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Al Khalyfeh K, Ghazzy A, Al-As' Ad RM, Rüffer T, Kanoun O, Lang H. Ferrocenyl-triazole complexes and their use in heavy metal cation sensing. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20572-20584. [PMID: 38946768 PMCID: PMC11211737 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04023f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Complexes tris((1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)amine (3), bis((1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)amine (6), bis((1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)ether (7), and 1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanamine (9) were synthesized using the copper-catalyzed click reaction. Complexes 3, 6, 7, and 9 were characterized using NMR (1H and 13{1H}) and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Structures of 3, 7, and 9 in the solid state were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It was found that the triazole rings were planar and slightly twisted with respect to the cyclopentadienyl groups attached to them. Chains and 3D network structures were observed due to the presence of π⋯π and C-H⋯N interactions between the cyclopentadienyl and triazole ligands. A reversible redox behavior of the Fc groups between 239 and 257 mV with multicycle stability was characteristic for all the compounds, revealing that the electrochemically generated species Fc+ remained soluble in dichloromethane. Electrochemical sensor tests demonstrated the applicability of all the complexes to enhance the quantification sensing behavior of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) toward Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al Khalyfeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma'an 71111 Jordan
| | - Asma Ghazzy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman 19328 Jordan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman 19328 Jordan
| | - Randa M Al-As' Ad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma'an 71111 Jordan
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology 09111 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Olfa Kanoun
- Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Research Group Organometallics, Chemnitz University of Technology 09126 Chemnitz Germany
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Abstract
Treatment of 3,4-(ClC(O))2-cC4H2S (1) with [FcCH2OLi] (2-Li) (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H5)(η5-C5H4)) in a 1:2 ratio gave 3,4-(FcCH2OC(O))2-cC4H2S (3). Compound 3 decomposes in solution during crystallization to produce FcCH2OH (2) along with 3,4-thiophenedicarboxylic anhydride (4). The cyclic voltammogram of 3 exhibits a reversible ferrocene-related redox couple (E1/2 = 108 mV, vs. Cp2Fe/Cp2Fe+) using [NnBu4] [B(C6F5)4] as the supporting electrolyte. DFT calculations reveal that the energy values of the LUMO orbitals of 3 (3,4-thiophene core) show 1 eV higher energies than that one of 2,5-(FcCH2OC(O))2-cC4H2S (5), both compounds’ HOMO orbitals are close to each other. Compound 4 was characterized by single X-ray structure analysis. It forms a band-type structure based on intermolecular O1···S1 interactions being parallel to (110) and (1–10) in the solid state, while electrostatic C···O interactions between the C=O functionalities of adjacent molecules connect both 3D-networks. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to gain more insight into the intermolecular interactions in 4, the enrichment ratios (E) suggest that O···H, S···S, and O···C are the most favored intermolecular interactions, as shown by E values above 1.20. The relevance of the weak O···H, O···O, and O···C contacts in stabilizing the molecular structure of 4 was highlighted by the interaction energies between molecular pairs.
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Liu S, Yan J, Zhang Q, Yan Y. Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) as Powerful Tool for Functional Polymers with Versatile Architectures. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Korb M, Liu X, Walz S, Rosenkranz M, Dmitrieva E, Popov AA, Lang H. (Electrochemical) Properties and Computational Investigations of Ferrocenyl-substituted Fe 3(μ 3-PFc) 2(CO) 9 and Co 4(μ 4-PFc) 2(CO) 9 Clusters and Their Reduced Species. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6147-6160. [PMID: 32323982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of ferrocenyl-functionalized iron and cobalt carbonyl clusters is reported, based on a reaction of FcPCl2 (3) (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H5)(η5-C5H4)) with Fe2(CO)9 and Co2(CO)8, respectively. Therein, nido-Fe3(CO)9(μ3-PFc)2 (4) and nido-Co4(CO)10(μ3-PFc)2 (5) clusters were obtained as the first diferrocenyl-substituted carbonyl clusters with a symmetrical cluster core. Cluster 4 shows two reversible one-electron processes within the anodic region, based on Fc/Fc+ redox events, as well as two processes in the cathodic region. In situ IR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of all electronic states confirmed an Fc-based oxidation and a core-based reduction. On the basis of the results of a single-crystal X-ray analysis of structures of 4 and 5, computational studies of the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies, the spin density, quantum theory of atom-in-molecule delocalization indices, and the atomic charges were performed to explain the experimental results. The latter revealed a reorganization of the cluster core upon reduction and the existence of weak P···P interactions in 4 and 5. Ferrocenyl-related redox processes, occurring reversibly in case of 4, were absent for 5, due to a different distribution of the HOMO energies. EPR measurements furthermore confirmed the core-based radical anion and the formation of a decomposition product at potentials lower than [M]2- (M = Fe, Co).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Faculty of Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xianming Liu
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Walz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.,Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes, Rosenbergstr. 6, D-09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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Rossi S, Bisello A, Cardena R, Santi S. Testing the Conjugative Properties of Benzodithiophene and Benzotrithiophene in Charge Transfer Multi(ferrocenyl) Systems. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Saverio Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Ferrocenylmethyl-functionalized 5-membered heterocycles: Synthesis, solid-state structure and electrochemical investigations. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang MX, Zhang J, Yin J, Hartl F, Liu SH. Anodic electrochemistry of mono- and dinuclear aminophenylferrocene and diphenylaminoferrocene complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6112-6123. [PMID: 29664488 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two related three-membered series of nonlinear aminophenylferrocene and diphenylaminoferrocene complexes were prepared and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The first series consists of 4-(diphenylamino)phenylferrocene (TPA-Fc, 1a), its dimethoxy-substituted tetraphenylphenylenediamine derivative (M2TPPD-Fc, 1c), and the triphenylamine-bridged bis(ferrocenyl) complex (Fc-TPA-Fc, 1b). The second series involves bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aminoferrocene (M2DPA-Fc, 1d), 4-methoxyphenylaminoferrocene (MPA-Fc) with N-phenyl-appended terminal TPA (1e), and the corresponding bis(MPA-Fc) complex with bridging TPA (1f). The structure of complex 1d was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Combined investigations, based on anodic voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, were conducted to illustrate the influence of the integration of multiple redox-active components on the sequential oxidation of these complexes. The first anodic steps in 1a-1f are localized preferentially on the ferrocenyl units, followed by oxidation of the TPA or TPPD moieties (absent in 1d). Irreversible oxidation of the ferrocene-appended strong donor DPA/MPA units in 1d-1f terminates the anodic series. The one-electron oxidation of the triphenylamine-bridged diferrocenyl (1b) and bis(phenylaminoferrocenyl) (1f) complexes triggers their facile redox disproportionation to dicationic bis(ferrocenium) products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China.
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2016. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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