1
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Amouri H. Luminescent Complexes of Platinum, Iridium, and Coinage Metals Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Design, Structural Diversity, and Photophysical Properties. Chem Rev 2023; 123:230-270. [PMID: 36315851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The employment of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to design luminescent metal compounds has been the focus of recent intense investigations because of the strong σ-donor properties, which bring stability to the whole system and tend to push the d-d dark states so high in energy that they are rendered thermally inaccessible, thereby generating highly emissive complexes for useful applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), or featuring chiroptical properties, a field that is still in its infancy. Among the NHC complexes, those containing organic chromophores such as naphthalimide, pyrene, and carbazole exhibit rich emission behavior and thus have attracted extensive interest in the past five years, especially carbene coinage metal complexes with carbazolate ligands. In this review, the design strategies of NHC-based luminescent platinum and iridium complexes with large spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) are described first. Subsequent paragraphs illustrate the recent advances of luminescent coinage metal complexes with nucleophilic- and electrophilic-based carbenes based on silver, gold, and copper metal complexes that have the ability to display rich excited state emissions in particular via thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The luminescence mechanism and excited state dynamics are also described. We then summarize the advance of NHC-metal complexes in the aforementioned fields in recent years. Finally, we propose the development trend of this fast-growing field of luminescent NHC-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Amouri
- CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), Sorbonne Université-Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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2
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Stipurin S, Strassner T. Phosphorescent Bimetallic C^C* Platinum(
ii
) Complexes with Bridging Substituted Diphenylformamidinates. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202227. [PMID: 36284471 PMCID: PMC10092827 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of phosphorescent bimetallic platinum(II) complexes is presented, which were synthesized by the combination of bidentate cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and different bridging diphenylformamidinates. The complexes were characterized by standard techniques and additionally two solid-state structures could be obtained. Photoluminescence measurements revealed the strong emissive behavior of the compounds with quantum yields of up to 90 % and emission lifetimes of approx. 2 μs. The effect of the substitution pattern in the bridging ligands on the structural and photophysical properties of the complexes was examined in detail and rationalized by density functional theory calculations (PBE0/6-311G*).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
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3
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Stipurin S, Strassner T. Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Platinum(
ii
) Hexahydroimidazo[1,5‐
a
]pyridinylidene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
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4
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Puji Pamungkas KK, Maruyama T, Murai T. 5- N-Arylaminothiazoles with pyridyl groups and their first-row transition metal complexes: synthesis, photophysical properties, and Zn sensing. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14698-14706. [PMID: 35702202 PMCID: PMC9109715 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 5-N-arylaminothiazoles were synthesized with facile diversity-oriented synthesis from readily available starting materials via the reaction of thioamide dianions and thioformamides. The introduction of various substituents at the 2-position of a thiazole ring (i.e., 2-pyridyl, 4-methylpyridyl, and phenyl groups) and on the nitrogen atom (i.e., p-tolyl and phenyl groups) significantly influenced the absorption and emission spectra of the isolated compounds. X-ray analysis confirmed that the substituents at the amino site were twisted from a thiazole ring, while the formation of its nickel complex showed dinuclear metal complexes bridged with chlorine atoms. Moreover, the formation of zinc-thiazole complexes showed enhanced emission properties in solution and noticeable emission in a solid state. In addition, thiazole-bridged dypyrromethene type ligands showed high selectivity toward Zn+2, which make them good candidates for zinc sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurnia Krisna Puji Pamungkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Maruyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Murai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
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5
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Stipurin S, Wurl F, Strassner T. C∧C* Platinum(II) Complexes with PtXPX Metallacycle Forming (X = N and S) Auxiliary Ligands: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Wurl
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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6
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Araškov JB, Višnjevac A, Popović J, Blagojević V, Fernandes HS, Sousa SF, Novaković I, Padrón JM, Holló BB, Monge M, Rodríguez-Castillo M, López-de-Luzuriaga JM, Filipović NR, Todorović TR. Zn( ii) complexes with thiazolyl–hydrazones: structure, intermolecular interactions, photophysical properties, computational study and anticancer activity. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Title ligands and their symmetrical octahedral complexes are not photoluminescent, contrary to other synthesized asymmetrical complexes. In comparison to the ligands, the complexes showed improved antiproliferative activity and lower toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana B. Araškov
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Višnjevac
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Popović
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Blagojević
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Henrique S. Fernandes
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM – Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F. Sousa
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM – Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irena Novaković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Berta Barta Holló
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miguel Monge
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Castillo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - José M. López-de-Luzuriaga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Nenad R. Filipović
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara R. Todorović
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Delfau L, Nichilo S, Molton F, Broggi J, Tomás‐Mendivil E, Martin D. Critical Assessment of the Reducing Ability of Breslow‐type Derivatives and Implications for Carbene‐Catalyzed Radical Reactions**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille France
| | | | - David Martin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS DCM 38000 Grenoble France
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8
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Conceptual advances in the preparation and excited-state properties of neutral luminescent (C^N) and (C^C*) monocyclometalated gold(III) complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Delfau L, Nichilo S, Molton F, Broggi J, Tomás-Mendivil E, Martin D. Critical Assessment of the Reducing Ability of Breslow-type Derivatives and Implications for Carbene-Catalyzed Radical Reactions*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26783-26789. [PMID: 34651408 PMCID: PMC9299025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of acyl azolium salts stemming from thiazolylidenes CNS, triazolylidenes CTN, mesoionic carbenes CMIC and the generation of their corresponding radicals and enolates, covering about 60 Breslow‐type derivatives. This study highlights the role of additives in the redox behavior of these compounds and unveils several critical misconceptions about radical transformations of aldehyde derivatives under N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis. In particular, the reducing ability of enolates has been dramatically underestimated in the case of biomimetic CNS. In contrast with previous electrochemical studies, we show that these catalytic intermediates can transfer electrons to iodobenzene within minutes at room temperature. Enols derived from CMIC are not the previously claimed super electron donors, although enolate derivatives of CNS and CMIC are powerful reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florian Molton
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | | | - David Martin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
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10
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Haque A, El Moll H, Alenezi KM, Khan MS, Wong WY. Functional Materials Based on Cyclometalated Platinum(II) β-Diketonate Complexes: A Review of Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154236. [PMID: 34361430 PMCID: PMC8347388 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Square planar organoplatinum(II) complexes have garnered immense interest in the area of materials research. The combination of the Pt(II) fragment with mono-, bi- tri- and tetradentate organic ligands gives rise to a large variety of complexes with intriguing properties, especially cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes in which ligands are connected through covalent bonds demonstrate higher stability, excellent photoluminescence properties, and diverse applications. The properties and applications of the Pt(II)-based materials can be smartly fine-tuned via a judicious selection of the cyclometalating as well as ancillary ligands. In this review, attempts have been made to provide a brief review of the recent developments of neutral Pt(II) organometallic complexes bearing bidentate cyclometalating ligands and β-diketonate ancillary ligands, i.e., (C^N)Pt(O^O) and (C^C)Pt(O^O) derivatives. Both small (monomeric, dimeric) and large (polymeric) materials have been considered. We critically assessed the role of functionalities (ligands) on photophysical properties and their impact on applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
| | - Hani El Moll
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Khalaf M. Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
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11
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Malmberg R, von Arx T, Hasan M, Blacque O, Shukla A, McGregor SKM, Lo SC, Namdas EB, Venkatesan K. Tunable Light-Emission Properties of Solution-Processable N-Heterocyclic Carbene Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Chemistry 2021; 27:7265-7274. [PMID: 33527569 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) cyclometalated gold(III) complexes remain very scarce and therefore their photophysical properties remain currently underexplored. Moreover, gold(III) complexes emitting in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum are rare. In this work, a series of four phosphorescent gold(III) complexes was investigated bearing four different NHC monocyclometalated (C^C*)-type ligands and a dianionic (N^N)-type ancillary ligand ((N^N)=5,5'-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazole) (mepzH2 )). The complexes exhibit strong phosphorescence when doped in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at room temperature, which were systematically tuned from sky-blue [λPL =456 nm, CIE coordinates: (0.20, 034)] to green [λPL =516 nm, CIE coordinates: (0.31, 0.54)] by varying the monocyclometalated (C^C*) ligand framework. The complexes revealed high quantum efficiencies (ϕPL ) of up to 43 % and excited-state lifetimes (τ0 ) between 15-266 μs. The radiative rate constant values found for these complexes (kr =103 -104 s-1 ) are the highest found in comparison to previously known best-performing monocyclometalated gold(III) complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations of these complexes further lend support to the excited-state nature of these complexes. The calculations showed a significant contribution of the gold(III) metal center in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of up to 18 %, which was found to be unique for this class of cyclometalated gold(III) complexes. Additionally, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated by using a solution process to provide the first insight into the electroluminescent (EL) properties of this new class of gold(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Malmberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Tobias von Arx
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monirul Hasan
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Atul Shukla
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sarah K M McGregor
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shih-Chun Lo
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ebinazar B Namdas
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,MQ Photonics Research Centre, MQ Sustainable Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Stipurin S, Strassner T. Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Imidazolinylidene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
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13
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Rajendiran K, Yoganandham ST, Arumugam S, Arumugam D, Thananjeyan K. An overview of liquid crystalline mesophase transition and photophysical properties of “f block,” “d block,” and (SCO) spin-crossover metallomesogens in the optoelectronics. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Bavi M, Nabavizadeh SM, Hosseini FN, Niknam F, Hamidizadeh P, Hoseini SJ, Raoof F, Abu-Omar MM. Ligand-Mediated C-Br Oxidative Addition to Cycloplatinated(II) Complexes and Benzyl-Me C-C Bond Reductive Elimination from a Cycloplatinated(IV) Complex. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28621-28631. [PMID: 33195914 PMCID: PMC7658948 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the Pt(II) complexes [PtMe2(pbt)], 1a, (pbt = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzothiazole) and [PtMe(C^N)(PPh2Me)] [C^N = deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 1b, or deprotonated benzo[h]quinoline (bhq), 1c] with benzyl bromide, PhCH2Br, is studied. The reaction of 1a with PhCH2Br gave the Pt(IV) product complex [PtBr(CH2Ph)Me2(pbt)]. The major trans isomer is formed in a trans oxidative addition (2a), while the minor cis products (2a' and 2a″) resulted from an isomerization process. A solution of Pt(II) complex 1a in the presence of benzyl bromide in toluene at 70 °C after 7 days gradually gave the dibromo Pt(IV) complex [Pt(Br)2Me2(pbt)], 4a, as determined by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal XRD. The reaction of complexes 1b and 1c with PhCH2Br gave the Pt(IV) complexes [PtMeBr(CH2Ph)(C^N)(PPh2Me)] (C^N = ppy; 2b; C^N = bhq, 2c), in which the phosphine and benzyl ligands are trans. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ruled out other isomers. Attempts to grow crystals of the cycloplatinated(IV) complex 2b yielded a previously reported Pt(II) complex [PtBr(ppy)(PPh2Me)], 3b, presumably from reductive elimination of ethylbenzene. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to study the kinetics of reaction of Pt(II) complexes 1a-1c with benzyl bromide. The data are consistent with a second-order SN2 mechanism and the first order in both the Pt complex and PhCH2Br. The rate of reaction decreases along the series 1a ≫ 1c > 1b. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to support experimental findings and understand the formation of isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Bavi
- Professor Rashidi
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College
of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - S. Masoud Nabavizadeh
- Professor Rashidi
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College
of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Niknam
- Professor Rashidi
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College
of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Peyman Hamidizadeh
- Professor Rashidi
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College
of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - S. Jafar Hoseini
- Professor Rashidi
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College
of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Raoof
- Professor Rashidi
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College
of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Mahdi M. Abu-Omar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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15
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Stout MJ, Skelton BW, Sobolev AN, Raiteri P, Massi M, Simpson PV. Synthesis and Photochemical Properties of Re(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes Bound to Thione and Thiazol-2-ylidene Ligands. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Stout
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences and CMCA, the University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandre N. Sobolev
- School of Molecular Sciences and CMCA, the University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation and School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter V. Simpson
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Pinter P, Strassner T. Prediction of emission wavelengths of phosphorescent NHC based emitters for OLEDs. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of cyclometalated N-Heterocyclic carbene Platinum(II) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Yan X, Li W, Zhang H, Cai W, Wang J, Shen W. DFT/TDDFT insight into the impact of ring size of the NHC chelating unit of high effective phosphorescent Platinum (II) complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wenqian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Huize Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wanlin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Elementary Education; Chongqing Normal University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
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19
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Cebrián C, Mauro M. Recent advances in phosphorescent platinum complexes for organic light-emitting diodes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1459-1481. [PMID: 30013674 PMCID: PMC6037003 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorescent organometallic compounds based on heavy transition metal complexes (TMCs) are an appealing research topic of enormous current interest. Amongst all different fields in which they found valuable application, development of emitting materials based on TMCs have become crucial for electroluminescent devices such as phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs). This interest is driven by the fact that luminescent TMCs with long-lived excited state lifetimes are able to efficiently harvest both singlet and triplet electro-generated excitons, thus opening the possibility to achieve theoretically 100% internal quantum efficiency in such devices. In the recent past, various classes of compounds have been reported, possessing a beautiful structural variety that allowed to nicely obtain efficient photo- and electroluminescence with high colour purity in the red, green and blue (RGB) portions of the visible spectrum. In addition, achievement of efficient emission beyond such range towards ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) regions was also challenged. By employing TMCs as triplet emitters in OLEDs, remarkably high device performances were demonstrated, with square planar platinum(II) complexes bearing π-conjugated chromophoric ligands playing a key role in such respect. In this contribution, the most recent and promising trends in the field of phosphorescent platinum complexes will be reviewed and discussed. In particular, the importance of proper molecular design that underpins the successful achievement of improved photophysical features and enhanced device performances will be highlighted. Special emphasis will be devoted to those recent systems that have been employed as triplet emitters in efficient PhOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Mauro
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS - Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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20
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Soellner J, Strassner T. Diaryl-1,2,3-Triazolylidene Platinum(II) Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:5584-5590. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Soellner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
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21
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Leopold H, Strassner T. 4,5-Substituted C^C* cyclometalated thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(ii) complexes - synthesis and photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:7800-7812. [PMID: 28590491 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of seven novel backbone functionalized N-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(ii) complexes and their photophysical properties. Electronically diverse N-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-thiones were prepared by a reaction of aniline with carbon disulfide and different α-haloketone compounds. Oxidative desulfuration and salt metathesis yielded the desired NHC-precursors with hexafluorophosphate counterions. In addition, a new route for the synthesis of N-phenyl-1,3-benzo[d]thiazole tetrafluoroborate via N-arylation using hypervalent iodine species is presented. All complexes were prepared from the corresponding NHC precursor in a one-pot process using silver(i)oxide, transmetalation to platinum and reaction with the β-diketone acetylacetone under basic conditions. These complexes exhibit strong phosphorescence with quantum yields up to 72% in 2 wt% PMMA films with decay lifetimes of 8.8-12.3 μs. The influence of methyl- and phenyl-groups, and an ester-substituent at the 4- and/or 5-position of the 1,3-thiazole moiety, as well as the N-phenyl-1,3-benzo[d]thiazole-derived motif is discussed. The 4,5-unsubstituted-N-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(ii) acetylacetonato complex served as a reference in this study to evaluate the electronic effects originating from the backbone substitution. All complexes emit in a narrow range of the bluish-green spectrum of the visible light (510 ± 10 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Leopold
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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22
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Belot V, Farran D, Jean M, Albalat M, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C. Steric Scale of Common Substituents from Rotational Barriers of N-(o-Substituted aryl)thiazoline-2-thione Atropisomers. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10188-10200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Belot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Farran
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Muriel Albalat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
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23
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Leopold H, Císařová I, Strassner T. Phosphorescent C∧C* Cyclometalated Thiazol-2-ylidene Iridium(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysics. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Leopold
- Physikalische
Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Charles University Prague, Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische
Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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24
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Jiang X, Chen GH, Gu MQ, Wang Q, Wu D. Theoretical Study and Design of Phosphorescent Cyclometalated (C ∧C*)Pt II(acac) Complexes: The Substituent Effect Controls the Radiative and Nonradiative Decay Processes. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6231-6242. [PMID: 28763208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were performed to evaluate the influence of substituent effect of (1) R = 4-Me, (2) R = 4-OMe, and (3) R = 2,3-OC6H4 on the phenyl ring of (C∧C*)PtII(acac) (C∧C* = phenylimidazole, acac = acetylacetone), respectively, on absorption and phosphorescent spectra properties, as well as the radiative and nonradiative processes. We found that emissions of complexes 2 and 3 originate from the Kasha-like T1 state, whereas that of complex 1 originates from non-Kasha T2 state. Compared with the emission of complex 1, the emission peaks of 2 and 3 are red-shifted, which is attributed to p-π and π-π conjugation effects resulting from the electron-donating groups -OCH3 and -OC6H4 with ligand C∧C*, respectively. The radiative rate constants (κr) of 2 and 3 are larger than that of 1, namely, κr(1) < κr(2) < κr(3), indicating that κr can be efficiently increased by enlarging π-conjugation at the main ligand of (C∧C*)PtII(acac), which can cause the increase of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) matrix elements. At the same time, the activation energy barriers for the rate-limiting step can be largely raised accompanied by enlarging the ability of electron-donation of the substituent group at the main ligand of (C∧C*)PtII(acac), which can cause the decrease of the nonradiative rate constant (κnr), namely, κnr(1) > κnr(2) > κnr(3). According to ΦP = κr/(κr + κnr), the quantum yields should have the sequence ΦP(1) < ΦP(2) < ΦP(3), which is in accordance with the experiment. In addition, to guide experimental synthesis of highly efficient (C∧C*)PtII(acac), a new complex 4 through extending the π-conjugation in the C∧C* ligand of (C∧C*)PtII(acac) was theoretically designed, which has a larger quantum yield than 1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, China
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25
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Shahsavari HR, Babadi Aghakhanpour R, Babaghasabha M, Golbon Haghighi M, Nabavizadeh SM, Notash B. Photophysical properties of a series of cycloplatinated(ii) complexes featuring allyldiphenylphosphane. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00055c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cycloplatinated(ii) complexes 1–4 were synthesized and characterized. All complexes exhibit strong luminescence except 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R. Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan 45137-6731
- Iran
| | - Reza Babadi Aghakhanpour
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan 45137-6731
- Iran
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Mojgan Babaghasabha
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan 45137-6731
- Iran
| | | | | | - Behrouz Notash
- Department of Chemistry
- Shahid Beheshti University
- Tehran 19839-69411
- Iran
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26
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Leopold H, Heinemeyer U, Wagenblast G, Münster I, Strassner T. Changing the Emission Properties of Phosphorescent C^C*-Cyclometalated Thiazol-2-ylidene Platinum(II) Complexes by Variation of the β-Diketonate Ligands. Chemistry 2016; 23:1118-1128. [PMID: 27859741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(II) complexes based on the N-phenyl-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand and seven different β-diketonate ligands have been synthesised and investigated for their structural and photophysical properties. The complexes were synthesised in a one-pot procedure starting with the in situ formation of the corresponding silver(I) carbene and transmetalation to platinum, followed by the reaction with the respective β-diketonate under basic conditions. All the compounds were fully characterised by standard techniques, including 195 Pt NMR spectroscopy. Three solid-state structures revealed quite different aggregation behaviour depending on the β-diketonate architecture. The reported complexes showed strong phosphorescence at room temperature in amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate) films. The emission wavelengths (ca. 510 nm) were found to be independent of the β-diketonate ligand, but the electronically diverse β-diketonates strongly influence the observed quantum yields (QY) and decay lifetimes. The results of theoretical studies employing density functional theory (DFT) methods support the conclusion of a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3 MLCT) as the main emission process, in accordance with the reported photophysical properties. Standard organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) prepared with unoptimised matrix materials using one of the complexes showed values of 12.3 % external quantum yield, 24.0 lm W-1 luminous efficacy and 37.8 cd A-1 current efficiency at 300 cd m-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Leopold
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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27
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Leopold H, Strassner T. Phosphorescent Thiazol-2-ylidene Platinum(II) Complexes with β-Ketoiminates: Single Isomer Formation by Ligand Architecture. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Leopold
- Physikalische Organische
Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische
Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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28
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Huckaba AJ, Nazeeruddin MK. Strategies for Tuning Emission Energy in Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2016.1207064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Monticelli M, Tubaro C, Baron M, Basato M, Sgarbossa P, Graiff C, Accorsi G, Pell TP, Wilson DJD, Barnard PJ. Metal complexes with di(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands bearing a rigid ortho-, meta or para-phenylene bridge. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9540-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ag(i) complexes with diNHC ligands are efficient transmetalating agents towards transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Marco Baron
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Marino Basato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Paolo Sgarbossa
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43100 Parma
- Italy
| | - Gianluca Accorsi
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne
- University of Salento
- 73100 Lecce
- Italy
| | - Thomas P. Pell
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Australia
| | - Peter J. Barnard
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Australia
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30
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Xu Y, Luo Y, Zhang W, Li W, Li M, Shen W. Theoretical study and design of cyclometalated platinum complexes bearing innovatively a highly-rigid terdentate ligand with carboranyl as a chelating unit. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14653h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphorescence quantum efficiency can be greatly enhanced through suppression of the non-emissive 3MC population by modifications in the ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Yafei Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Wenqian Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
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