO]tBu were not successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer S. Kurup
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Sandra Nasser
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Cassandra L. Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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12
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Groysman S, Kurup SS. Catalytic synthesis of azoarenes via metal-mediated nitrene coupling. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4577-4589. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00228k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various valuable properties of azoarenes (“azo dyes”), including their vivid colors and their facile cis-trans photoisomerization, lead to their wide use in the chemical industry. As a result, ~700,000 metric...
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13
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Reinholdt A, Kwon S, Jafari MG, Gau MR, Caroll PJ, Lawrence C, Gu J, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. An Isolable Azide Adduct of Titanium(II) Follows Bifurcated Deazotation Pathways to an Imide. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:527-537. [PMID: 34963052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AdN3 (Ad = 1-adamantyl) reacts with the tetrahedral TiII complex [(TptBu,Me)TiCl] (TptBu,Me = hydrotris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate) to generate a mixture of an imide complex, [(TptBu,Me)TiCl(NAd)] (4), and an unusual and kinetically stable azide adduct of the group 4 metal, namely, [(TptBu,Me)TiCl(γ-N3Ad)] (3). In these conversions, the product distribution is determined by the relative concentration of reactants. In contrast, the azide adduct 3 forms selectively when a masked TiII complex (N2 or AdNC adduct) reacts with AdN3. Upon heating, 3 extrudes dinitrogen in a unimolecular process proceeding through a titanatriazete intermediate to form the imide complex 4, but the observed thermal stability of the azide adduct (t1/2 = 61 days at 25 °C) is at odds with the large fraction of imide complex formed directly in reactions between AdN3 and [(TptBu,Me)TiCl] at room temperature (∼50% imide with a 1:1 stoichiometry). A combination of theoretical and experimental studies identified an additional deazotation pathway, proceeding through a bimetallic complex bridged by a single azide ligand. The electronic origin of this deazotation mechanism lies in the ability of azide adduct 3 to serve as a π-backbonding metallaligand toward free [(TptBu,Me)TiCl]. These findings unveil a new class of azide-to-imide conversions for transition metals, highlighting that the mechanisms underlying this common synthetic methodology may be more complex than conventionally assumed, given the concentration dependence in the conversion of an azide into an imide complex. Lastly, we show how significantly different AdN3 reacts when treated with [(TptBu,Me)VCl].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Seongyeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehrafshan G Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Caroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chad Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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14
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Zhang Z, Tan P, Chang W, Zhang Z. Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling and Sequential Reactions of Azides with Isocyanides. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxu Chang
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
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15
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Wannipurage D, Kurup SS, Groysman S. Heterocoupling of Different Aryl Nitrenes to Produce Asymmetric Azoarenes Using Iron–Alkoxide Catalysis and Investigation of the Cis–Trans Isomerism of Selected Bulky Asymmetric Azoarenes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duleeka Wannipurage
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sudheer S. Kurup
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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16
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So J, Kim S, Cho KB, Lee Y. Metal-ligand cooperative transformation of alkyl azide to isocyanate occurring at a Co-Si moiety. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3219-3222. [PMID: 33645611 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt-silyl moiety reveals metal-ligand cooperative group transfer to generate isocyanate from the reaction of alkyl azide and CO. This reaction involves the reversible insertion of a nitrene group into a Co-Si bond. Photolysis leads to ligand substitution of a Co(CO)2 species, allowing the successful catalytic conversion of AdN3 to AdNCO under CO(g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho So
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Grass A, Kulathungage LW, Wannipurage D, Yousif M, Ward CL, Groysman S. Synthesis, characterization, and alkoxide transfer reactivity of dimeric Tl 2(OR) 2 complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2501-2509. [PMID: 33514951 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03917a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of LiOCtBu2Ph with TlPF6 forms the dimeric Tl2(OCtBu2Ph)2 complex, a rare example of a homoleptic thallium alkoxide complex demonstrating formally two-coordinate metal centers. Characterization of Tl2(OCtBu2Ph)2 by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography reveals the presence of two isomers differing by the mutual conformation of the alkoxide ligands, and by the planarity of the central Tl-O-Tl-O plane. Tl2(OCtBu2Ph)2 serves as a convenient precursor to the formation of old and new [M(OCtBu2Ph)n] complexes (M = Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn), including a rare example of T-shaped Zn(OCtBu2Ph)2(THF) complex, which could not be previously synthesized using more conventional LiOR/HOR precursors. The reaction of [Ru(cymene)Cl2]2 with Tl2(OCtBu2Ph)2 results in the formation of a ruthenium(ii) alkoxide complex. For ruthenium, the initial coordination of the alkoxide triggers C-H activation at the ortho-H of [OCtBu2Ph] which results in its bidentate coordination. In addition to Tl2(OCtBu2Ph)2, related Tl2(OCtBu2(3,5-Me2C6H3))2 was also synthesized, characterized, and shown to exhibit similar reactivity with iron and ruthenium precursors. Synthetic, structural, and spectroscopic characterizations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Grass
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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18
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Elinburg JK, Doerrer LH. Synthesis, structure, and electronic properties of late first-row transition metal complexes of fluorinated alkoxides and aryloxides. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Kawakita K, Kakiuchi Y, Tsurugi H, Mashima K, Parker BF, Arnold J, Tonks IA. Reactivity of terminal imido complexes of group 4-6 metals: stoichiometric and catalytic reactions involving cycloaddition with unsaturated organic molecules. Coord Chem Rev 2020; 407:213118. [PMID: 32863399 PMCID: PMC7453927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Imido complexes of early transition metals are key intermediates in the synthesis of many nitrogen-containing organic compounds. The metal-nitrogen double bond of the imido moiety undergoes [2+2] cycloaddition reactions with various unsaturated organic molecules to form new nitrogen-carbon and nitrogen-heteroatom bonds. This review article focuses on reactivity of the terminal imido complexes of Group 4-6 metals, summarizing their stoichiometric reactions and catalytic applications for a variety of reactions including alkyne hydroamination, alkyne carboamination, pyrrole formation, imine metathesis, and condensation reactions of carbonyl compounds with isocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Kawakita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yuya Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Bernard F. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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20
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Dong Y, Clarke RM, Zheng SL, Betley TA. Synthesis and electronic structure studies of a Cr-imido redox series. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3163-3166. [PMID: 32065193 PMCID: PMC7132162 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of metal identity, d-electron count, and coordination geometry on the electronic structure of a metal-ligand multiple bond (MLMB) is an area of active exploration. Although high oxidation state Cr imidos have been extensively studied, very few reports on low-valent Cr imidos or the interconversion of redox isomers exist. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a family of dipyrrinato Cr imido complexes in oxidation states ranging from CrIII to CrV, showcasing the influence of the weak-field dipyrromethene scaffold on the electronic structure and coordination geometries of these Cr imides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| | - Ryan M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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21
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Wannipurage D, Hollingsworth TS, Santulli F, Cozzolino M, Lamberti M, Groysman S, Mazzeo M. Synthesis of a mononuclear magnesium bis(alkoxide) complex and its reactivity in the ring-opening copolymerization of cyclic anhydrides with epoxides. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2715-2723. [PMID: 32051999 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a new mononuclear magnesium complex with a bulky bis(alkoxide) ligand environment and its reactivity in ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) are reported. Reaction of n-butyl-sec-butylmagnesium with two equivalents of HOR (HOR = di-tert-butylphenylmethanol, HOCtBu2Ph) formed Mg(OR)2(THF)2. The reaction proceeded via the Mg(OR)(sec-Bu)(THF)2 intermediate that was independently synthesized by treating n-butyl-sec-butylmagnesium with one equivalent of HOR. Mg(OR)2(THF)2 led to active albeit not well-controlled ROP of rac-lactide. In contrast, well-controlled ROCOP of epoxides with cyclic anhydrides was observed, including efficient and alternating copolymerization of phthalic anhydride with cyclohexene oxide as well as rare copolymerization of phthalic anhydride with limonene oxide and terpolymerization of phthalic anhydride with both cyclohexene oxide and limonene oxide. In addition, novel copolymerization of dihydrocoumarin with limonene oxide is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duleeka Wannipurage
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | | | - Federica Santulli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Mariachiara Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Marina Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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22
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Kurup SS, Staples RJ, Lord RL, Groysman S. Synthesis of Chromium(II) Complexes with Chelating Bis(alkoxide) Ligand and Their Reactions with Organoazides and Diazoalkanes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25020273. [PMID: 31936557 PMCID: PMC7024303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of new chromium(II) complexes with chelating bis(alkoxide) ligand [OO]Ph (H2[OO]Ph = [1,1′:4′,1′’-terphenyl]-2,2′’-diylbis(diphenylmethanol)) and their subsequent reactivity in the context of catalytic production of carbodiimides from azides and isocyanides are described. Two different Cr(II) complexes are obtained, as a function of the crystallization solvent: mononuclear Cr[OO]Ph(THF)2 (in toluene/THF, THF = tetrahydrofuran) and dinuclear Cr2([OO]Ph)2 (in CH2Cl2/THF). The electronic structure and bonding in Cr[OO]Ph(THF)2 were probed by density functional theory calculations. Isolated Cr2([OO]Ph)2 undergoes facile reaction with 4-MeC6H4N3, 4-MeOC6H4N3, or 3,5-Me2C6H3N3 to yield diamagnetic Cr(VI) bis(imido) complexes; a structure of Cr[OO]Ph(N(4-MeC6H4))2 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The reaction of Cr2([OO]Ph)2 with bulkier azides N3R (MesN3, AdN3) forms paramagnetic products, formulated as Cr[OO]Ph(NR). The attempted formation of a Cr–alkylidene complex (using N2CPh2) instead forms chromium(VI) bis(diphenylmethylenehydrazido) complex Cr[OO]Ph(NNCPh2)2. Catalytic formation of carbodiimides was investigated for the azide/isocyanide mixtures containing various aryl azides and isocyanides. The formation of carbodiimides was found to depend on the nature of organoazide: whereas bulky mesitylazide led to the formation of carbodiimides with all isocyanides, no carbodiimide formation was observed for 3,5-dimethylphenylazide or 4-methylphenylazide. Treatment of Cr2([OO]Ph)2 or H2[OO]Ph with NO+ leads to the formation of [1,2-b]-dihydroindenofluorene, likely obtained via carbocation-mediated cyclization of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer S. Kurup
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Richard J. Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Richard L. Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Dr, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
- Correspondence: (R.L.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.L.L.); (S.G.)
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23
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Collet JW, Roose TR, Ruijter E, Maes BUW, Orru RVA. Base Metal Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:540-558. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurriën W. Collet
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Organic SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Thomas R. Roose
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
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24
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Beaumier EP, McGreal ME, Pancoast AR, Wilson RH, Moore JT, Graziano BJ, Goodpaster JD, Tonks IA. Carbodiimide Synthesis via Ti-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer from Diazenes to Isocyanides. ACS Catal 2019; 9:11753-11762. [PMID: 34113477 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Ti imido halide complexes such as [Br2Ti(N t Bu)py2]2 are competent catalysts for the synthesis of unsymmetrical carbodiimides via Ti-catalyzed nitrene transfer from diazenes or azides to isocyanides. Both alkyl and aryl isocyanides are compatible with the reaction conditions, although product inhibition with sterically unencumbered substrates sometimes limits the yield when diazenes are employed as the oxidant. The reaction mechanism has been investigated both experimentally and computationally, wherein a key feature is that the product release is triggered by electron transfer from an η 2-carbodiimide to a Ti-bound azobenzene. This ligand-to-ligand redox buffering obviates the need for high-energy formally TiII intermediates and provides further evidence that substrate and product "redox noninnocence" can promote unusual Ti redox catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Meghan E. McGreal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Adam R. Pancoast
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - R. Hunter Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - James T. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Brendan J. Graziano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jason D. Goodpaster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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25
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Grass A, Wannipurage D, Lord RL, Groysman S. Group-transfer chemistry at transition metal centers in bulky alkoxide ligand environments. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Kawakita K, Kakiuchi Y, Beaumier EP, Tonks IA, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Synthesis of Pyridylimido Complexes of Tantalum and Niobium by Reductive Cleavage of the N═N Bond of 2,2'-Azopyridine: Precursors for Early-Late Heterobimetallic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15155-15165. [PMID: 31553585 PMCID: PMC7017918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the syntheses of 2-pyridylimido complexes of tantalum and niobium by N═N bond cleavage of 2,2'-azopyridine. Reaction of MCl5 (M = Ta and Nb) with 2,2'-azopyridine in the presence of 0.5 equiv of 1-methyl-3,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene (abbreviated Si-Me-CHD) afforded a dark red solution (for Ta) and a dark blue solution (for Nb) with some insoluble precipitates. After removing the solids, another 0.5 equiv of Si-Me-CHD was added to each solution, giving [M(═Npy)Cl3]n (1a: M = Ta; 1b: M = Nb) through reductive cleavage of the N═N bond of 2,2'-azopyridine. The initial products of the above reactions were determined to be 2,2'-azopyridine-bridged dinuclear complexes, [(MCl4)2(μ-pyNNpy)] (2a: M = Ta; 2b: M = Nb), which were isolated by treating MCl5 with 2,2'-azopyridine and Si-Me-CHD in a 2:1:1 molar ratio. In 2a and 2b, the N═N bond was reduced to a single bond via two-electron reduction. Further reduction of complexes 2a and 2b with 1 equiv of Si-Me-CHD afforded complexes 1a and 1b. An anionic doubly μ-imido-bridged ditantalum complex, [nBu4N][Ta2(μ-Npy)2Cl7] (3a), was generated upon addition of nBu4NCl to complex 1a, while addition of nBu4NCl to niobium complex 1b gave a polymeric terminal imido complex, [nBu4N]n/2[{Nb(═Npy)Cl3}2(μ-Cl)]n/2 (3b). Complexations of 1a and 1b with 1 equiv of 2,2'-bipyridine resulted in the formation of mononuclear 2-pyridylimido complexes, M(═Npy)Cl3(bipy) (4a: M = Ta; 4b: M = Nb), whose main structural feature is intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the ortho hydrogen atom of 2,2'-bipyridine and the nitrogen atom of the pyridyl group on the imido ligand. Isolated 2-pyridylimido complexes 4a and 4b reacted with [RhCl(cod)]2 to produce the corresponding early-late heterobimetallic complexes, (bipy)MCl3(μ-Npy)RhCl(cod) (5a: M = Ta; 5b: M = Nb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Kawakita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yuya Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Evan P. Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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27
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Collet JW, Roose TR, Ruijter E, Maes BUW, Orru RVA. Base Metal Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurriën W. Collet
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Organic SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Thomas R. Roose
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
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28
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Kurup SS, Wannipurage D, Lord RL, Groysman S. Tying the alkoxides together: an iron complex of a new chelating bulky bis(alkoxide) demonstrates selectivity for coupling of non-bulky aryl nitrenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10780-10783. [PMID: 31432810 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05319k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
New chelating bis(alkoxide) ligand H2[OO]Ph and its iron(ii) complex Fe[OO]Ph(THF)2 are described. The coordination of the ligand to the metal center is reminiscent of the coordination of two monodentate alkoxides in previously reported Fe(OR)2(THF)2 species. Fe[OO]Ph(THF)2 catalyzes selective and efficient dimerization of non-bulky aryl nitrenes to yield the corresponding azoarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer S Kurup
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Duleeka Wannipurage
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Dr, Allendale, MI 49401, USA.
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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29
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Grass A, Dewey NS, Lord RL, Groysman S. Ketenimine Formation Catalyzed by a High-Valent Cobalt Carbene in Bulky Alkoxide Ligand Environment. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Grass
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Dewey
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Richard L. Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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30
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Yousif M, Wannipurage D, Huizenga CD, Washnock-Schmid E, Peraino NJ, Ozarowski A, Stoian SA, Lord RL, Groysman S. Catalytic Nitrene Homocoupling by an Iron(II) Bis(alkoxide) Complex: Bulking Up the Alkoxide Enables a Wider Range of Substrates and Provides Insight into the Reaction Mechanism. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9425-9438. [PMID: 30015481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of HOR' (OR' = di-t-butyl-(3,5-diphenylphenyl)methoxide) with an iron(II) amide precursor forms the iron(II) bis(alkoxide) complex Fe(OR')2(THF)2 (2). 2 (5-10 mol %) serves as a catalyst for the conversion of aryl azides into the corresponding azoarenes. The highest yields are observed for aryl azides featuring two ortho substituents; other substitution patterns in the aryl azide precursor lead to moderate or low yields. The reaction of 2 with stoichiometric amounts (2 equiv) of the corresponding aryl azide shows the formation of azoarenes as the only organic products for the bulkier aryl azides (Ar = mesityl, 2,6-diethylphenyl). In contrast, formation of tetrazene complexes Fe(OR')2(ArNNNNAr) (3-6) is observed for the less bulky aryl azides (Ar = phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl). The electronic structure of selected tetrazene complexes was probed by spectroscopy (field-dependent 57Fe Mössbauer and high-frequency EPR) and density functional theory calculations. These studies revealed that Fe(OR')2(ArNNNNAr) complexes contain high-spin ( S = 5/2) iron(III) centers exchange-coupled to tetrazene radical anions. Tetrazene complexes Fe(OR')2(ArNNNNAr) produce the corresponding azoarenes (ArNNAr) upon heating. Treatment of a tetrazene complex Fe(OR')2(ArNNNNAr) with a different azide (N3Ar') produces all three possible products ArNNAr, ArNNAr', and Ar'NNAr'. These experiments and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations exploring the reaction mechanism suggest that the tetrazene functionality serves as a masked form of the reactive iron mono(imido) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yousif
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Duleeka Wannipurage
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Caleb D Huizenga
- Department of Chemistry , Grand Valley State University , Allendale , Michigan 49401 , United States
| | - Elizabeth Washnock-Schmid
- Department of Chemistry , Grand Valley State University , Allendale , Michigan 49401 , United States
| | - Nicholas J Peraino
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- Department of Chemistry , University of Idaho , Moscow , Idaho 83844 , United States
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry , Grand Valley State University , Allendale , Michigan 49401 , United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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Ansari AJ, Pathare RS, Maurya AK, Agnihotri VK, Khan S, Roy TK, Sawant DM, Pardasani RT. Synthesis of Diverse Nitrogen Heterocycles via
Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Azide-Isocyanide Cross-Coupling/Cyclization: Mechanistic Insight using Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad J. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy; Central University of Rajasthan; NH8 (Jaipur-Ajmer Highway), Bandarsindri Ajmer 305817 India
| | - Ramdas S. Pathare
- Department of Chemistry; Central University of Rajasthan; NH8 (Jaipur-Ajmer Highway), Bandarsindri Ajmer 305817 India
| | - Antim K. Maurya
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development division; CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palmpur; Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Vijai K. Agnihotri
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development division; CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palmpur; Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry; Bhupal Nobles' University; Udaipur 313001 India
| | - Tapta Kanchan Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences; Central University of Jammu; Jammu 180011 India
| | - Devesh M. Sawant
- Department of Pharmacy; Central University of Rajasthan; NH8 (Jaipur-Ajmer Highway), Bandarsindri Ajmer 305817 India
| | - Ram T. Pardasani
- Department of Chemistry; Central University of Rajasthan; NH8 (Jaipur-Ajmer Highway), Bandarsindri Ajmer 305817 India
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Elpitiya GR, Malbrecht BJ, Jenkins DM. A Chromium(II) Tetracarbene Complex Allows Unprecedented Oxidative Group Transfer. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14101-14110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaya R. Elpitiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Brian J. Malbrecht
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Hollingsworth TS, Hollingsworth RL, Rosen T, Groysman S. Zinc bimetallics supported by a xanthene-bridged dinucleating ligand: synthesis, characterization, and lactide polymerization studies. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-zinc complexes of a new dinucleating xanthene-based bis(iminophenolate) ligand have been synthesized, and their coordination chemistry and lactide polymerization activity have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomer Rosen
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel-Aviv University
- Tel-Aviv 69978
- Israel
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34
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Bellow JA, Stoian SA, van Tol J, Ozarowski A, Lord RL, Groysman S. Synthesis and Characterization of a Stable High-Valent Cobalt Carbene Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5531-4. [PMID: 27077402 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The formally Co(IV) carbene Co(OR)2(═CPh2) is formed upon the reaction of diphenyldiazomethane with the cobalt bis(alkoxide) precursor Co(OR)2(THF)2. Structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies demonstrate that Co(OR)2(═CPh2) has significant high-valent Co(IV)═CPh2 character with non-negligible spin density on the carbene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Bellow
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Johan van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University , Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Bellow JA, Yousif M, Groysman S. Discrete Complexes of 3d Metals with Monodentate Bulky Alkoxide Ligands and Their Reactivity in Bond Activation and Bond Formation Reactions. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2015.1108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bellow
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Maryam Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Yousif M, Cabelof AC, Martin PD, Lord RL, Groysman S. Synthesis of a mononuclear, non-square-planar chromium(ii) bis(alkoxide) complex and its reactivity toward organic carbonyls and CO2. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9794-804. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rare non-square-planar mononuclear Cr(ii) bis(alkoxide) complex Cr(OR′)2(THF)2 is reported and its reactivity with organic carbonyls and CO2 is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yousif
- Department of Chemistry
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
| | - Alyssa C. Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Richard L. Lord
- Department of Chemistry
- Grand Valley State University
- Allendale
- USA
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Kriegel BM, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Nitrene Metathesis and Catalytic Nitrene Transfer Promoted by Niobium Bis(imido) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 138:52-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Kriegel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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