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Sanderson HJ, Kociok-Köhn G, McMullin CL, Hintermair U. Twinned versus linked organometallics - bimetallic "half-baguette" pentalenide complexes of Rh(I). Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5881-5899. [PMID: 38446046 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04325h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The application of Mg[Ph4Pn] and Li·K[Ph4Pn] in transmetalation reactions to a range of Rh(I) precursors led to the formation of "half-baguette" anti-[RhI(L)n]2[μ:η5:η5Ph4Pn] (L = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, norbornadiene, ethylene; n = 1, 2) and syn-[RhI(CO)2]2[μ:η5:η5Ph4Pn] complexes as well as the related iridium complex anti-[IrI(COD)]2[μ:η5:η5Ph4Pn]. With CO exclusive syn metalation was obtained even when using mono-nuclear Rh(I) precursors, indicating an electronic preference for syn metalation. DFT analysis showed this to be the result of π overlap between the adjacent M(CO)2 units which overcompensates for dz2 repulsion of the metals, an effect which can be overridden by steric clash of the auxiliary ligands to yield anti-configuration as seen in the larger olefin complexes. syn-[RhI(CO)2]2[μ:η5:η5Ph4Pn] is a rare example of a twinned organometallic where the two metals are held flexibly in close proximity, but the two d8 Rh(I) centres did not show signs of M-M bonding interactions or exhibit Lewis basic behaviour as in some related mono-nuclear Cp complexes due to the acceptor properties of the ligands. The ligand substitution chemistry of syn-[RhI(CO)2]2[μ:η5:η5Ph4Pn] was investigated with a series of electronically and sterically diverse donor ligands (P(OPh)3, P(OMe)3, PPh3, PMe3, dppe) yielding new mono- and bis-substituted complexes, with E-syn-[RhI(CO)(P{OR})3]2[μ:η5:η5Ph4Pn] (R = Me, Ph) characterised by XRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J Sanderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
- Institute for Sustainability, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Asim W, Waheeb AS, Awad MA, Kadhum AM, Ali A, Mallah SH, Iqbal MA, Kadhim MM. Recent advances in the synthesis of zirconium complexes and their catalytic applications. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Turner ZR, Lamb JV, Robinson TP, Mandal D, Buffet JC, O Hare D. Ring-opening polymerisation of l- and rac-lactide using group 4 permethylpentalene aryloxides and alkoxides. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4805-4818. [PMID: 33877178 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00252j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of group 4 permethylpentalene (C8Me62-; Pn*) aryloxide and alkoxide complexes have been synthesised and fully characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction; (η8-C8Me6)Zr(OR)2 (R = tBu (1), 2,6-Me-C6H3 (2), 2,6-iPr-C6H3 (3) and 4-OMe-C6H4 (4)), (η8-C8Me6)Zr (OR) (R = 2,6-tBu-C6H3 (5) and 2,6-tBu-4-Me-C6H2 (6)), (η8-C8Me6)ZrCp(OR) (R = tBu (7), 2,6-Me-C6H3 (8) and 2,6-iPr-C6H3 (9)), (η8-C8Me6)TiCp(O-2,6-Me-C6H3) (10) and (η8-C8Me6)ZrCpMe(OR) (R = 2,6-Me-C6H3 (11), 2,6-iPr-C6H3 (12) and 2,4-tBu-C6H3 (13)). 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 12 were studied as initiators for the ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of l-lactide, and 2, 3, 6, 7 and 10 were studied as initiators for the ROP of rac-lactide. 3 was found to be the most active initiator for the ROP of l-lactide (kobs = 0.35 h-1) and 2 for the ROP of rac-lactide (kobs = 0.21 h-1). These initiators produced isotactic PLA for the ROP of l-lactide and moderately heterotactic enriched (maximum Pr of 0.69) or atactic PLA for the ROP of rac-lactide with polymer chains consisting of polylactic acid repeat units with -OR and -OH end groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë R Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK.
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Hamilton EA, Kilpatrick AFR, Turner ZR, Fraser DAX, Buffet JC, O'Hare D. CO 2 activation by permethylpentalene amido zirconium complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4494-4498. [PMID: 33877169 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00770j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterisation of new permethylpentalene zirconium bis(amido) and permethylpentalene zirconium cyclopentadienyl mono(amido) complexes, and their reactivity with carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hamilton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK.
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Shahid M, Abbasi M, Yaqoob M, Haque RA, Iqbal MA. Techniques in the synthesis of organometallic compounds of Hafnium. REV INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hafnium is a transition metal and it is the 45th most abundant transition element present on the earth. Hafnium has been successfully alloyed with several metals including titanium, iron, and niobium. Hafnium complexes are less active olefin polymerization catalysts. In the current review synthesis of hafnium complexes involving bonding through different linkages like “carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and oxygen, nitrogen and cobalt nitrogen and oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur, phosphorus and carbon, phosphorus and oxygen, sulfur carbon and oxygen, carbon–nitrogen and oxygen, carbon–nitrogen and phosphorus, carbon–nitrogen oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus, carbon–oxygen phosphorus and nitrogen”. The commonly used solvents for the synthesis of Hafnium complexes are tetrahydrofuran, n-hexane, and toluene, etc. These complexes were mostly reported at different temperatures ranges from −35 to 110 °C with continuous stirring, according to the nature of ligands. An overview of techniques in the synthesis of Hafnium complexes through various routes has been compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeshar Shahid
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Mahvish Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Munazzah Yaqoob
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Rosenani A. Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800 USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Synthesis and characterization of permethylpentalene titanium aryloxide and alkoxide complexes. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kilpatrick AFR, Green JC, Turner ZR, Buffet JC, O'Hare D. Zirconium arene triple-decker sandwich complexes: synthesis, electronic structure and bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:12048-12051. [PMID: 29063098 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of a permethylpentalene zirconium(iv) chloride complex [η8-Pn*Zr(μ-Cl)3/2]2(μ-Cl)2Li·THFx with KC8 in benzene results in activation of the aromatic solvent to yield an "inverted sandwich" complex, [η8-Pn*Zr]2(μ-η6:η6-C6H6) (1). The reactions in toluene, cumene, o-xylene and m-xylene also yield analogous solvent activated triple-decker sandwich complexes, which have been structurally characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Edge energies in the Zr K-edge XANES spectra are not distinguishable between 1 and formally Zr(ii) and Zr(iv) reference compounds, suggesting a broad edge structure. DFT calculations best describe the bonding in 1 as highly covalent with frontier molecular orbitals showing almost equal contributions from benzene and the Zr-permethylpentalene fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F R Kilpatrick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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Kurogi T, Kamitani M, Carroll PJ, Mindiola DJ. Polyhydrides of Sc, Zr and Hf and Their Proposed Formation. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kurogi
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Masahiro Kamitani
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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Cloke FGN, Green JC, Kilpatrick AF, O'Hare D. Bonding in pentalene complexes and their recent applications. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Du MR, Zhang XB, Si SM, Wang L. Theoretical insights into the reaction of Cp*(Cl)Hf(diene) with isonitriles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08981c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction of Cp*(Cl)Hf(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) with isonitriles is theoretically investigated, and detailed elementary reactions and the substitution effects are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ran Du
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Biao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Meng Si
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- People's Republic of China
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Fraser DAX, Turner ZR, Buffet JC, O’Hare D. Titanium and Zirconium Permethylpentalene Complexes, Pn*MCpRX, as Ethylene Polymerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan A. X. Fraser
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Zoë R. Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Dermot O’Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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