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Tensi L, Moretti F, Amendola A, Froese RDJ, Macchioni A, Kuhlman RL, Pearson DM, Zuccaccia C. Solution Structure and Dynamics of Hf-Al and Hf-Zn Heterobimetallic Adducts Mimicking Relevant Intermediates in Chain Transfer Reactions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8222-8236. [PMID: 38666625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cationic cyclometalated hafnocenes [CpPrCpCH2CH2CH2Hf][B(C6F5)4] (4Pr) and [CpiBuCpCH2CH(Me)CH2Hf][B(C6F5)4] (4aiBu and 4biBu) were synthesized from the corresponding [(CpPr)2HfMe][B(C6F5)4] (1Pr) and [(CpiBu)2HfMe][B(C6F5)4] (1iBu) complexes via C-H activation. 4aiBu, 4biBu, and 4Pr, mimicking a propagating M-polymeryl species (M = transition metal) with or without a β-methyl branch on the metalated chains, serve to investigate whether and how the nature of the last inserted olefin molecules changes the structure, stability, and reactivity of the corresponding heterobimetallic complexes, formed in the presence of aluminum- or zinc-alkyl chain transfer agents (CTAs), which are considered relevant intermediates in coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) and chain shuttling polymerization (CSP) technologies. NMR and DFT data indicate no major structural difference between the resulting heterobridged complexes, all characterized by the presence of multiple α-agostic interactions. On the contrary, thermodynamic and kinetic investigations, concerning the reversible formation and breaking of heterobimetallic adducts, demonstrate that isomer 4aiBu, in which the β-Me is oriented away from the reactive coordination site on Hf, but not 4biBu, having the β-Me pointing in the opposite direction, is capable of reacting with CTAs. Quantification of kinetic rate constants highlights that the formation process is rate limiting and that the nature of the last inserted α-olefin unit modulates transalkylation kinetics. The reaction of 4aiBu, 4biBu, and 4Pr with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DiBAlH) allows the interception and characterization of new heterobinuclear and heterotrinuclear species, featuring both hydride and alkyl bridging moieties, which represent structural models of elusive intermediates in CCTP and CSP processes, capturing the instant when an alkyl chain has just transferred from a transition metal to a main group metal, while the two metals remain engaged in a single heterobimetallic intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tensi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Amendola
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Robert D J Froese
- Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roger L Kuhlman
- The Dow Chemical Company, 230 Abner Jackson Parkway Herbert H Dow Building #2B104, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - David M Pearson
- The Dow Chemical Company, 230 Abner Jackson Parkway Herbert H Dow Building #2B104, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Nifant’ev IE, Komarov PD, Kostomarova OD, Kolosov NA, Ivchenko PV. MAO- and Borate-Free Activating Supports for Group 4 Metallocene and Post-Metallocene Catalysts of α-Olefin Polymerization and Oligomerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3095. [PMID: 37514483 PMCID: PMC10384419 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern industry of advanced polyolefins extensively uses Group 4 metallocene and post-metallocene catalysts. High-throughput polyolefin technologies demand the use of heterogeneous catalysts with a given particle size and morphology, high thermal stability, and controlled productivity. Conventional Group 4 metal single-site heterogeneous catalysts require the use of high-cost methylalumoxane (MAO) or perfluoroaryl borate activators. However, a number of inorganic phases, containing highly acidic Lewis and Brønsted sites, are able to activate Group 4 metal pre-catalysts using low-cost and affordable alkylaluminums. In the present review, we gathered comprehensive information on MAO- and borate-free activating supports of different types and discussed the surface nature and chemistry of these phases, examples of their use in the polymerization of ethylene and α-olefins, and prospects of the further development for applications in the polyolefin industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E. Nifant’ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.N.); (P.D.K.)
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel D. Komarov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.N.); (P.D.K.)
| | | | - Nikolay A. Kolosov
- NIOST LLC, Kuzovlevsky Tr. 2-270, 634067 Tomsk, Russia; (O.D.K.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Pavel V. Ivchenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.N.); (P.D.K.)
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Nifant'ev IE, Vinogradov AA, Vinogradov AA, Minyaev ME, Bagrov VV, Salakhov II, Shaidullin NM, Chalykh AE, Shapagin AV, Ivchenko PV. Heterocene-catalyzed ethylene/oct-1-ene copolymerization under MAO-free and low-MAO conditions: The synthesis of highly statistical copolymers and their use in blending with HDPE. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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Goller A, Obenauf J, Kretschmer WP, Kempe R. The Highly Controlled and Efficient Polymerization of Ethylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216464. [PMID: 36541599 PMCID: PMC10108248 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The highly controlled and efficient polymerization of ethylene is a very attractive but challenging target. Herein we report on a Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization catalyst, which combines a high degree of control and very high activity in ethylene oligo- or polymerization with extremely high chain transfer agent (triethylaluminum) to catalyst ratios (catalyst economy). Our Zr catalyst is long living and temperature stable. The chain length of the polyethylene products increases over time under constant ethylene feed or until a certain volume of ethylene is completely consumed to reach the expected molecular weight. Very high activities are observed if the catalyst elongates 60 000 or more alkyl chains and the polydispersity of the strictly linear polyethylene materials obtained are very low. The key for the combination of high control and efficiency seems to be a catalyst stabilized by only one strongly bound monoanionic N-ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Goller
- Anorganische Chemie II-Katalysatordesign, Sustainable Chemistry Centre, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, NW I, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes Obenauf
- Anorganische Chemie II-Katalysatordesign, Sustainable Chemistry Centre, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, NW I, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Winfried P Kretschmer
- Anorganische Chemie II-Katalysatordesign, Sustainable Chemistry Centre, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, NW I, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Anorganische Chemie II-Katalysatordesign, Sustainable Chemistry Centre, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, NW I, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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Sian L, Dall’Anese A, Macchioni A, Tensi L, Busico V, Cipullo R, Goryunov GP, Uborsky D, Voskoboynikov AZ, Ehm C, Rocchigiani L, Zuccaccia C. Role of Solvent Coordination on the Structure and Dynamics of ansa-Zirconocenium Ion Pairs in Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sian
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Dall’Anese
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Tensi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Bonath M, Schädle D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. The Alkylaluminate/Gallate Trap: Metalation of Benzene by Heterobimetallic Yttrocene Complexes [Cp* 2Y(MMe 3R)] (M = Al, Ga). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14952-14968. [PMID: 34514777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Yttrocene derivatives [Cp*2Y(MMe4)] (Cp* = C5Me5; M = Al, Ga) and Cp*2Y[Me3Al{B(NDippCH)2}] (Dipp = C6H3iPr2-2,6) deprotonate benzene at elevated temperatures via the release of methane. The formation of [Cp*2Y(Me2MPh2)] (M = Al, Ga), Cp*2Y(MPh4) (M = Al, Ga), Cp*2Y[Me2AlPh{B(NDippCH)2}], and Cp*2Y[AlPh3{B(NDippCH)2}] can be controlled via the temperature applied. The activation temperature and formation of the coordinatively unsaturated "reactive" [Cp*2YMe] strongly depend on the coordination strength of the displaceable Lewis acids [AlMe3]2, GaMe3, and [Me2Al{B(NDippCH)2}]2. Hence, [Cp*2Y(AlMe4)] requires temperatures above 100 °C to metalate benzene, while Cp*2Y[AlMe3{B(NDippCH)2}] undergoes C-H-bond activation even at ambient temperatures. A kinetic deuterium isotope effect was observed for the reactions in C6D6 solutions. Distinct differences in the stabilities of the bulky Group 13 anions ([Me2MPh2]-, [MPh4]-, [Me3Al{B(NDippCH)2}]-, [Me2AlPh{B(NDippCH)2}]-, and [AlPh3{B(NDippCH)2}]-) are assessed by detailed studies of the coordination chemistry with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and by variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thus, increased steric bulk or a reduced Lewis acidity of the Group 13 metal center promote temperature-sensitive dissociation of trivalent Group 13 alkyl entities. Consequently, compound Cp*2Y[AlPh3{B(NDippCH)2}] was found to engage in a dissociation equilibrium with [Cp*2YPh] and AlPh2{B(NDippCH)2} in a C6D6 solution at ambient temperature. The reaction of Cp*2Y[AlPh3{B(NDippCH)2}] with THF results in the concomitant formation of monometallic Cp*2YPh(THF) and the solvent-separated ion pair [Cp*2Y(THF)2][AlPh3{B(NDippCH)2}].
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bonath
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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Propylene Polymerization and Deactivation Processes with Isoselective {Cp/Flu} Zirconocene Catalysts. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrially relevant single-site precatalysts used to produce isotactic polypropylene (iPP) include C2-symmetric {SBI} and C1-symmetric {Cp/Flu} complexes of group 4 metals. While the latter can produce iPPs with a higher degree of isotacticity, they also suffer from poor productivity compared to their {SBI} counterparts. Several causes for this trend have been suggested—2,1-Regioinsertions are frequently pointed out, as they are suspected to drive the catalyst into a dormant state. While this event does not seem to significantly impact the productivity of {SBI} systems, the influence of these regioerror is poorly documented for isoselective {Cp/Flu} precatalysts. To address this issue, new Ph2X(Cp)(Flu) (Ph2X = Ph2C, FluC, Ph2Si) proligands (2a–k) and some of the corresponding dichlorozirconocenes (3a–h,k) were synthesized. These new compounds were characterized and tested in homogeneous propylene polymerization at 60 °C and the amounts of regioerrors in the resulting polymers were examined by 13C NMR spectroscopy. A possible correlation between poor productivity and a high number of regioerrors was investigated and is discussed. Furthermore, a C-H activation process in the bulky nBu3C substituent upon activation of 4c (the dimethylated analog of 3c) by B(C6F5)3 has been evidenced by NMR; DFT calculations support this C-H activation as a deactivation mechanism.
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Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Vittoria A, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. Methylaluminoxane’s Molecular Cousin: A Well-defined and “Complete” Al-Activator for Molecular Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Mishra A, Patil HR, Gupta V. Progress in propylene homo- and copolymers using advanced transition metal catalyst systems. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01195b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress on advanced transition metal catalysts for propylene polymerization and copolymerization are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mishra
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Ltd
- Navi Mumbai 400701
- India
| | - Harshad R. Patil
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Ltd
- Navi Mumbai 400701
- India
| | - Virendrakumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Ltd
- Navi Mumbai 400701
- India
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Kirillov E, Carpentier JF. {Cyclopentadienyl/Fluorenyl}-Group 4 ansa-Metallocene Catalysts for Production of Tailor-Made Polyolefins. CHEM REC 2020; 21:357-375. [PMID: 33332719 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of new metallocene-based polymerization catalysts and innovative processes derived thereof still constitutes a challenge for the manufacturing of polyolefinic materials with tailored properties (e. g. particular microstructure or topology, ultra-high molecular weight, high melting transition, and their combinations) for contemporary commercial applications. This personal account summarizes our continuing endeavors to advance the family of industry-relevant stereoselective propylene polymerization catalysts based on C1 -symmetric group 4 ansa-metallocenes incorporating multi-substituted fluorenyl-cyclopentadienyl {Cp/Flu} ligands. Within the framework of this project, valuable structural and catalytic data, harvested both for neutral metallocenes and for metallocenium ion-pairs, have been used for rational design of more efficient catalytic systems, reluctant towards side reactions, and for providing new stereoregular value-added polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgueni Kirillov
- UMR 6226 CNRS - Univ Rennnes, Organometallics: Materials & Catalysis Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- UMR 6226 CNRS - Univ Rennnes, Organometallics: Materials & Catalysis Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042, Rennes, France
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Experimental and Theoretical Study of Zirconocene-Catalyzed Oligomerization of 1-Octene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071590. [PMID: 32708995 PMCID: PMC7407618 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconocene-catalyzed coordination oligomerization of higher α-olefins is of theoretical and practical interest. In this paper, we present the results of experimental and theoretical study of α-olefin oligomerization, catalyzed by (η5-C5H5)]2ZrX21/1′ and O[SiMe2(η5-C5H4)]2ZrX22/2′ (X = Cl, Me) with the activation by modified methylalymoxane MMAO-12 or by perfluoroalkyl borate [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4] (NBF) in the presence and in the absence of organoaluminium compounds, Al(CH2CHMe2)3 (TIBA) and/or Et2AlCl. Under the conditions providing a conventional mononuclear reaction mechanism, 1′ catalyzed dimerization with low selectivity, while 2′ initiated the formation of oligomers in equal mass ratio. The presence of TIBA and especially Et2AlCl resulted in an increase of the selectivity of dimerization. Quantum chemical simulations of the main and side processes performed at the M-06x/ DGDZVP level of the density functional theory (DFT) allowed to explain experimental results involving traditional mononuclear and novel Zr-Al1 and Zr-Al2 mechanistic concepts.
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Tensi L, Froese RDJ, Kuhlman RL, Macchioni A, Zuccaccia C. Interception of Elusive Cationic Hf–Al and Hf–Zn Heterobimetallic Adducts with Mixed Alkyl Bridges Featuring Multiple Agostic Interactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:3758-3766. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tensi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCCUniversità degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | | | | | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCCUniversità degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCCUniversità degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
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Zaccaria F, Sian L, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A. Ion pairing in transition metal catalyzed olefin polymerization. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Sian L, Macchioni A, Zuccaccia C. Understanding the Role of Metallocenium Ion-Pair Aggregates on the Rate of Olefin Insertion into the Metal–Carbon Bond. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sian
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Zirconocene-Catalyzed Dimerization of α-Olefins: DFT Modeling of the Zr-Al Binuclear Reaction Mechanism. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193565. [PMID: 31581621 PMCID: PMC6803839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconocene-mediated selective dimerization of α-olefins usually occurs when precatalyst (η5-C5H5)2ZrCl2 is activated by minimal excess of methylalumoxane (MAO). In this paper, we present the results of density functional theory (DFT) simulation of the initiation, propagation, and termination stages of dimerization and oligomerization of propylene within the framework of Zr-Al binuclear mechanism at M-06x/DGDZVP level of theory. The results of the analysis of the reaction profiles allow to explain experimental facts such as oligomerization of α-olefins at high MAO/(η5-C5H5)2ZrCl2 ratios and increase of the selectivity of dimerization in the presence of R2AlCl. The results of DFT simulations confirm the crucial role of the presence of chloride in the selectivity of dimerization. The molecular hydrogen was found in silico and proven experimentally as an effective agent that increases the rate and selectivity of dimerization.
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Desert X, Proutiere F, Welle A, Den Dauw K, Vantomme A, Miserque O, Brusson JM, Carpentier JF, Kirillov E. Zirconocene-Catalyzed Polymerization of α-Olefins: When Intrinsic Higher Activity Is Flawed by Rapid Deactivation. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Desert
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Fabien Proutiere
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Alexandre Welle
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Katty Den Dauw
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Vantomme
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Olivier Miserque
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Brusson
- Total S.A., Direction R&D Groupe, Tour Michelet A, 24 Cours Michelet − La Défense 10, F-92069 Paris La Défense Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
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Catalyst Speciation During ansa-Zirconocene-Catalyzed Polymerization of 1-Hexene Studied by UV-vis Spectroscopy-Formation and Partial Re-Activation of Zr-Allyl Intermediates. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11060936. [PMID: 31146475 PMCID: PMC6630943 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalyst speciation during polymerization of 1-hexene in benzene or toluene solutions of the catalyst precursor SBIZr(μ-Me)2AlMe2+ B(C6F5)4− (SBI = rac-dimethylsilyl-bis(1-indenyl)) at 23 °C is studied by following the accompanying UV-vis-spectral changes. These indicate that the onset of polymerization catalysis is associated with the concurrent formation of two distinct zirconocene species. One of these is proposed to consist of SBIZr-σ-polyhexenyl cations arising from SBIZr-Me+ (formed from SBIZr(μ-Me)2AlMe2+ by release of AlMe3) by repeated olefin insertions, while the other one is proposed to consist of SBIZr-η3-allyl cations of composition SBIZr-η3-(1-R-C3H4)+ (R = n-propyl), formed by σ-bond metathesis between SBIZr-Me+ and 1-hexene under release of methane. At later reaction stages, all zirconocene-σ–polymeryl cations appear to decay to yet another SBIZr-allyl species, i.e., to cations of the type SBIZr-η3-(x-R-(3-x)-pol-C3H3)+ (pol = i-polyhexenyl, x = 1 or 2). Renewed addition of excess 1-hexene is proposed to convert these sterically encumbered Zr-allyl cations back to catalytically active SBIZr-σ–polymeryl cations within a few seconds, presumably by initial 1-hexene insertion into the η1- isomer, followed by repeated additional insertions, while the initially formed, less crowded allyl cations, SBIZr-η3-(1-R-C3H4)+ appear to remain unchanged. Implications of these results with regard to the kinetics of zirconocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization are discussed.
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18
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Gao Y, Christianson MD, Wang Y, Chen J, Marshall S, Klosin J, Lohr TL, Marks TJ. Unexpected Precatalyst σ-Ligand Effects in Phenoxyimine Zr-Catalyzed Ethylene/1-Octene Copolymerizations. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7822-7830. [PMID: 31017398 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed intense research efforts aimed at developing new homogeneous olefin polymerization catalysts, with a primary focus on metal-Cl or metal-hydrocarbyl precursors. Curiously, metal-NR2 precursors have received far less attention. In this contribution, the Zr-amido complex FI2ZrX2 (FI = 2,4-di- tert-butyl-6-((isobutylimino)methyl)phenolate, X = NMe2) is found to exhibit high ethylene polymerization activity and relatively high 1-octene coenchainment selectivity (up to 7.2 mol%) after sequential activation with trimethylaluminum, then Ph3C+B(C6F5)4-. In sharp contrast, catalysts with traditional hydrocarbyl ligands such as benzyl and methyl give low 1-octene incorporation (0-1.0 mol%). This unexpected selectivity persists under scaled/industrial operating conditions and was previously inaccessible with traditional metal-Cl or -hydrocarbyl precursors. NMR, X-ray diffraction, and catalytic control experiments indicate that in this case an FI ligand is abstracted from FI2Zr(NMe2)2 by trimethylaluminum in the activation process to yield a catalytically active cationic mono-FIZr species. Heretofore this process was believed to serve only as a major catalyst deactivation pathway to be avoided. This work demonstrates the importance of investigating diverse precatalyst monodentate σ-ligands in developing new catalyst systems, especially for group 4 olefin polymerization catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Gao
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Matthew D Christianson
- Corporate R&D , The Dow Chemical Company , 1776 Building , Midland , Michigan 48674 , United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Steve Marshall
- Corporate R&D , The Dow Chemical Company , 1776 Building , Midland , Michigan 48674 , United States
| | - Jerzy Klosin
- Corporate R&D , The Dow Chemical Company , 1776 Building , Midland , Michigan 48674 , United States
| | - Tracy L Lohr
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
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19
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Trinuclear tris(ansa-metallocene) complexes of zirconium and hafnium for olefin polymerization. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Faghih SM, Kianfar E. Modeling of Fluid Bed Reactor of Ethylene Di Chloride Production in Abadan Petrochemical Based on Three-Phase Hydrodynamic Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The catalytic process of ethylene oxychlorination can be split into two steps,uiz.ethylenechlorination with the reduction of cupric chloride and reoxidation of the cuprous chloride by hydrogen chloride and oxygen. The transient process of 1,2-dichloroethane formation was observed by selected ion chromatography using a mass spectrometer. While the reaction exhibited first-order kinetics in regard to the concentration of cupric chloride, the dependency on ethylene concentration was interpreted by a Wachi & Yousuke and Carrubba mechanism. Optimal performance was achieved by impregnating ea. 5 wt % of copper into y-alumina powder and 64% of the copper contained in the alumina powder contributed to the formation of 1,2-dichloroethane.this study, constant adverse reactions were calculated due to the experimental data obtained from Abadan Petrochemical Unit and the speed equation of Wachi was modified. The reaction occurs at three phases of bubble, cloud, and emulsion and by increasing temperature and input gas velocity and keeping all the other parameters constant in several steps, the substrate was investigated and the conversion of ethylene and gross value for each test were calculated. Thus, with the determination of kinetic and dynamic parameters, the proper mathematical model was chosen and using this model, the conversion percent of ethylene was calculated and its actual amount and the percentage of error were calculated and compared based on information obtained from Abadan Petrochemical reactor under different conditions.
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Mehdiabadi S, Soares JBP, Brinen J. Atypical Multiple Site Behavior of Hafnocene Catalysts in Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymerization Using Trioctylaluminum and Borate. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Mehdiabadi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - João B. P. Soares
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Brinen
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77522, United States
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22
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Castro L, Therukauff G, Vantomme A, Welle A, Haspeslagh L, Brusson JM, Maron L, Carpentier JF, Kirillov E. A Theoretical Outlook on the Stereoselectivity Origins of Isoselective Zirconocene Propylene Polymerization Catalysts. Chemistry 2018; 24:10784-10792. [PMID: 29717786 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The first three insertion steps of propylene for isoselective metallocenes from the one-carbon-bridged cyclopentadienyl-fluorenyl {Cp/Flu} and silicon-bridged ansa-bis(indenyl) {SBI} families were computed by using a theoretical method implementing the B3PW91 functional in combination with solvent corrections incorporated with the Solvation Model based on Density (SMD) continuum model. For C1 -symmetric {Cp/Flu}-type metallocenes, two mechanisms of stereocontrol were validated theoretically: more facile and more stereoselective chain "stationary" insertion (or site epimerization backskip) and less stereoselective alternating mechanisms. For the C2 -symmetric {SBI}-type system, the computation results were in complete agreement with the sole operating chain migratory insertion mechanism. The thermochemical data obtained through the study were used to predict microstructures of polypropylenes by using three-parameter and one-parameter statistical models for the two metallocene systems, respectively. The calculated meso/rac pentad distributions were found to be in good agreement with those determined experimentally for isotactic polypropylene samples obtained at different polymerization temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Castro
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS and CNRS, LPCNO, UMR 5215, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France.,Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Aurelien Vantomme
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle C, 7181, Feluy, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Welle
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle C, 7181, Feluy, Belgium
| | - Luc Haspeslagh
- Total S.A., Direction Scientifique, 24 Cours Michelet, 92069, Paris, La Défense Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Michel Brusson
- Total S.A., Direction Scientifique, 24 Cours Michelet, 92069, Paris, La Défense Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS and CNRS, LPCNO, UMR 5215, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
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Ruccolo S, Rauch M, Parkin G. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Tris(isopropylbenzimidazol-2-ylthio)methyl Zinc Complexes, [TitmPriBenz]ZnX: Modulation of Transannular Zn–C Interactions. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ruccolo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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24
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2,2′-Bis(methylene)biphenylidene-bridged bis(3-indenyl) dichloride complexes of Ti, Zr and Hf as catalyst precursors for ethylene polymerization. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Abdelbagi ME, Milius W, Mondal S, van Smaalen S, Alt HG. 1,2-Bis(dimethylsilyl)phenylidene bridged zirconocene and hafnocene dichloride complexes as precatalysts for ethylene polymerization. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Soshnikov IE, Semikolenova NV, Bryliakov KP, Antonov AA, Zakharov VA, Talsi EP. NMR spectroscopic identification of Ni(ii) species formed upon activation of (α-diimine)NiBr2 polymerization catalysts with MAO and MMAO. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4968-4974. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00483h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ion pair [LNiII(μ-Me)2AlMe2]+[MeMAO]− is formed at the initial stage of LNiBr2 activation with MAO, whereas [LNiII–tBu]+[MeMMAO]− prevails in the LNiBr2/MMAO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor E. Soshnikov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - Nina V. Semikolenova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin P. Bryliakov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - Artem A. Antonov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - Vladimir A. Zakharov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - Evgenii P. Talsi
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
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Nifant’ev I, Ivchenko P, Tavtorkin A, Vinogradov A, Vinogradov A. Non-traditional Ziegler-Natta catalysis in α-olefin transformations: reaction mechanisms and product design. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper describes our recent results in the field of zirconocene-catalyzed α-oltfin transformations, and focuses on questions regarding the reaction mechanism, rational design of zirconocene pre-catalysts, as well as prospective uses of α-olefin products. It has been determined that a wide range of α-olefin-based products, namely vinylidene dimers, oligomers and polymers, can be prepared via catalysis by zirconocene dichlorides, activated by a minimal (10–20 eq.) amount of MAO. We assumed that in the presence of minimal quantities of MAO, various types of zirconocene catalysts form different types of catalytic particles. In the case of bis-cyclopentadienyl complexes, the reactive center is formed under the influence of R2AlCl, which makes the chain termination via β-hydride elimination significantly easier, with α-olefin dimers being formed as the primary product. Bis-indenyl complexes and their heteroanalogues, form stable cationic catalytic particles and effectively catalyze the polymerization. Mono-indenyl and mono-substituted bis-cyclopentadienyl-ansa complexes catalyze α-olefin oligomerization. Effective catalysts of dimerization, oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins in the presence of minimal MAO quantities are proposed. Prospects of using α-olefin dimers, oligomers and polymers in the synthesis of branched hydrocarbon functional derivatives (dimers), high quality, low viscosity motor oils (oligomers), and thickeners and absorbents (polymers) are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Nifant’ev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Ivchenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey Vinogradov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Machat MR, Jandl C, Rieger B. Titanocenes in Olefin Polymerization: Sustainable Catalyst System or an Extinct Species? Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Machat
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer
Straße 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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29
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Machat MR, Lanzinger D, Pöthig A, Rieger B. Ultrarigid Indenyl-based Hafnocene Complexes for the Highly Isoselective Polymerization of Propene: Tunable Polymerization Performance Adopting Various Sterically Demanding 4-Aryl Substituents. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Machat
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Dominik Lanzinger
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, GCP/PM-B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer
Straße 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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30
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Mehdiabadi S, Soares JBP, Brinen J. Ethylene Polymerization with a Hafnocene Dichloride Catalyst Using Trioctyl Aluminum and Borate: Polymerization Kinetics and Polymer Characterization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201600044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Mehdiabadi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - João B. P. Soares
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Jeffrey Brinen
- Baytown Technology and Engineering Complex; ExxonMobil Chemical Company; Baytown TX 77522 USA
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31
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Berionni G, Kurouchi H, Eisenburger L, Mayr H. Nucleophilicity of Alkyl Zirconocene and Titanocene Precatalysts, and Kinetics of Activation by Carbenium Ions and by B(C6F5)3. Chemistry 2016; 22:11196-200. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Berionni
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Hiroaki Kurouchi
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Lucien Eisenburger
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
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32
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Wang X, Dorcet V, Luo Y, Carpentier JF, Kirillov E. Synthesis and structure of the first discrete dinuclear cationic aluminum complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12346-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02360f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of discrete mono- and dicationic dinuclear aluminum complexes from the parent charge neutral dinuclear precursors has been studied. The first crystal structure of a dicationic dialuminum complex is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbao Wang
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis laboratories
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- F-35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- Centre de diffraction X
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- F-35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Jean-Francois Carpentier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis laboratories
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- F-35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis laboratories
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- F-35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
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