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Shahid M, Abbasi M, Yaqoob M, Haque RA, Iqbal MA. Techniques in the synthesis of organometallic compounds of Hafnium. REV INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hafnium is a transition metal and it is the 45th most abundant transition element present on the earth. Hafnium has been successfully alloyed with several metals including titanium, iron, and niobium. Hafnium complexes are less active olefin polymerization catalysts. In the current review synthesis of hafnium complexes involving bonding through different linkages like “carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and oxygen, nitrogen and cobalt nitrogen and oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur, phosphorus and carbon, phosphorus and oxygen, sulfur carbon and oxygen, carbon–nitrogen and oxygen, carbon–nitrogen and phosphorus, carbon–nitrogen oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus, carbon–oxygen phosphorus and nitrogen”. The commonly used solvents for the synthesis of Hafnium complexes are tetrahydrofuran, n-hexane, and toluene, etc. These complexes were mostly reported at different temperatures ranges from −35 to 110 °C with continuous stirring, according to the nature of ligands. An overview of techniques in the synthesis of Hafnium complexes through various routes has been compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeshar Shahid
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Mahvish Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Munazzah Yaqoob
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Rosenani A. Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800 USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , 38040 Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Kulyabin PS, Goryunov GP, Mladentsev DY, Uborsky DV, Voskoboynikov AZ, Canich JAM, Hagadorn JR. Reactivity of
C
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‐Symmetric Heteroarylamido Hafnium Complexes towards Unsaturated Electrophilic Molecules: Development of New Families of Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Chemistry 2019; 25:10478-10489. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department of ChemistryM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of ChemistryM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Y. Mladentsev
- Department of ChemistryM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of ChemistryM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of ChemistryM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Jo Ann M. Canich
- Baytown Technology and Engineering ComplexExxonMobil Chemical Company Baytown TX 77520 USA
| | - John R. Hagadorn
- Baytown Technology and Engineering ComplexExxonMobil Chemical Company Baytown TX 77520 USA
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Rahimi N, Herbert DE, Budzelaar PHM. Formation and Rearrangement of Reduced Diiminepyridine Complexes of Zr and Hf. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naser Rahimi
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg MB Canada
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italia
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Chen J, Yassin N, Gunasekara T, Norton JR, Rauch M. Insertion of Isonitriles into the M-C Bonds of Group 4 Dialkyl Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8980-8989. [PMID: 29907010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The 2,3-dimethylbutadiene complexes of Group 4 metals with constrained geometry (cg) ligands have been prepared and found to adopt a supine orientation with σ2,π bonding. Treatment of cgTi(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) (1-Ti) with tBuNC leads to the formation of a titana-aziridine (3) with a coordinated cyclopentenimine that arises from the formal [4+1] addition of the diene to the isonitrile. In contrast, the reactions of cgZr(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) (1-Zr) or cgHf(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) (1-Hf) with 2 equiv of tBuNC or XyNC proceeded in a more sophisticated manner to yield unsymmetrical 2,5-diazametallacyclopentane derivatives (4, 6-Zr, and 6-Hf) or symmetrical 2,5-diazametallacyclopentene complexes (7-Zr and 7-Hf). The unsymmetrical products contain coordinated cyclopropanes; the strength of the interaction is measured by the reduction in the 1 JCC of the C-C bond that is coordinated. A detailed mechanistic analysis has been possible with the related cgM(Me)2 (M = Ti and Hf) complexes. The first insertion is too fast to monitor, but allows complete conversion to an alkyl iminoacyl intermediate. The second isonitrile (RNC) may react with that intermediate by either of two different mechanisms, reductive elimination and coordination/insertion. In the first mechanism (Ti), rate-determining C-C coupling gives a titana-aziridine, followed by fast coordination of the isonitrile. In the second mechanism (Hf), coordination is the slow step; insertion to form a bis(iminoacyl) Hf complex is rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Nadine Yassin
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Thilina Gunasekara
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Jack R Norton
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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Sietzen M, Batke S, Merz L, Wadepohl H, Ballmann J. Pitfalls and Limitations in Group 6 Triamidophosphane Chemistry: Cage‐Closure Restrictions in Square‐Pyramidal Nitrido Complexes and Degradation via Spiro‐[4.4]‐λ
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‐Amidophosphorane Formation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Sietzen
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sonja Batke
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lukas Merz
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Joachim Ballmann
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Du MR, Zhang XB, Yang F, Hou CM. Theoretical study on the reaction of Cp * (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(Cl)Zr(diene) with isonitriles. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cueny ES, Johnson HC, Anding BJ, Landis CR. Mechanistic Studies of Hafnium-Pyridyl Amido-Catalyzed 1-Octene Polymerization and Chain Transfer Using Quench-Labeling Methods. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11903-11912. [PMID: 28763618 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromophore quench-labeling applied to 1-octene polymerization as catalyzed by hafnium-pyridyl amido precursors enables quantification of the amount of active catalyst and observation of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of Hf-bound polymers via UV-GPC analysis. Comparison of the UV-detected MWD with the MWD of the "bulk" (all polymers, from RI-GPC analysis) provides important mechanistic information. The time evolution of the dual-detection GPC data, concentration of active catalyst, and monomer consumption suggests optimal activation conditions for the Hf pre-catalyst in the presence of the activator [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. The chromophore quench-labeling agents do not react with the chain-transfer agent ZnEt2 under the reaction conditions. Thus, Hf-bound polymeryls are selectively labeled in the presence of zinc-polymeryls. Quench-labeling studies in the presence of ZnEt2 reveal that ZnEt2 does not influence the rate of propagation at the Hf center, and chain transfer of Hf-bound polymers to ZnEt2 is fast and quasi-irreversible. The quench-label techniques represent a means to study commercial polymerization catalysts that operate with high efficiency at low catalyst concentrations without the need for specialized equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Cueny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Heather C Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bernie J Anding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Clark R Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Motolko KSA, Price JS, Emslie DJH, Jenkins HA, Britten JF. Zirconium Complexes of a Rigid, Dianionic Pincer Ligand: Alkyl Cations, Arene Coordination, and Ethylene Polymerization. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S. A. Motolko
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S. Price
- Department of Chemistry
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Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry
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Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Hilary A. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry
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Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - James F. Britten
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Sietzen M, Batke S, Antoni PW, Wadepohl H, Ballmann J. Benzylene-linked [PNP] scaffolds and their cyclometalated zirconium and hafnium complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5816-5834. [PMID: 28401977 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The benzylene-linked [PNP] scaffolds HN(CH2-o-C6H4PPh2)2 ([A]H) and HN(C6H4-o-CH2PPh2)2 ([B]H) have been used for the synthesis of zirconium and hafnium complexes. For both ligands, the dimethylamides [A]M(NMe2)3 ([A]1-M) and [B]M(NMe2)3 ([B]1-M) were prepared and converted to the iodides [A]MI3 ([A]2-M) and [B]MI3 ([B]2-M) (M = Zr, Hf). Starting from these iodides, the corresponding benzyl derivatives [A]MBn3 ([A]3-M) and [B]MBn3 ([B]3-M) (M = Zr, Hf) were obtained via reaction with Bn2Mg(OEt2)2. For zirconium, the benzylic ligand positions in [A]3-Zr and [B]3-Zr were found to cyclometalate readily, which led to the corresponding κ4-[PCNP]ZrBn2 complexes [A]4-Zr and [B]4-Zr. As these complexes failed to hydrogenate cleanly, cyclometalated derivatives with only one alkyl substituent were targeted and the mixed benzyl chlorides κ4-[PCNP]MBnCl ([B]5-M, M = Zr, Hf) were obtained in the case of ligand [B]. Upon hydrogenation of [B]5-Zr, the η6-tolyl complex [B]Zr(η6-C7H8)Cl ([B]6-Zr) was generated cleanly, but the corresponding hafnium complex [B]5-Hf was found to decompose unselectively in the presence of H2. Using a closely related carbazole-based [PNP] ligand, Gade and co-workers have shown recently that zirconium η6-arene complexes similar to [B]6-Zr may serve as zirconium(ii) synthons, namely when reacted with 2,6-Dipp-NC (L) or pyridine (py). Both these substrates were shown to react cleanly with [B]6-Zr, which led to the formation of the bis-isocyanide complex [B]ZrCl(L)2 ([B]7-Zr) and the 2,2'-bipyridine derivative [B]ZrCl(bipy) ([B]8-Zr), respectively. Upon reaction of [B]Zr(η6-C7H8)Cl ([B]6-Zr) with NaBEt3H, the cyclometalated derivative κ4-[PCNP]Zr(η6-C7H8) ([B]9-Zr) was isolated. In an attempt to synthesise terminal hydrides, complexes [A]MI3 ([A]2-M) were treated with KBEt3H, which led to the isolation of the cyclometalated hydrido complexes κ4-[PCNP]M(H)(κ3-Et3BH) ([A]10-M; M = Zr, Hf) featuring a κ3-bound triethyl borohydride moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Sietzen
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Batke S, Sietzen M, Wadepohl H, Ballmann J. Synthesis of NPN-Coordinated Tantalum Alkyl Complexes and Their Hydrogenolysis: Isolation of a Terminal Tantalum Hydride Incorporating a Doubly Cyclometalated NPN Scaffold. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5122-5134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Batke
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malte Sietzen
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ballmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Du MR, Zhang XB, Si SM, Wang L. Theoretical insights into the reaction of Cp*(Cl)Hf(diene) with isonitriles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08981c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction of Cp*(Cl)Hf(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) with isonitriles is theoretically investigated, and detailed elementary reactions and the substitution effects are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ran Du
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Biao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Meng Si
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- People's Republic of China
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Valadez TN, Norton JR, Neary MC, Quinlivan PJ. Reaction of Cp*2Zr(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) with Isonitriles and CO. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis N. Valadez
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jack R. Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michelle C. Neary
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Patrick J. Quinlivan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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