1
|
Kondo SI, Ito M, Ogawa H, Fujiwara W, Katagiri H. Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclotri- and Tetrasiloxanes with Pyrenyl Groups. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44398-44406. [PMID: 36506124 PMCID: PMC9730752 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosiloxanes directly bearing polyaromatic groups on silicon atoms have scarcely been reported. Herein, hexa(1-pyrenyl)cyclotrisiloxane (2) and octa(1-pyrenyl)cyclotetrasiloxane (3) were successfully prepared from di(1-pyrenyl)silanediol (1) in the presence of a weak base such as tetraethylammonium acetate and triethylamine in MeCN. The structure of the cyclosiloxanes bearing multiple pyrenyl groups in the solid and solution states was evaluated by NMR, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All pyrenyl groups of 2 were oriented outward, and no π-π stacking of adjacent pyrenyl groups was observed. However, all pairs of adjacent pyrenyl groups at 1- and 3-positions in 3 are oriented in the same direction and were π-π stacked with respect to each other. The UV-vis spectra of 2 and 3 in organic solvents showed a slight broadening of the peaks, as observed for typical pyrene derivatives. Interestingly, the fluorescence spectra of 2 showed small monomer and strong excimer emissions; however, those of 3 showed only a strong excimer emission in all solvents. Partially pyrenylated cyclotri- and tetrasiloxanes (compounds 4 and 5) showed solvent-dependent monomer and excimer spectra as observed for di(1-pyrenyl)silane derivatives, implying that the excimer emissions of 2 and 3 arise from mainly geminal and vicinal pyrenyl groups, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Kondo
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata
University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata990-8560, Japan
| | - Marin Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata
University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata990-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ogawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata
University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata990-8560, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujiwara
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata
University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata
University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata992-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bruña S, Valverde-González A, Montero-Campillo MM, Mó O, Cuadrado I. Thiol-yne chemistry of diferrocenylacetylene: from synthesis and electrochemistry to theoretical studies. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15412-15424. [PMID: 36156664 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02378d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thiol-yne coupling chemistry of diferrocenylacetylene (FcCCFc) 1, bearing two electron rich and redox-active ferrocenyl units (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H4)(η5-C5H5)) and an internal triple bond, has been investigated for the first time. In order to determine whether steric limitations might affect hydrothiolation, a model reaction using a functionalized monothiol was tested, namely 2-mercaptoethanol I. The thiol-diferrocenylacetylene reactions were initiated either thermally (in toluene with AIBN) or by UV light irradiation (in THF and in the presence of DMPA as the photoinitiator). The outcomes of these thiol-yne reactions showed a strong dependence on the initiation method used, with the thermally initiated one being the most efficient. These thiol-diferrocenylacetylene reactions mainly afforded the (Z)-stereoisomer of the newly obtained vinyl thioether sulfide FcCHC(Fc)S-(CH2)2OH (2), unlike the more common (E)-vinyl sulfides found in other additions to alkynes. The hydrothiolation of the internal -CC- bond in 1 was successfully extended to dithiol 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol II, leading to the formation of the (ZZ)-isomer, with four ferrocenyl units, as the major product. According to the electrochemical studies, the new asymmetrical ferrocenyl-vinyl sulfides show iron-iron electronic and electrostatic interactions. Theoretical results for the (Z)-stereoisomer (2) suggest that adiabatic oxidation would lead to the loss of almost one electron on the ferrocenyl subunit closer to the thioether chain. Furthermore, the thiol-yne chemistry of the internal -CC- bond in diferrocenylacetylene has been compared to the external triple bond in ethynylferrocene, the theoretical results of which helped us to rationalize the very different reactivities observed in both metallocenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bruña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Valverde-González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Merced Montero-Campillo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuadrado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kondo SI, Okada N, Abe S, Tanaka R, Yamamura M, Unno M. Anion recognition by silanetriol in acetonitrile. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8925-8931. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01596j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anion recognition ability and organocatalytic activity of a silanetriol are firstly presented by comparing with those of a series of silanol derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Kondo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Natsumi Okada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shiori Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Ryoji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, Hayakawa 2743-1, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1193, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Masafumi Unno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Anions play a vital role in a broad range of environmental, technological, and physiological processes, making their detection/quantification valuable. Electroanalytical sensors offer much to the selective, sensitive, cheap, portable, and real-time analysis of anion presence where suitable combinations of selective (noncovalent) recognition and transduction can be integrated. Spurred on by significant developments in anion supramolecular chemistry, electrochemical anion sensing has received considerable attention in the past two decades. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of all electroanalytical techniques that have been used for this purpose, including voltammetric, impedimetric, capacititive, and potentiometric methods. We will confine our discussion to sensors that are based on synthetic anion receptors with a specific focus on reversible, noncovalent interactions, in particular, hydrogen- and halogen-bonding. Apart from their sensory properties, we will also discuss how electrochemical techniques can be used to study anion recognition processes (e.g., binding constant determination) and will furthermore provide a detailed outlook over future efforts and promising new avenues in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Boer SA, Foyle EM, Thomas CM, White NG. Anion coordination chemistry using O-H groups. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2596-2614. [PMID: 30860210 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00828k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review covers significant advances in the use of O-H groups in anion coordination chemistry. The review focuses on the use of these groups in synthetic anion receptors, as well as more recent developments in transport, self-assembly and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Boer
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roy SS, Patra SK. Synthesis and Characterization of Diferrocenyl Conjugates: Varying π-Conjugated Bridging Ligands and its Consequence on Electrochemical Communication. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Saha Roy
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur India
| | - Sanjib K. Patra
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fox F, Neudörfl JM, Goldfuss B. Silanediol versus chlorosilanol: hydrolyses and hydrogen-bonding catalyses with fenchole-based silanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:167-186. [PMID: 30745992 PMCID: PMC6350884 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biphenyl-2,2'-bisfenchyloxydichlorosilane (7, BIFOXSiCl2) is synthesized and employed as precursor for the new silanols biphenyl-2,2'-bisfenchyloxychlorosilanol (8, BIFOXSiCl(OH)) and biphenyl-2,2'-bisfenchyloxysilanediol (9, BIFOXSi(OH)2). BIFOXSiCl2 (7) shows a remarkable stability against hydrolysis, yielding silanediol 9 under enforced conditions. A kinetic study for the hydrolysis of dichlorosilane 7 shows a 263 times slower reaction compared to reference bis-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)dichlorosilane (14), known for its low hydrolytic reactivity. Computational analyses explain the slow hydrolyses of BIFOXSiCl2 (7) to BIFOXSiCl(OH) (8, E a = 32.6 kcal mol-1) and BIFOXSiCl(OH) (8) to BIFOXSi(OH)2 (9, E a = 31.4 kcal mol-1) with high activation barriers, enforced by endo fenchone units. Crystal structure analyses of silanediol 9 with acetone show shorter hydrogen bonds between the Si-OH groups and the oxygen of the bound acetone (OH···O 1.88(3)-2.05(2) Å) than with chlorosilanol 8 (OH···2.16(0) Å). Due to its two hydroxy units, the silanediol 9 shows higher catalytic activity as hydrogen bond donor than chlorosilanol 8, e.g., C-C coupling N-acyl Mannich reaction of silyl ketene acetals 11 with N-acylisoquinolinium ions (up to 85% yield and 12% ee), reaction of 1-chloroisochroman (18) and silyl ketene acetals 11 (up to 85% yield and 5% ee), reaction of chromen-4-one (20) and silyl ketene acetals 11 (up to 98% yield and 4% ee).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falco Fox
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Jörg M Neudörfl
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martín-Fernández C, Montero-Campillo MM, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Modulating the Proton Affinity of Silanol and Siloxane Derivatives by Tetrel Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7424-7431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martín-Fernández
- Instituto
de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto
de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto
de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bruña S, González-Vadillo AM, Ferrández M, Perles J, Montero-Campillo MM, Mó O, Cuadrado I. Formation of unexpected silicon- and disiloxane-bridged multiferrocenyl derivatives bearing Si-O-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH 2 and Si-(CH 2) 2C(CH 3) 3 substituents via cleavage of tetrahydrofuran and trapping of its ring fragments. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11584-11597. [PMID: 28766631 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02286g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a family of silicon- and siloxane-bridged multiferrocenyl derivatives carrying different functional groups attached to silicon, including Fc2(CH3)3C(CH2)2SiCH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2 (5), Fc2(CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-O)SiCH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2 (6), Fc2(OH)SiCH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2 (7), Fc2(CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-O)Si-O-Si(O-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2)Fc2 (8) and Fc2(CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-O)Si-O-SiFc3 (9) is described. Silyl vinyl ether molecules 6, 8 and 9 and the heteroleptic vinylsilane 5 resulted from the competing metathesis reaction of lithioferrocene (FcLi), CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-OLi or (CH3)3C(CH2)2Li with the corresponding multifunctional chlorosilane, Cl3SiCH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2 or Cl3Si-O-SiCl3. The last two organolithium species have been likely formed in situ by fragmentation of the tetrahydrofuran solvent. Diferrocenylvinyloxyvinylsilane 6 is noteworthy since it represents a rare example of a redox-active silyl mononomer in which two different C[double bond, length as m-dash]C polymerisable groups are directly connected to silicon. The molecular structures of the silicon-containing multiferrocenyl species 5, 6, 8 and 9 have been investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, demonstrating the capture and storage processes of two ring fragments resulting from the cleavage of cyclic THF in redox-active and stable crystalline organometallic compounds. From electrochemical studies we found that by changing the anion of the supporting electrolyte from [PF6]- to [B(C6F5)4]-, the redox behaviour of tetrametallic disiloxane 8 can be switched from a poorly resolved multistep redox process to four consecutive well-separated one-electron oxidations, corresponding to the sequential oxidation of the four ferrocenyl moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bruña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Mª González-Vadillo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Ferrández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de Monocristal, Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación (SIDI), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Merced Montero-Campillo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuadrado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|