1
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Nguyen D, Wang S, Grabow LC, Harth E. Deciphering the Olefin Isomerization-Polymerization Paradox of Palladium(II) Diimine Catalysts: Discovery of Simultaneous and Independent Pathways of Olefin Isomerization and Living Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9755-9770. [PMID: 37071817 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
This work elucidates a long-standing unexplained paradox commonly observed within the polymerization of α-olefin using palladium (Pd)(II)-diimine catalysts, in which isomerization and living polymerization of α-olefins are both observed. With a classical mechanistic understanding of these complexes, this behavior is often dismissed and interpreted as experimental error. Herein, we present a comprehensive mechanistic investigation into this phenomenon that supports the existence of a novel mechanistic pathway for Pd(II)-diimine complexes. Part one of the mechanistic study lays the foundation of the proposed mechanism, in which neutral Pd(II)-diimine complexes were found to exhibit a moderate to good catalytic activity for olefin isomerization of α-olefins despite the established notion that catalyst activation is required. Extensive experimental and computational studies reveal the possibility of a partial dissociation of the diimine ligand, which frees up one coordination site and enables coordination-insertion. This finding is significant as the coexistence of two reactive coordination sites at the palladium center becomes a valid proposal for the activated cationic Pd(II)-diimine complexes. In part two, we examined and validated the simultaneously observed α-olefin isomerization and living polymerization using the cationic Pd(II)-diimine catalyst, which supports the presence of two independent reaction pathways of isomerization and polymerization, respectively. Moreover, the addition of a strong Lewis acid, such as AlCl3, accelerates the ligand dissociation and the consequential isomerization as it weakens the palladium-nitrogen bond through competitive binding. In part three, Lewis acid-triggered olefin isomerization-polymerization is employed to prepare living olefinic block copolymers and further synthesize novel polyolefin-polar block copolymers with unique architectures, distinct levels of branching, crystallinity, and polar functionality in a one-pot manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, 3589 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Shengguang Wang
- Williams A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4226 Martin Luther King Blvd, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis (CPEC), University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lars C Grabow
- Williams A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4226 Martin Luther King Blvd, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis (CPEC), University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, 3589 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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2
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Acosta-Calle S, Miller AJM. Tunable and Switchable Catalysis Enabled by Cation-Controlled Gating with Crown Ether Ligands. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:971-981. [PMID: 36977400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCatalysis has become an essential tool in science and technology, impacting the discovery of pharmaceuticals, the manufacture of commodity chemicals and plastics, the production of fuels, and much more. In most cases, a particular catalyst is optimized to mediate a particular reaction, continually producing a desired product at a given rate. There is enormous opportunity in developing catalysts that are dynamic, capable of responding to a change in the environment to alter structure and function. Controlled catalysis, in which the activity or selectivity of a catalytic reaction can be adjusted through an external stimulus, offers opportunities for innovation in catalysis. Catalyst discovery could be simplified if a single thoughtfully designed complex could work synergistically with additives to optimize performance rather than trying a multitude of different metal/ligand combinations. Temporal control could be gained to facilitate the execution of multiple reactions in the same flask, for example, by activating one catalyst and deactivating another to avoid incompatibilities. Selectivity switching could enable copolymer synthesis with well-defined chemical and material properties. These applications might sound futuristic for synthetic catalysts, but in nature, such a degree of controlled catalysis is commonplace. For example, allosteric interactions and/or feedback loops modulate enzymatic activity to enable complex small-molecule synthesis and sequence-defined polymerization reactions in complex mixtures containing many catalytic sites. In many cases, regulation is achieved by "gating" substrate access to the active site. Fundamental advances in catalyst design are needed to better understand the factors that enable controlled catalysis in the arena of synthetic chemistry, particularly in achieving substrate gating outside of macromolecular environments. In this Account, the development of design principles for achieving cation-controlled catalysis is described. The guiding hypothesis was that gating substrate access to a catalyst site could be achieved by controlling the dynamics of a hemilabile ligand through secondary Lewis acid/base and/or cation-dipole interactions. To enforce such interactions, catalysts sitting at the interface of organometallic catalysis and supramolecular chemistry were designed. A macrocyclic crown ether was incorporated into a robust organometallic pincer ligand, and these "pincer-crown ether" ligands have been explored in catalysis. Complementary studies of controlled catalysis and detailed mechanistic analysis guided the development of iridium, nickel, and palladium pincer-crown ether catalysts capable of substrate gating. Toggling the gate between open and closed states leads to switchable catalysis, where cation addition/removal changes the turnover frequency or the product selectivity. Varying the degree of gating leads to tunable catalysis, where the activity can be tuned based on the identity and amount of salt added. Research has focused on reactions of alkenes, particularly isomerization reactions, which has in turn led to design principles for cation-controlled catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Acosta-Calle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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3
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Farquhar AH, Gardner KE, Acosta-Calle S, Camp AM, Chen CH, Miller AJM. Cation-Controlled Olefin Isomerization Catalysis with Palladium Pincer Complexes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H. Farquhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Kristen E. Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Sebastian Acosta-Calle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Andrew M. Camp
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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4
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Camacho-Fernandez MA, Ziller JW, Guan Z. Comparative Investigation of η 6-Arene Tethered Ru(II) Complexes with Different Tethered Heteroatoms for Ethylene Polymerization Catalysis: Experimental and DFT Studies. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Camacho-Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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5
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Kawamura KE, Chang ASM, Martin DJ, Smith HM, Morris PT, Cook AK. Modular Ni(0)/Silane Catalytic System for the Isomerization of Alkenes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiana E. Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Alison Sy-min Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Daryl J. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Haley M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Parker T. Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Amanda K. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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6
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Chen HC, Wu Y, Yu Y, Wang P. Pd-Catalyzed Isomerization of Alkenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Shen G, Fu S, Liu B. Oxime ester-enabled anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12204-12207. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03917f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An oxime ester-enabled anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of alkenes is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry &Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shaomin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry &Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry &Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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8
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Ding L, Niu YN, Xia XF. Pd-Catalyzed Tandem Isomerization/Cyclization for the Synthesis of Aromatic Oxazaheterocycles and Pyrido[3,4- b]indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10032-10042. [PMID: 34279106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An effient tandem process consisting of palladium-catalyzed double-bond isomerization of long-chain olefins and subsequent intramolecular cyclization promoted by B2(OH)2 for the synthesis of aromatic oxazaheterocycles is disclosed. This strategy can also provide rapid access to pyrido[3,4-b]indoles, trans-2-olefins, and eneamides bearing various functional groups with high regio- and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yan-Ning Niu
- Department of Teaching and Research, Nanjing Forestry University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi 537000, China
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9
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Pandya C, Panicker RR, Senjaliya P, Hareendran MH, Anju P, Sarkar S, Bhat H, Jha PC, Rao KP, Smith GS, Sivaramakrishna A. Designing and synthesis of phosphine derivatives of Ru3(CO)12 – Studies on catalytic isomerization of 1-alkenes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Camp AM, Kita MR, Blackburn PT, Dodge HM, Chen CH, Miller AJM. Selecting Double Bond Positions with a Single Cation-Responsive Iridium Olefin Isomerization Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2792-2800. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Camp
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Matthew R. Kita
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - P. Thomas Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Henry M. Dodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−3290, United States
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11
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Jones GR, Basbug Alhan HE, Karas LJ, Wu JI, Harth E. Switching the Reactivity of Palladium Diimines with “Ancillary” Ligand to Select between Olefin Polymerization, Branching Regulation, or Olefin Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Judy I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
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12
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Jones GR, Basbug Alhan HE, Karas LJ, Wu JI, Harth E. Switching the Reactivity of Palladium Diimines with “Ancillary” Ligand to Select between Olefin Polymerization, Branching Regulation, or Olefin Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1635-1640. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Judy I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
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13
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De‐Botton S, Filippov DOA, Shubina ES, Belkova NV, Gelman D. Regioselective Isomerization of Terminal Alkenes Catalyzed by a PC(sp
3
)Pincer Complex with a Hemilabile Pendant Arm. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie De‐Botton
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - D.Sc. Oleg A. Filippov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena S. Shubina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Natalia V. Belkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitri Gelman
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904 Israel
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Miklukho-Maklay St., 6 117198 Moscow Russia
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14
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Han XW, Daugulis O, Brookhart M. Unsaturated Alcohols as Chain-Transfer Agents in Olefin Polymerization: Synthesis of Aldehyde End-Capped Oligomers and Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15431-15437. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wang Han
- Center for Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Center for Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Maurice Brookhart
- Center for Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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15
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Peralta RA, Huxley MT, Evans JD, Fallon T, Cao H, He M, Zhao XS, Agnoli S, Sumby CJ, Doonan CJ. Highly Active Gas Phase Organometallic Catalysis Supported Within Metal-Organic Framework Pores. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13533-13543. [PMID: 32650640 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can act as a platform for the heterogenization of molecular catalysts, providing improved stability, allowing easy catalyst recovery and a route toward structural elucidation of the active catalyst. We have developed a MOF, 1, possessing vacant N,N-chelating sites which are accessible via the porous channels that penetrate the structure. In the present work, cationic rhodium(I) norbornadiene (NBD) and bis(ethylene) (ETH) complexes paired with both noncoordinating and coordinating anions have been incorporated into the N,N-chelation sites of 1 via postsynthetic metalation and facile anion exchange. Exploiting the crystallinity of the host framework, the immobilized Rh(I) complexes were structurally characterized using X-ray crystallography. Ethylene hydrogenation catalysis by 1·[Rh(NBD)]X and 1·[Rh(ETH)2]X (X = Cl and BF4) was studied in the gas phase (2 bar, 46 °C) to reveal that 1·[Rh(ETH)2](BF4) was the most active catalyst (TOF = 64 h-1); the NBD materials and the chloride salt were notably less active. On the basis of these observations, the activity of the Rh(I) bis(ethylene) complexes, 1·[Rh(ETH)2]BF4 and 1·[Rh(ETH)2]Cl, in butene isomerization was also studied using gas-phase NMR spectroscopy. Under one bar of butene at 46 °C, 1·[Rh(ETH)2]BF4 rapidly catalyzes the conversion of 1-butene to 2-butene with a TOF averaging 2000 h-1 over five cycles. Notably, the chloride derivative, 1 [Rh(ETH)2]Cl displays negligible activity in comparison. XPS analysis of the postcatalysis sample, supported by DFT calculations, suggest that the catalytic activity is inhibited by the strong interactions between a Rh(III) allyl hydride intermediate and the chloride anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Peralta
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Michael T Huxley
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Jack D Evans
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Fallon
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Haijie Cao
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xiu Song Zhao
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.,School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia,Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Christopher J Sumby
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Christian J Doonan
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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16
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Basbug Alhan HE, Jones GR, Harth E. Branching Regulation in Olefin Polymerization via Lewis Acid Triggered Isomerization of Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Glen R. Jones
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX 77204 USA
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17
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Basbug Alhan HE, Jones GR, Harth E. Branching Regulation in Olefin Polymerization via Lewis Acid Triggered Isomerization of Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4743-4749. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Glen R. Jones
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX 77204 USA
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18
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Gao W, Zhang X, Xie X, Ding S. One simple Ir/hydrosilane catalytic system for chemoselective isomerization of 2-substituted allylic ethers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2012-2015. [PMID: 31961351 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09055j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe one simple Ir/hydrosilane catalytic system for chemoselective isomerization of 2-substituted allylic ethers. This facile strategy shows high efficiency towards a variety of substrates, including derivatives from bioactive molecules. The substituent at the α position of the olefins is supposed to be critical in retarding the alkene hydrosilylation process and leading the reaction to go through the isomerization pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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19
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Ren W, Sun F, Chu J, Shi Y. A Pd-Catalyzed Site-Controlled Isomerization of Terminal Olefins. Org Lett 2020; 22:1868-1873. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Ren
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianxiao Chu
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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20
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Suslov DS, Bykov MV, Kravchenko OV. Norbornene Addition Polymerization with Catalysts Based on Transition Metal Compounds: 2008–2018. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s181123821901017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Azpíroz R, Di Giuseppe A, Urriolabeitia A, Passarelli V, Polo V, Pérez-Torrente JJ, Oro LA, Castarlenas R. Hydride–Rhodium(III)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst for Tandem Alkylation/Alkenylation via C–H Activation. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Azpíroz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Di Giuseppe
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Asier Urriolabeitia
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Ctra Huesca S/N, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ricardo Castarlenas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Molloy JJ, Morack T, Gilmour R. Positional and Geometrical Isomerisation of Alkenes: The Pinnacle of Atom Economy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13654-13664. [PMID: 31233259 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to achieve spatiotemporal regulation of pre-existing alkenes via external stimuli are essential given the ubiquity of feedstock olefins in chemistry and their downstream applications. Mirroring the 1-0 switch that underpins mammalian vision through selective geometric isomerisation in retinal, strategies to manipulate 2D space by both geometric and positional isomerisation of alkenes via chemical, thermal and light-driven processes are being intensively pursued. This minireview highlights the current state of the art in activating and achieving directionality in these fundamental chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Molloy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Morack
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Molloy JJ, Morack T, Gilmour R. Positionelle und geometrische Isomerisierung von Alkenen: der Gipfel der Atomökonomie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Molloy
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Tobias Morack
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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Murai M, Nishimura K, Takai K. Palladium-catalyzed double-bond migration of unsaturated hydrocarbons accelerated by tantalum chloride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2769-2772. [PMID: 30768079 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00223e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The operationally simple palladium-catalyzed double-bond migration without heteroatom-containing coordinating functional groups is described. Addition of TaCl5 as a second catalyst greatly enhanced the migration efficiency to provide β-alkylstyrenes through migration of up to a five-carbon chain. Both catalysts were commercially available, and the reaction occurred without external ligands under neutral conditions. The reaction proceeded via generation of π-allyl palladium species, which enabled the chemoselective double-bond migration of hydrocarbons in the presence of allylethers. Remote functionalization through double-bond migration was also demonstrated using FeCl3 as a second catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Murai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, and Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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25
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Basnet P, Dhungana RK, Thapa S, Shrestha B, KC S, Sears JM, Giri R. Ni-Catalyzed Regioselective β,δ-Diarylation of Unactivated Olefins in Ketimines via Ligand-Enabled Contraction of Transient Nickellacycles: Rapid Access to Remotely Diarylated Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7782-7786. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Basnet
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Roshan K. Dhungana
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Surendra Thapa
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Bijay Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Shekhar KC
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Jeremiah M. Sears
- Sandia National Laboratories, Advanced Materials Laboratory, 1001 University Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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26
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Escobar MA, Moreno da Costa D, Trofymchuk OS, Daniliuc CG, Gracia F, Nachtigall FM, Santos LS, Rojas RS, Cabrera AR. Intermolecular stabilization in new 2-iminopyridine derivatives complexes of Pd(II) and their reactivity towards alkenes. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Wang F, Tanaka R, Li Q, Nakayama Y, Shiono T. Chain-Walking Polymerization of Linear Internal Octenes Catalyzed by α-Diimine Nickel Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhou Wang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Qingshan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuushou Nakayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shiono
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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28
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Kocen AL, Brookhart M, Daugulis O. Palladium-catalysed alkene chain-running isomerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:10010-10013. [PMID: 28835962 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04953f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a method for palladium-catalysed chain-running isomerization of terminal and internal alkenes. Using an air-stable 2,9-dimethylphenanthroline-palladium catalyst in combination with NaBAr4 promoter, olefins are converted to the most stable double bond isomer at -30 to 20 °C. Silyl enol ethers are readily formed from silylated allylic alcohols. Fluorinated substituents are compatible with the reaction conditions, allowing the synthesis of fluoroenolates. Catalyst loading as low as 0.05% can be employed on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Kocen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
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29
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Alkene-Zipper Catalyzed Selective and Remote Retro-ene Reaction of Alkenyl Cyclopropylcarbinol. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Léonard NG, Chirik PJ. Air-Stable α-Diimine Nickel Precatalysts for the Hydrogenation of Hindered, Unactivated Alkenes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia G. Léonard
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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31
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Wang F, Tanaka R, Cai Z, Nakayama Y, Shiono T. Living polymerization of higher 2-alkene with α-diimine nickel catalysts: Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight poly(2-alkene)s. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Chadwick FM, McKay AI, Martinez-Martinez AJ, Rees NH, Krämer T, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. Solid-state molecular organometallic chemistry. Single-crystal to single-crystal reactivity and catalysis with light hydrocarbon substrates. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6014-6029. [PMID: 28989631 PMCID: PMC5625289 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state molecular organometallic catalysis (SMOM-cat): synthetic routes, unique structural motifs, mobility in the solid-state and very active gas/solid isomerization catalysts.
Single-crystal to single-crystal solid/gas reactivity and catalysis starting from the precursor sigma-alkane complex [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(η2η2-NBA)][BArF4] (NBA = norbornane; ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) is reported. By adding ethene, propene and 1-butene to this precursor in solid/gas reactions the resulting alkene complexes [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(alkene)x][BArF4] are formed. The ethene (x = 2) complex, [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(ethene)2][BArF4]-Oct, has been characterized in the solid-state (single-crystal X-ray diffraction) and by solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Rapid, low temperature recrystallization using solution methods results in a different crystalline modification, [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(ethene)2][BArF4]-Hex, that has a hexagonal microporous structure (P6322). The propene complex (x = 1) [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(propene)][BArF4] is characterized as having a π-bound alkene with a supporting γ-agostic Rh···H3C interaction at low temperature by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, variable temperature solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, as well as periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A fluxional process occurs in both the solid-state and solution that is proposed to proceed via a tautomeric allyl-hydride. Gas/solid catalytic isomerization of d3-propene, H2C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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CHCD3, using [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(η2η2-NBA)][BArF4] scrambles the D-label into all possible positions of the propene, as shown by isotopic perturbation of equilibrium measurements for the agostic interaction. Periodic DFT calculations show a low barrier to H/D exchange (10.9 kcal mol–1, PBE-D3 level), and GIPAW chemical shift calculations guide the assignment of the experimental data. When synthesized using solution routes a bis-propene complex, [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(propene)2][BArF4], is formed. [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(butene)][BArF4] (x = 1) is characterized as having 2-butene bound as the cis-isomer and a single Rh···H3C agostic interaction. In the solid-state two low-energy fluxional processes are proposed. The first is a simple libration of the 2-butene that exchanges the agostic interaction, and the second is a butene isomerization process that proceeds via an allyl-hydride intermediate with a low computed barrier of 14.5 kcal mol–1. [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(η2η2-NBA)][BArF4] and the polymorphs of [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(ethene)2][BArF4] are shown to be effective in solid-state molecular organometallic catalysis (SMOM-Cat) for the isomerization of 1-butene to a mixture of cis- and trans-2-butene at 298 K and 1 atm, and studies suggest that catalysis is likely dominated by surface-active species. [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(η2η2-NBA)][BArF4] is also shown to catalyze the transfer dehydrogenation of butane to 2-butene at 298 K using ethene as the sacrificial acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mark Chadwick
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratories , University of Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Alasdair I McKay
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratories , University of Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | | | - Nicholas H Rees
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratories , University of Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK .
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK .
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratories , University of Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
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