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Su K, Vázquez O. Enlightening epigenetics: optochemical tools illuminate the path. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:290-304. [PMID: 38350805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Optochemical tools have become potent instruments for understanding biological processes at the molecular level, and the past decade has witnessed their use in epigenetics and epitranscriptomics (also known as RNA epigenetics) for deciphering gene expression regulation. By using photoresponsive molecules such as photoswitches and photocages, researchers can achieve precise control over when and where specific events occur. Therefore, these are invaluable for studying both histone and nucleotide modifications and exploring disease-related mechanisms. We systematically report and assess current examples in the field, and identify open challenges and future directions. These outstanding proof-of-concept investigations will inspire other chemical biologists to participate in these emerging fields given the potential of photochromic molecules in research and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg D-35043, Germany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg D-35043, Germany; Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University of Marburg, Marburg D-35043, Germany.
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2
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Photocaged Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Prodrugs in Targeted Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030356. [PMID: 36986455 PMCID: PMC10056348 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a key role in the control of transcription, cell proliferation, and migration. FDA-approved histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) demonstrate clinical efficacy in the treatment of different T-cell lymphomas and multiple myeloma. However, due to unselective inhibition, they display a wide range of adverse effects. One approach to avoiding off-target effects is the use of prodrugs enabling a controlled release of the inhibitor in the target tissue. Herein, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of HDACi prodrugs with photo-cleavable protecting groups masking the zinc-binding group of the established HDACi DDK137 (I) and VK1 (II). Initial decaging experiments confirmed that the photocaged HDACi pc-I could be deprotected to its parent inhibitor I. In HDAC inhibition assays, pc-I displayed only low inhibitory activity against HDAC1 and HDAC6. After irradiation with light, the inhibitory activity of pc-I strongly increased. Subsequent MTT viability assays, whole-cell HDAC inhibition assays, and immunoblot analysis confirmed the inactivity of pc-I at the cellular level. Upon irradiation, pc-I demonstrated pronounced HDAC inhibitory and antiproliferative activities which were comparable to the parent inhibitor I. Additionally, only phototreated pc-I was able to induce apoptosis in Annexin V/PI and caspase-Glo 3/7 assays, making pc-I a valuable tool for the development of light-activatable HDACi.
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3
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Amarsy I, Papot S, Gasser G. Stimuli‐Responsive Metal Complexes for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205900. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Amarsy
- Chimie ParisTech PSL University, CNRS Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Sébastien Papot
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) Université de Poitiers, CNRS Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech PSL University, CNRS Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
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4
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Sakamoto K, Hirano A, Hidaka R, Suzuki AZ, Ueno T, Furuta T. Elucidation of the working principle of a gene-directed caged HDAC inhibitor with cell-type selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10484-10487. [PMID: 36040293 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play crucial roles in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Here, we report CM-Bhc-SAHA, a novel caged HDAC inhibitor, genetically targeting cells of interest. Mammalian cells expressing porcine liver esterase led to the optochemical inhibition of endogenous HDAC activity when treated with CM-Bhc-SAHA and irradiated with 405 nm light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotoko Sakamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Hirano
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Rika Hidaka
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Akinobu Z Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Taro Ueno
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Furuta
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan.
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5
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Amarsy I, Papot S, Gasser G. Stimuli‐Responsive Metal Complexes for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Amarsy
- Chimie ParisTech - PSL: Ecole nationale superieure de chimie de Paris PSL University FRANCE
| | - Sébastien Papot
- Université de Poitiers: Universite de Poitiers Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) FRANCE
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Universite PSL Chimie ParisTech 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris FRANCE
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6
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Laczi D, Johnstone MD, Fleming CL. Photoresponsive Small Molecule Inhibitors for the Remote Control of Enzyme Activity. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200200. [PMID: 35446477 PMCID: PMC9322446 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of new and effective therapeutics is reliant on the ability to study the underlying mechanisms of potential drug targets in live cells and multicellular systems. A persistent challenge in many drug development programmes is poor selectivity, which can obscure the mechanisms involved and lead to poorly understood modes of action. In efforts to improve our understanding of these complex processes, small molecule inhibitors have been developed in which their OFF/ON therapeutic activity can be toggled using light. Photopharmacology is devoted to using light to modulate drugs. Herein, we highlight the recent progress made towards the development of light‐responsive small molecule inhibitors of selected enzymatic targets. Given the size of this field, literature from 2015 onwards has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Laczi
- Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mark D Johnstone
- Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Cassandra L Fleming
- Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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7
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Gallardo-Villagrán M, Paulus L, Champavier Y, Leger DY, Therrien B, Liagre B. Combination of tetrapyridylporphyrins and arene ruthenium(II) complexes to treat synovial sarcoma by photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424622500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Four tetrapyridylporphyrin and four dipyridylporphyrin arene ruthenium complexes have been synthesized and characterized. In these complexes, the porphyrin core is either metal-free or occupied by zinc, and the arene ligand of the arene ruthenium units are either the standard methyl-isopropyl-benzene ([Formula: see text]cymene) or the less common phenylpropanol (PhPrOH) derivative. The porphyrin derivatives are coordinated to four arene ruthenium units or only two, in accordance with the number of pyridyl substituents at the periphery of the porphyrins, 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPyP) and 5,15-diphenyl-10,20-di(pyridin-4-yl)porphyrin (DPhDPyP). All eight complexes were evaluated as anticancer agents on synovial sarcoma cells, in the presence and absence of light, suggesting that both the arene ligand and the porphyrin core substituent can play a crucial role in fine-tuning the photodynamic activity of such organometallic photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gallardo-Villagrán
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, F-87025 Limoges, France
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Paulus
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Yves Champavier
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, F-87025 Limoges, France
- BISCEm, NMR platform, Centre de Biologie et de Recherche en Santé (CBRS), Limoges, France
| | - David Yannick Leger
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, F-87025 Limoges, France
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8
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Věžník J, Konhefr M, Fohlerová Z, Lacina K. Redox-dependent cytotoxicity of ferrocene derivatives and ROS-activated prodrugs based on ferrocenyliminoboronates. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111561. [PMID: 34385077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Four ferrocene derivatives - ferrocenecarboxylic acid, ferrocenium salt, ferroceneboronic acid, and aminoferrocene - were characterized electrochemically, and their cytotoxicity was probed using cancer cells (line MG-63). We related the observed cytotoxicity with the determined redox potentials of these four ferrocenes - aminoferrocene with its lowest redox potential exhibited the highest cytotoxicity. Thus, we synthesized four derivatives consisting of aminoferrocene and phenylboronic acid residue with the intent to employ them as ROS-activated prodrugs (ROS - reactive oxygen species). We characterized them and studied their time-dependent stability in aqueous environments. Then, we performed electrochemical measurements at oxidative conditions to confirm ROS-responsivity of the synthesized molecules. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the synthesized molecules was tested using cancer MG-63 cells and noncancerous NIH-3T3 cells. The experiments revealed sought behaviour, especially for para-regioisomers of synthesized ferrocenyliminoboronates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Věžník
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Konhefr
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fohlerová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic; Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, Brno 61600, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Lacina
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
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9
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Troelsen KS, Calder EDD, Skwarska A, Sneddon D, Hammond EM, Conway SJ. Zap-Pano: a Photocaged Prodrug of the KDAC Inhibitor Panobinostat. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3691-3700. [PMID: 34259396 PMCID: PMC9291796 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a light‐activated (caged) prodrug of the KDAC inhibitor panobinostat (Zap‐Pano). We demonstrate that addition of the 4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrobenzyl group to the hydroxamic acid oxygen results in an inactive prodrug. In two cancer cell lines we show that photolysis of this compound releases panobinostat and an unexpected carboxamide analogue of panobinostat. Photolysis of Zap‐Pano causes an increase in H3K9Ac and H3K18Ac, consistent with KDAC inhibition, in an oesophageal cancer cell line (OE21). Irradiation of OE21 cells in the presence of Zap‐Pano results in apoptotic cell death. This compound is a useful research tool, allowing spatial and temporal control over release of panobinostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin S Troelsen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewen D D Calder
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Anna Skwarska
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Deborah Sneddon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stuart J Conway
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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10
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Targeted Cancer Therapy Using Compounds Activated by Light. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133237. [PMID: 34209493 PMCID: PMC8269035 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is affected by a modest selectivity and toxic side effects of pharmacological interventions. Among novel approaches to overcome this limitation and to bring to therapy more potent and selective agents is the use of light for selective activation of anticancer compounds. In this review, we focus on the anticancer applications of two light-activated approaches still in the experimental phase: photoremovable protecting groups ("photocages") and photoswitches. We describe the structural considerations behind the development of novel compounds and the plethora of assays used to confirm whether the photochemical and pharmacological properties are meeting the stringent criteria for an efficient in vivo light-dependent activation. Despite its immense potential, light activation brings many challenges, and the complexity of the task is very demanding. Currently, we are still deeply in the phase of pharmacological tools, but the vivid research and rapid development bring the light of hope for potential clinical use.
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11
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Hydroxamic acid hybrids as the potential anticancer agents: An Overview. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Huentupil Y, Chung P, Novoa N, Arancibia R, Roussel P, Oyarzo J, Klahn AH, Silva C, Calvis C, Messeguer R, Bosque R, López C. Novel multifunctional and multitarget homo- (Fe 2) and heterobimetallic [(Fe,M) with M = Re or Mn] sulfonyl hydrazones. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12249-12265. [PMID: 32832967 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the novel ferrocenyl sulfonyl hydrazide [Fe(η5-C5H5){(η5-C5H4)-S(O)2-NH-NH2}] (2) is reported. Additional studies on its reactivity using acetone or the ferrocenyl-, cyrhetrenyl- or cymantrenyl-aldehydes have allowed us to isolate and characterize [Fe(η5-C5H5){(η5-C5H4)-S(O)2-NH-N[double bond, length as m-dash]CMe2}] (3), the bis(ferrocenyl) derivative [Fe(η5-C5H5){[(η5-C5H4)-S(O)2-NH-N[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-(η5-C5H4)]Fe(η5-C5H5)}] (4) and the heterodimetallic compounds [Fe(η5-C5H5){[(η5-C5H4)-S(O)2-NH-N[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-(η5-C5H4)]M(CO)3}] with M = Re (5a) or Mn (5b). The X-ray crystal structures of compounds 3, 5a and 5b are also reported. A comparative study of their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties is also described. Additional computational calculations based on the DFT methodology have allowed us to elucidate the effect produced by the replacement of the terminal -NH2 (in 2) by the -N[double bond, length as m-dash]CMe2 (in 3) and -N[double bond, length as m-dash]CHR (in 4, 5a and 5b) moieties on the electronic distribution and to explain the differences detected in their electrochemical properties and absorption spectra. In vitro cytotoxicity studies of compounds 2, 4, 5a and 5b on the HCT-116 (colon), MCF7 and MDA-MB231 (breast) cancer cell lines reveal that compound 2 has no significant activity (IC50 > 100 μM), while its derivatives 4, 5a and 5b proved to be active in the three cancer cell lines selected in this study. The growth inhibition potency of compounds 5a and 5b against the triple negative MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line is similar (or slightly) greater than that of cisplatin. Moreover, compounds 2, 4, 5a and 5b are less toxic than cisplatin in the normal and non-tumoral BJ fibroblasts, and the heterodimetallic complexes 5a and 5b with selective index >2.1 show an outstanding selective toxicity towards the MDA-MB231 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosselin Huentupil
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Organometálica, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-c, Concepción, Chile.
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13
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Ye R, Tan C, Chen B, Li R, Mao Z. Zinc-Containing Metalloenzymes: Inhibition by Metal-Based Anticancer Agents. Front Chem 2020; 8:402. [PMID: 32509730 PMCID: PMC7248183 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA is considered to be the primary target of platinum-based anticancer drugs which have gained great success in clinics, but DNA-targeted anticancer drugs cause serious side-effects and easily acquired drug resistance. This has stimulated the search for novel therapeutic targets. In the past few years, substantial research has demonstrated that zinc-containing metalloenzymes play a vital role in the occurrence and development of cancer, and they have been identified as alternative targets for metal-based anticancer agents. Metal complexes themselves have also exhibited a lot of appealing features for enzyme inhibition, such as: (i) the facile construction of 3D structures that can increase the enzyme-binding selectivity and affinity; (ii) the intriguing photophysical and photochemical properties, and redox activities of metal complexes can offer possibilities to design enzyme inhibitors with multiple modes of action. In this review, we discuss recent examples of zinc-containing metalloenzyme inhibition of metal-based anticancer agents, especially three zinc-containing metalloenzymes overexpressed in tumors, including histone deacetylases (HDACs), carbonic anhydrases (CAs), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bichun Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zongwan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Wang R, Chen H, Yan W, Zheng M, Zhang T, Zhang Y. Ferrocene-containing hybrids as potential anticancer agents: Current developments, mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112109. [PMID: 32032851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most fatal threatens to human health throughout the world. The major challenges in the control and eradication of cancers are the continuous emergency of drug-resistant cancer and the low specificity of anticancer agents, creating an urgent need to develop novel anticancer agents. Organometallic compounds especially ferrocene derivatives possess remarkable structural and mechanistic diversity, inherent stability towards air, heat and light, low toxicity, low cost, reversible redox, ligand exchange, and catalytic properties, making them promising drug candidates for cancer therapy. Ferrocifen, a ferrocene-phenol hybrid, has demonstrated promising anticancer properties on drug-resistant cancers. Currently, Ferrocifen is in pre-clinical trial against cancers. Obviously, ferrocene moiety is a useful template for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review will provide an overview of ferrocene-containing hybrids with potential application in the treatment of cancers covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. The mechanisms of action, the critical aspects of design and structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Huahong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Weitao Yan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Mingwen Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Tesen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Yaohuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
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15
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16
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Kenny RG, Marmion CJ. Toward Multi-Targeted Platinum and Ruthenium Drugs-A New Paradigm in Cancer Drug Treatment Regimens? Chem Rev 2019; 119:1058-1137. [PMID: 30640441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While medicinal inorganic chemistry has been practised for over 5000 years, it was not until the late 1800s when Alfred Werner published his ground-breaking research on coordination chemistry that we began to truly understand the nature of the coordination bond and the structures and stereochemistries of metal complexes. We can now readily manipulate and fine-tune their properties. This had led to a multitude of complexes with wide-ranging biomedical applications. This review will focus on the use and potential of metal complexes as important therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. With major advances in technologies and a deeper understanding of the human genome, we are now in a strong position to more fully understand carcinogenesis at a molecular level. We can now also rationally design and develop drug molecules that can either selectively enhance or disrupt key biological processes and, in doing so, optimize their therapeutic potential. This has heralded a new era in drug design in which we are moving from a single- toward a multitargeted approach. This approach lies at the very heart of medicinal inorganic chemistry. In this review, we have endeavored to showcase how a "multitargeted" approach to drug design has led to new families of metallodrugs which may not only reduce systemic toxicities associated with modern day chemotherapeutics but also address resistance issues that are plaguing many chemotherapeutic regimens. We have focused our attention on metallodrugs incorporating platinum and ruthenium ions given that complexes containing these metal ions are already in clinical use or have advanced to clinical trials as anticancer agents. The "multitargeted" complexes described herein not only target DNA but also contain either vectors to enable them to target cancer cells selectively and/or moieties that target enzymes, peptides, and intracellular proteins. Multitargeted complexes which have been designed to target the mitochondria or complexes inspired by natural product activity are also described. A summary of advances in this field over the past decade or so will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece G Kenny
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Celine J Marmion
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland
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17
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Bhagat SD, Singh U, Mishra RK, Srivastava A. An Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Activated Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Prodrug for Cancer Chemotherapy. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2073-2079. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath D. Bhagat
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Usha Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Ram Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
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18
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Walton JW, Cross JM, Riedel T, Dyson PJ. Perfluorinated HDAC inhibitors as selective anticancer agents. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:9186-9190. [PMID: 29072756 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of potent histone deacetylase inhibitors is presented that incorporate alkyl or perfluorinated alkyl chains. Several new compounds show greater in vitro antiproliferative activity than the clinically approved inhibitor, SAHA. Furthermore, the new compounds show up to 5-fold greater activity against cancer cells than healthy cells. This selectivity is in contrast to SAHA, which is more active against the healthy cell line than the cancer cell line tested. Finally, we report an increase in activity for SAHA under mild hyperthermia, indicating that it could be an interesting candidate to use in combination with thermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Walton
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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19
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Oyarzo J, Acuña A, Klahn H, Arancibia R, Silva CP, Bosque R, López C, Font-Bardía M, Calvis C, Messeguer R. Isomeric and hybrid ferrocenyl/cyrhetrenyl aldimines: a new family of multifunctional compounds. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1635-1649. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04142j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Comparative experimental and theoretical studies of the properties and biological activities of the new aldimines 1 and 2 are reported.
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20
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Chen Z, Thiramanas R, Schwendy M, Xie C, Parekh SH, Mailänder V, Wu S. Upconversion Nanocarriers Encapsulated with Photoactivatable Ru Complexes for Near-Infrared Light-Regulated Enzyme Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13. [PMID: 29024342 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme activity is important for metabolism, cell functions, and treating diseases. However, remote control of enzyme activity in deep tissue remains a challenge. This study demonstrates near-infrared (NIR) light-regulated enzyme activity in living cells based on upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) and a photoactivatable Ru complex. The Ru complex is a caged enzyme inhibitor that can be activated by blue light. To prepare a nanocarrier for NIR photoinhibition of enzyme activity, a UCNP and the caged enzyme inhibitors are encapsulated in a hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticle. In such a nanocarrier, the UCNP can harvest NIR light and convert it into blue light, which can activate the caged enzyme inhibitors. This photoactivation process is feasible in deep tissue because of the tissue penetration ability of NIR light. The nanocarrier is compatible to LNCaP, PC3, and SAOS-2 cells, which show high enzyme expression. NIR irradiation induces release of the inhibitors and inhibition of enzyme activity in living cells. NIR light provides high spatiotemporal resolution to regulate enzyme activity in deep tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raweewan Thiramanas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Schwendy
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Chaoming Xie
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sapun H Parekh
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Translational Nanomedicine, Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Si Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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21
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Ocasio CA, Sansook S, Jones R, Roberts JM, Scott TG, Tsoureas N, Coxhead P, Guille M, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Hochegger H, Bradner JE, Spencer J. Pojamide: An HDAC3-Selective Ferrocene Analogue with Remarkably Enhanced Redox-Triggered Ferrocenium Activity in Cells. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory A. Ocasio
- Genome
Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, U.K
| | - Supojjanee Sansook
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Rhiannon Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Justin M. Roberts
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Thomas G. Scott
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Peter Coxhead
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, U.K
| | - Matthew Guille
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, U.K
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK
National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK
National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome
Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, U.K
| | - James E. Bradner
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John Spencer
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
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22
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Light induced drug release from a folic acid-drug conjugate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:466-469. [PMID: 28040391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A major area of cancer research focuses on improving the specificity of therapeutic agents by engineering drug-delivery vehicles that target overexpressed receptors on tumor cells. One of the most commonly used approaches involves targeting of folate receptors using folic acid conjugated to a drug-containing macromolecular cargo. Once internalized via endocytosis, the drugs must be released from these constructs in order to avoid being trapped in the endosomes. Here, we describe the synthesis of a small-molecule conjugate that couples folic acid to doxorubicin via a photocleavable linker. Using HPLC we show that the doxorubicin can be released with light rapidly and with high efficiency. This approach has advantages over macromolecular systems due to its simplicity and efficiency.
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23
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Parasar B, Chang PV. Chemical optogenetic modulation of inflammation and immunity. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1450-1453. [PMID: 28451285 PMCID: PMC5390787 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03702j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is an essential component of host defense against pathogens and is largely mediated by inflammatory molecules produced by immune cells, such as macrophages. These inflammatory mediators are regulated at the transcriptional level by chromatin-modifying enzymes including histone deacetylases (HDACs). Here we describe a strategy to regulate inflammation and immunity with photocontrolled HDAC inhibitors, which can be selectively delivered to target cells by UV irradiation to minimize off-target effects. We strategically photocaged the active moiety of an HDAC inhibitor and showed that mild UV irradiation leads to the selective release of the inhibitor in a spatiotemporal manner. This methodology was used to decrease the amount of pro-inflammatory mediators produced by a subpopulation of macrophages. Our approach could ultimately be used to control inflammation in vivo as a therapeutic for inflammatory diseases, while minimizing off-target effects to healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibudha Parasar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY 14853 , USA
| | - Pamela V Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Cornell University , 930 Campus Road, VMC C4-185 , Ithaca , NY 14853 , USA .
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24
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Kowalski K, Szczupak Ł, Saloman S, Steverding D, Jabłoński A, Vrček V, Hildebrandt A, Lang H, Rybarczyk-Pirek A. Cymantrene, Cyrhetrene and Ferrocene Nucleobase Conjugates: Synthesis, Structure, Computational Study, Electrochemistry and Antitrypanosomal Activity. Chempluschem 2016; 82:303-314. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kowalski
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91403 Łódź Poland
| | - Łukasz Szczupak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91403 Łódź Poland
| | - Sebastian Saloman
- Technische Universität Chemnitz; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Dietmar Steverding
- Bob Champion Research & Education Building; Norwich Medical School; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ United Kingdom
| | - Artur Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91403 Łódź Poland
| | - Valerije Vrček
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb; Ante Kovačića 1 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Agnieszka Rybarczyk-Pirek
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Theoretical and Structural Chemistry; University of Łódź; Pomorska 163/165 90236 Łódź Poland
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25
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Cross JM, Blower TR, Gallagher N, Gill JH, Rockley KL, Walton JW. Anticancer Ru
II
and Rh
III
Piano‐Stool Complexes that are Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Chempluschem 2016; 81:1276-1280. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M. Cross
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Tim R. Blower
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Gallagher
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health Durham University Wolfson Research Institute Queen's Campus Stockton on Tees TS17 6BH United Kingdom
| | - Jason H. Gill
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health Durham University Wolfson Research Institute Queen's Campus Stockton on Tees TS17 6BH United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly L. Rockley
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health Durham University Wolfson Research Institute Queen's Campus Stockton on Tees TS17 6BH United Kingdom
| | - James W. Walton
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
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26
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(7-Diethylaminocoumarin-4-yl)methyl ester of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid as a caged inhibitor for photocontrol of histone deacetylase activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2789-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Raza MK, Mitra K, Shettar A, Basu U, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Photoactive platinum(ii) β-diketonates as dual action anticancer agents. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13234-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02590k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometallated platinum(ii) β-diketonates show significant photocytotoxicity in skin-keratinocyte HaCaT cells [IC50: ∼10 μM (visible light, 400–700 nm), ≥60 μM (dark)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Koushambi Mitra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Abhijith Shettar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction
- Development and Genetics
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Uttara Basu
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction
- Development and Genetics
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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