1
|
Dietl MC, Maag M, Ber S, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Caligiuri I, Andele PK, Mkhalid IAI, Rizzolio F, Nogara PA, Orian L, Scattolin T, Hashmi ASK. Comparative study of the antiproliferative activity of heterometallic carbene gold(i)-platinum(ii) and gold(i)-palladium(ii) complexes in cancer cell lines. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04585h. [PMID: 39246355 PMCID: PMC11376197 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04585h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The stepwise, one-pot synthesis of heterobimetallic carbene gold(i) platinum(ii) complexes from readily available starting materials is presented. The protecting group free methodology is based on the graduated nucleophilicities of aliphatic and aromatic amines as linkers between both metal centers. This enables the selective, sequential installation of the metal fragments. In addition, the obtained complexes were tested as potential anticancer agents and directly compared to their gold(i) palladium(ii) counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Melina Maag
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sophia Ber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2 33081 Aviano Italy
| | - Pacome K Andele
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2 33081 Aviano Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155 30174 Venezia-Mestre Italy
| | - Ibraheem A I Mkhalid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2 33081 Aviano Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155 30174 Venezia-Mestre Italy
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul) Av. Leonel de Moura Brizola, 2501 96418-400 Bagé RS Brazil
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hussein AA, Ariffin A. Remote Steric and Electronic Effects of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands on Alkene Reactivity and Regioselectivity toward Hydrocupration Reactions: The Role of Expanded-Ring N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13009-13021. [PMID: 37649423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The remote groups in N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have a significant influence on metal-catalyzed reactions. We examine how remote bulkiness, electronic groups, and expanded-ring NHCs (ER-NHCs) influence alkene reactivity and regioselectivity toward hydrocupration using density functional theory calculations. The impact of remote steric bulkiness on the Cu-H insertion rate is analyzed, revealing a strong correlation between the steric substituent constant and rate ratio, where a bulky group increases the rate due to reduced steric effects in the transition state (TS). The steric properties of the examined catalysts (with a remote group R2 = CPh3, CHPh2, CH2Ph, CH3, and H) and their corresponding TSs are found to be modulated greatly by the remote steric substitution group and the ring size of the NHC ligand. Enhanced bulkiness enhances the nucleophilic Cu-H moiety. The remote electronic groups have a smaller impact on insertion barrier compared to that of steric hindrance. Furthermore, ER-NHC exploration indicates that NHCs with over five-membered rings have a significantly negative influence on the reaction rate. Finally, with a highly bulky group (R2 = CPh3), anti-Markovnikov insertion preference is attributed to high interaction energy and improved steric properties. Overall, our findings here provide valuable insights for the development of a more effective catalyst in metal-catalyzed reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel A Hussein
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region 46001, Iraq
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qassim, Babylon 51013, Iraq
| | - Azhar Ariffin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ali HS, Hussein AA, Obies M. Impact of counteranions on N-heterocyclic carbene gold(i)-catalyzed cyclization of propargylic amide. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2896-2902. [PMID: 36756396 PMCID: PMC9850360 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06210k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Au(i)-catalyzed organic synthesis has recently been receiving increasing attention, especially with the activation of alkynes. In contrast, counteranions, being widely problematic in Au(i)-catalyzed transformations, are commonly considered as innocent partners and are not respectably included in a computational model. Herein, we report density functional theory (DFT) investigations of the Au(i)-catalyzed cyclization of propargylic amides to exploit the mechanistic effect of several counteranions to shed some light for further future developments. Among the counteranions used in this study, NTf2 -, ClO4 -, TsO-, TFA-, TfO-, MsO-, and SbF6 -, both the cyclization and protodeauration step favor the 5-exo-dig product over the 6-endo-dig product when the alkyne moiety is terminated with hydrogen. These anions reveal a crucial influence on the energy profile through lowering the barriers of the reaction. Mechanistically, the results obtained from all counteranions show that the protodeauration is slower than the cyclization. By using an energetic span model, the results clearly indicate that the rate-determining state is the protodeauration step for all counteranions, and thus protodeauration is the turnover-limiting step. The turnover frequency (TOF) results for the formation of the 5-exo-dig product show cyclization reactivity in the order of MsO- > TFA- > ClO4 - > NTf2 - > TfO- > TsO- ≫ SbF6 -, whereas an order of TFA- > MsO- > NTf2 - > TfO- ≈ ClO4 - > SbF6 - ⋙ TsO- is calculated for the protodeauration, suggesting that SbF6 - and TsO- are disfavored due to their slow protodeauration. In this regard, and for the 6-endo-dig pathway, our conclusions demonstrate an order of TfO- > TFA- > MsO- > NTf2 - > ClO4 - > TsO- ⋙ SbF6 - for the cyclization and TFA- > TsO- > MsO- > TfO- > NTf2 - > ClO4 - ⋙ SbF6 - for the protodeauration, advocating that the anions SbF6 -, NTf2 - and ClO4 - are unlikely partners for the 6-endo-dig pathway because of their slow protodeauration. Finally, the findings here advise that any engineering of the counteranion to increase the efficiency of catalytic system would be more effective on the protodeauration step rather than the cyclization step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Saqib Ali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxford OX1 3TAUK
| | - Aqeel A. Hussein
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and TechnologySulaymaniyah 46001Kurdistan RegionIraq
| | - Mohammed Obies
- College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon51002HillahBabylonIraq
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hobsteter A, Badajoz MA, Lo Fiego MJ, Silbestri GF. Galactopyranoside-Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Stability, and Catalytic Applications to Alkyne Hydration. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21788-21799. [PMID: 35785281 PMCID: PMC9245165 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel gold(I) complexes bearing galactopyranoside-based N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been synthesized via transmetalation of the corresponding Ag(I) complex. Gold(I) complexes have been characterized by NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and elemental analysis. An exhaustive NMR analysis shows that the complexes are not stable when hydroxyl groups are deprotected. Catalytic studies, using the alkyne hydration as a model reaction, indicate that the synthesized complexes are active and reusable.
Collapse
|
5
|
Malchau C, Fries DV, Mees Y, Jakobs MF, Sun Y, Becker S, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Thiel WR. Transition metal complexes of NHC ligands functionalized with the cationic (η5‐cyclopentadienyl)(η6‐phenyl)iron(II) motif. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Malchau
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Daniela V. Fries
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Yannik Mees
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Marisa F. Jakobs
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Yu Sun
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sabine Becker
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | | | - Werner R. Thiel
- TU Kaiserslautern FB Chemie Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dietl MC, Vethacke V, Keshavarzi A, Mulks FF, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Mkhalid IAI, Hashmi ASK. Synthesis of Heterobimetallic Gold(I) Palladium(II) Bis(acyclic diaminocarbene) Complexes via the Isonitrile Route. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C. Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Vethacke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Keshavarzi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian F. Mulks
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ibraheem A. I. Mkhalid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He F, Gourlaouen C, Pang H, Braunstein P. Influence of the Flexibility of Nickel PCP‐Pincer Complexes on C−H and P−C Bond Activation and Ethylene Reactivity: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104234. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengkai He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 Jiangsu P. R. China
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS) Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg France
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS) Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg France
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS) Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma Y, Ali HS, Hussein AA. A mechanistic study on the gold(i)-catalyzed cyclization of propargylic amide: revealing the impact of expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbenes. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) was applied to understand the mechanistic pathway of the gold(i)-catalyzed cyclization of propargylic amide, and to reveal the impact of expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Ma
- BSJ Institute, Haidian, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen'er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hafiz Saqib Ali
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Rd, Kings Buildings, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aqeel A. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhan L, Zhu M, Liu L, Wang J, Xie C, Zhang J. Synthesis of MAuAg (M = Ni, Pd, or Pt) and NiAuCu Heterotrimetallic Complexes Ligated by a Tritopic Carbanionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16035-16041. [PMID: 34648263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimetallic complexes (NiAuAg, PdAuAg, PtAuAg, and NiAuCu) containing a tritopic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) have been synthesized for the first time through the deprotonation and metalation of heterodimetallic complexes and were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The carbene character of the donor groups in the tritopic NHC complexes was established on the basis of structural and NMR analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Congyun Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vethacke V, Claus V, Dietl MC, Ehjeij D, Meister A, Huber JF, Paschai Darian LK, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Access to Unsymmetrically Substituted Diaryl Gold N‐Acyclic Carbene (NAC) and N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes via the Isonitrile Route. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vethacke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Vanessa Claus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin C. Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Ehjeij
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Arne Meister
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jonas F. Huber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Leon K. Paschai Darian
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cervantes‐Reyes A, Saxl T, Stein PM, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Asiri AM, Hashmi ASK. Expanded Ring NHC Silver Carboxylate Complexes as Efficient and Reusable Catalysts for the Carboxylative Cyclization of Unsubstituted Propargylic Derivatives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2367-2374. [PMID: 33687152 PMCID: PMC8252382 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stabilized by a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene [BP DPr, 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,3-diazonine-2-ylidene] ligand, new silver carboxylate complexes of the form BP DPrAgO2 C-R (R=Me, Ph) have been synthesized and fully characterized in solution and in the solid state and implemented as sole catalysts (base-, additive-, and, in some cases, solvent-free) in the challenging fixation of carbon dioxide to unsubstituted propargylic derivatives for the synthesis of oxazolidinones and α-methylene cyclic carbonates. Derived from X-ray diffraction studies, the molecular geometry and the concept of buried volume were employed to describe the structural and steric features of these silver complexes. Their stability and efficiency as catalysts have been demonstrated by the synthesis of 29 carboxylation products (72-98 % yield) at low catalyst loadings (0.01-1.5 mol%). Characteristics are high turnover numbers (up to 9400), catalyst recyclability (up to 96 % yield after the 7th cycle with no decomposition of the silver complex), and the possibility to scale-up the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Saxl
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Philipp M. Stein
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Strausser SL, Jenkins DM. Synthesis of d10 N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes with a Perimidine Scaffold. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Strausser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jónsson HF, Orthaber A, Fiksdahl A. Studies on gold(I) and gold(III) alcohol functionalised NHC complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5128-5138. [PMID: 33720256 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Five pairs of novel chiral alcohol functionalised gold(i) and gold(iii) NHC complexes derived from chiral amino alcohols, were synthesized and characterised (NMR, IR, HRMS). Single crystal X-ray diffraction data of gold(i) and gold(iii) complexes are reported and discussed. The chiral imidazolium preligands were readily synthesized via the oxalamides, subsequent reduction and final orthoformate condensation. An improved method was used for generation of gold(i) NHC complexes (up to 92%) and further oxidation afforded the corresponding gold(iii) NHC complexes (up to 99%). All the Au(i) and Au(iii) NHC complexes proved far more catalytically active in a 1,6-enyne alkoxycyclization test reaction than our previously tested N,N- and P,N-ligated Au(iii) complexes. Comparative gold(i) and gold(iii) catalytic studies demonstrated different catalytic ability, depending on the NHC ligand flexibility and bulkiness. Excellent yields (92-99%) of target alkoxycyclization product were obtained with both gold(i) and gold(iii) complexes with the bulky N1-Mes-N2-ethanol based NHC ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helgi Freyr Jónsson
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Organic Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Fiksdahl
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sheikh KUN, Amin H, Haque RA, Abdul Majid AS, Yaseen M, Iqbal MA. An overview of synthetic methodologies of organometallic and coordination compounds of gold. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1866176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hira Amin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faislababd, Pakistan
| | - Rosenani A Haque
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faislababd, Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faislababd, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin B, Zhang X, Zhou CY, Che CM. A PEGylated N-heterocyclic carbene-gold( i) complex: an efficient catalyst for cyclization reaction in water. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A recyclable, PEGylated N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)–gold(i) catalyst was synthesized, which exhibited high reactivity and regio-selectivity in the cyclization of alkynoic acids and cascade reaction of tryptamine and alkynoic acids in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518000
- China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Haziz UF, Haque RA, Zhan S, Abdallah HH, Razali MR. Dinuclear gold (I)‐di‐
N
‐heterocyclic carbene complexes: syntheses, structure, density functional theory calculation and photoluminescence study. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umie F.M. Haziz
- School of Chemical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM Penang Malaysia
| | - Rosenani A. Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM Penang Malaysia
| | - Shun‐Ze Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Hassan H. Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, College of Education Salahaddin University Erbil 44001 Iraq
| | - Mohd R. Razali
- School of Chemical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM Penang Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fernández GA, Schiel MA, Silbestri GF. On the catalytic activation of water-soluble NHC-Au(I) complexes by sonication and microwave irradiation: A comparative assessment. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
18
|
Preparation and self-aggregation properties of a series of pyrene-imidazolylidene complexes of gold (I). J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
19
|
Cervantes‐Reyes A, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Sterically Demanding Ag I and Cu I N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, Steric Parameters, and Catalytic Activity. Chemistry 2020; 26:5530-5540. [PMID: 32104933 PMCID: PMC7216994 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and full characterization of new air-stable AgI and CuI complexes bearing structurally bulky expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbene (erNHC) ligands is presented. The condensation of protonated NHC salts with Ag2 O afforded a collection of AgI complexes, and their first use as ligand transfer reagents led to novel isostructural CuI or AuI complexes. In situ deprotonation of the NHC salts in the presence of a copper(I) source, provides a library of new CuI complexes. The solid-state structures feature large N-CNHC -N angles (118-128°) and almost identical angles between the aryl groups on the nitrogen atoms and the plane of the N-C-N unit of the carbene (i.e. torsion angles close to 0°). Among the steric parameters, the percent buried volume (%Vbur ) values span easily in the 50-57 % range, and that one of (9-Dipp)CuBr complex (%Vbur =57.5) overcomes to other known erNHC-metal complexes reported to date. Preliminary catalytic experiments in the copper-catalyzed coupling between N-tosylhydrazone and phenylacetylene, afforded 76-93 % product at the 0.5-2.5 mol % catalyst loading, proving the stability of CuI erNHC complexes at elevated temperatures (100 °C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gold(I) Complexes with Eight‐Membered NHC Ligands: Synthesis, Structures and Catalytic Activity. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
Wang B, Koshino K, Kinjo R. Bicyclic (amino)(borata)carbene derived from diazadiborinine and isonitrile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13012-13014. [PMID: 31603151 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 1,4,2,5-diazadiborinine (1) with two equivalents of an aryl isonitrile afforded a bicyclic product containing an indole unit (2) or ketenimine moiety (3), suggesting the generation of a B,N-carbene intermediate formed via a [4+2] cycloaddition reaction in the initial step. The employment of the tolyl(phenyl isonitrile)gold complex (PhNCAuTol) as the substrate allowed the bicyclic (amino)(borata)carbene gold complexes (4, 5) to be accessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Kota Koshino
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cervantes‐Reyes A, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Gold(I) Complexes Stabilized by Nine- and Ten-Membered N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:11745-11757. [PMID: 31310385 PMCID: PMC6852534 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nine- and ten-membered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been developed and for the first time their gold(I) complexes were synthesized. The protonated NHC pro-ligands 2 a-h were prepared by the reaction of readily available N,N'-diarylformamidines with bis-electrophilic building blocks, followed by anion exchange. In situ deprotonation of the tetrafluoroborates 2 a-h with tBuOK in the presence of AuCl(SMe2 ) provided fast access to NHC-gold(I) complexes 3-10. These new NHC-gold(I) complexes show very good catalytic activity in a cycloisomerization reaction (0.1 mol % catalyst loading, up to 100 % conversion) and their solid-state structures reveal high steric hindrance around the metal atom (%Vbur up to 53.0) which is caused by their expanded-ring architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sampford KR, Carden JL, Kidner EB, Berry A, Cavell KJ, Murphy DM, Kariuki BM, Newman PD. Twisting the arm: structural constraints in bicyclic expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1850-1858. [PMID: 30652174 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04462g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of diaryl, mono-aryl/alkyl and dialkyl mono- and bicyclic expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbenes (ER-NHCs) have been prepared and their complexation to Au(i) investigated through the structural analysis of fifteen Au(NHC)X and/or [Au(NHC)2]X complexes. The substituted diaryl 7-NHCs are the most sterically encumbered with large buried volume (%VB) values of 40-50% with the less flexible six-membered analogues having %VB values at least 5% smaller. Although the bicyclic systems containing fused 6- and 7-membered rings (6,7-NHCs) are constrained with relatively acute NCN bond angles, they have the largest %VB values of the dialkyl derivatives reported here, a feature related to the fixed conformation of the heterocyclic rings and the compressional effect of a pre-set methyl substituent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie L Carden
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Edward B Kidner
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Abigail Berry
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Damien M Murphy
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Paul D Newman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Svahn N, Moro AJ, Roma-Rodrigues C, Puttreddy R, Rissanen K, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. The Important Role of the Nuclearity, Rigidity, and Solubility of Phosphane Ligands in the Biological Activity of Gold(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:14654-14667. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noora Svahn
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Artur J. Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Monte de Caparica Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center; University of Jyvaskyla; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center; University of Jyvaskyla; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Monte de Caparica Portugal
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB); Universitat de Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nuevo D, Poyatos M, Peris E. A Dinuclear Au(I) Complex with a Pyrene-di-N-heterocyclic Carbene Linker: Supramolecular and Catalytic Studies. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nuevo
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gómez-Suárez A, Nelson DJ, Nolan SP. Quantifying and understanding the steric properties of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:2650-2660. [PMID: 28203667 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article presents and discusses the use of different methods to quantify and explore the steric impact of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands. These include (a) the percent buried volume (%Vbur), which provides a convenient single number to measure steric impact and (b) steric maps, which provide a graphical representation of the steric profile of a ligand using colour-coded contour maps. A critical discussion of the scope and limitations of these tools is presented, along with some examples of their use in organometallic chemistry and catalysis. This Article should provide all users of NHCs, from organic, organometallic, and inorganic chemistry backgrounds, with an appreciation of how these tools can be used to quantify and compare their steric properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry Institute, WWU Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 - S3, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Singh C, Prakasham AP, Gangwar MK, Butcher RJ, Ghosh P. One-Pot Tandem Hiyama Alkynylation/Cyclizations by Palladium(II) Acyclic Diaminocarbene (ADC) Complexes Yielding Biologically Relevant Benzofuran Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1740-1756. [PMID: 31458491 PMCID: PMC6641338 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of palladium acyclic diaminocarbene (ADC) complexes of the type cis-[(R1NH)(R2)methylidene]PdCl2(CNR1) [R1 = 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2: R2 = NC5H10 (2); NC4H8 (3); NC4H8O (4)] were used not only to perform the Csp2 -Csp Hiyama coupling between aryl iodide and triethoxysilylalkynes but also to subsequently carry out the one-pot tandem Hiyama alkynylation/cyclization reaction between 2-iodophenol and triethoxysilylalkynes, giving a convenient time-efficient access to the biologically relevant benzofuran compounds. The palladium ADC complexes (2-4) were conveniently synthesized by the nucleophilic addition of secondary amines, namely, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and morpholine on the cis-{(2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2)NC}2PdCl2 in moderate yields (ca. 61-66%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - A. P. Prakasham
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gangwar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Raymond J. Butcher
- Department
of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, United States
| | - Prasenjit Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ellul CE, Lowe JP, Mahon MF, Raithby PR, Whittlesey MK. [Ru3(6-NHC)(CO)10]: synthesis, characterisation and reactivity of rare 46-electron tri-ruthenium clusters. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4518-4523. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The room temperature reaction of 6-membered ring N-heterocyclic carbenes with [Ru3(CO)12] affords [Ru3(6-NHC)(CO)10], rare examples of coordinatively unsaturated, 46-electron tri-ruthenium clusters. Upon mild heating in the presence of C5H5N, H2 or PPh3, these compounds lose carbene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John P. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down
- UK
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down
- UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zargaran P, Wurm T, Zahner D, Schießl J, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. A Structure-Based Activity Study of Highly Active Unsymmetrically Substituted NHC Gold(I) Catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Poorya Zargaran
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas Wurm
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - David Zahner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jasmin Schießl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Katkova SA, Kinzhalov MA, Tolstoy PM, Novikov AS, Boyarskiy VP, Ananyan AY, Gushchin PV, Haukka M, Zolotarev AA, Ivanov AY, Zlotsky SS, Kukushkin VY. Diversity of Isomerization Patterns and Protolytic Forms in Aminocarbene PdII and PtII Complexes Formed upon Addition of N,N′-Diphenylguanidine to Metal-Activated Isocyanides. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Katkova
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Kinzhalov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Peter M. Tolstoy
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim P. Boyarskiy
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiia Yu. Ananyan
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoii Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V. Gushchin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Andrey A. Zolotarev
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Yu. Ivanov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Semen S. Zlotsky
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Kosmonavtov 1, 420062 Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoii Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wurm T, Hornung J, O'Neill M, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Synthesis of Ester- and Phosphonate-Functionalized Au I -Imidazolylidene Chlorides through the Isonitrile Route. Chemistry 2017; 23:5143-5147. [PMID: 28236328 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Starting from DMSAuCl, isonitriles and functionalized propargylammonium salts in the presence of simple trimethylamine as auxiliary base, unsymmetrically substituted ester- and phosphonate-functionalized AuI -imidazolylidene complexes were synthesized in an easy-to-use modular one-pot template synthesis. In the course of the reaction, after the initial nucleophilic addition of the amine to the gold(I)-activated isonitrile, a Michael addition closes the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ring. Then the remaining double bond migrates into the NHC ring, evidently a more stable position than the initial exocyclic double bond. These functional groups attached to the back bone of the NHC ligands represent ideal handles for a further modification of the system, for example an attachment to larger assemblies or heterogenization by an attachment to surfaces are conceivable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wurm
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthew O'Neill
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kuznetsov ML, Kukushkin VY. Diversity of reactivity modes upon interplay between Au(iii)-bound isocyanides and cyclic nitrones: a theoretical consideration. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:786-802. [PMID: 28001162 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal-bound isocyanides demonstrate a very rich chemistry towards 1,3-dipoles of the allyl anion type such as nitrones. Depending on the metal centre, dipole nature and substituent in isocyanides, cycloadducts, imine + isocyanates or metallacycles may be formed. In this work, the reasons for such diversity, intimate details of the reaction mechanism and main factors determining the chemoselectivity in the reaction between Au(iii)-bound isocyanides ([AuCl3(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]NR)]) and cyclic nitrones -O-N[combining low line]+[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)XXX[combining low line] (XXX = CH2CH2CMe2, CH2CH2CH2, OCH2CMe2, CH2OCMe2 and CH2CH2O) are analysed in detail by theoretical (DFT) methods. The formation of cycloadducts is controlled by the LUMOπ*(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N) of isocyanides and it occurs in a stepwise manner via the initial nucleophilic addition of nitrone at the C atom of C[triple bond, length as m-dash]NR (except for nitronate -O-N[combining low line]+[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)CH2CH2O[combining low line]). The imine + isocyanate products are formed upon oxygen transfer from nitrones to isocyanides, and N-O bond cleavage is the main factor determining this process. A metallacycle is formed upon decomposition of the cycloadduct, and this process includes deprotonation of the oxadiazoline CH group/N-O bond cleavage and Cl- elimination/cyclization. The main factor controlling the metallacycle formation is the acidity of the endocyclic CH group in the cycloadduct. Effects of the substituent R in C[triple bond, length as m-dash]NR and the nitrone nature on the reactivity are analysed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim L Kuznetsov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal. and International Group on Organometallic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- International Group on Organometallic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rottschäfer D, Schürmann CJ, Lamm JH, Paesch AN, Neumann B, Ghadwal RS. Abnormal-NHC Palladium(II) Complexes: Rational Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, and Catalytic Activity. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian J. Schürmann
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander N. Paesch
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|