Base-Promoted Vinyl Carbon–Bromine Bond Cleavage by Group 9 Metalloporphyrin Complexes

New Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with β-Substituted Porphyrin-Arylbipyridine as the Ancillary Ligand: Electrochemical and Photophysical Insights

An efficient synthetic access to new cationic porphyrin-bipyridine iridium(III) bis-cyclometalated complexes was developed. These porphyrins bearing arylbipyridine moieties at β-pyrrolic positions coordinated with iridium(III), and the corresponding Zn(II) porphyrin complexes were spectroscopically, electrochemically, and electronically characterized. The features displayed by the new cyclometalated porphyrin-bipyridine iridium(III) complexes, namely photoinduced electron transfer process (PET), and a remarkable efficiency to generate ¹O₂, allowing us to envisage new challenges and opportunities for their applications in several fields, such as photo(catalysis) and photodynamic therapies.

Iridium porphyrin complexes with μ-nitrido, hydroxo, hydrosulfido and alkynyl ligands

Iridium porphyrin complexes containing μ-nitrido, hydroxo, hydrosulfido, and alkynyl ligands have been synthesized and structurally characterized, and their oxidation has been studied. The alkyl-IrIII porphyrin complex [Ir(tpp)R] (tpp2- = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin dianion; R = C8H13; 1) was synthesized by reaction of [Ir(cod)Cl]2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with H2tpp in refluxing monoethylene glycol. Treatment of 1 with PPh3 and [(LOEt)Ru(N)Cl2] (LOEt- = [(η5-C5H5)Co{P(O)(OEt)2}3]-) gave [Ir(tpp)(R)(PPh3)] (2) and the μ-nitrido complex [R(tpp)Ir(μ-N)RuCl2(LOEt)] (3), respectively. The cyclic voltammogram of 3 exhibited a reversible oxidation couple at 0.44 V versus Fc+/0 (Fc = ferrocene). The oxidation of 3 with [(4-BrC6H4)3N](SbCl6) resulted in Ir-C bond homolysis and formation of the chloride complex [Cl(tpp)Ir(μ-N)RuCl2(LOEt)] (4). The short Ir-N(nitrido) bond distances in 3 [1.944(3) Å] and 4 [1.831(4) Å] are indicative of multiple bond character and thus these two μ-nitrido complexes can be described by the two resonance forms: IrIII-N[triple bond, length as m-dash]RuVI and IrV[double bond, length as m-dash]N[double bond, length as m-dash]RuIV. Similarly, the oxidation of 2 with [(4-BrC6H4)3N](SbCl6) yielded [Ir(tpp)Cl(PPh3)] (5). Chloride abstraction of 5 with TlPF6 in tetrahydrofuran (thf) afforded [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(thf)](PF6) (6) that reacted with CsOH·H2O and Li2S to give the hydroxo [Ir(tpp)(OH)(PPh3)] (7) and hydrosulfido [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(SH)] (8) complexes, respectively. Treatment of 6 with phenylacetylene in the presence of CuI and Et3N yielded the bimetallic complex [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(μ-η1:η2-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)(CuI)] (9), whereas the transmetallation of 6 with LiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh afforded the mononuclear alkynyl complex [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)] (10). The electrochemistry of the Ir porphyrin complexes has been studied using cyclic voltammetry. On the basis of the measured redox potentials of [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)X], the ability of X- to stabilize the IrIV state is ranked in the order: R- > PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C- > Cl- ∼ OH-. Oxidation of 8 and 9 with [(4-BrC6H4)3N](SbCl6) led to isolation of 5 and [Ir(tpp)(PPh3)(H2O)]+, respectively. The crystal structures of complexes 3, 4, and 7-10 have been determined.

Hydrodebromination of allylic and benzylic bromides with water catalyzed by a rhodium porphyrin complex

Hydrodebromination of allylic and benzylic bromides was successfully achieved by a rhodium porphyrin complex catalyst using water as the hydrogen source without a sacrificial reductant. Mechanistic investigations suggest that bromine atom abstraction via a rhodium porphyrin metalloradical operates to give the rhodium porphyrin alkyl species and the subsequent hydrolysis of the rhodium porphyrin alkyl species to a hydrocarbon product is a key step to harness the hydrogen from water.

Synthesis and applications of rhodium porphyrin complexes

A review on rhodium porphyrin chemistry, ranging from synthesis and properties to reactivity and application.