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Mast M, Schubert H, Mayer HA, Wesemann L. Trianionic Carbocyclic NCN Pincer Ligand: Coordination Chemistry and Reactivity Studies. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10860-10870. [PMID: 38804041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
(BCHT-NCN)H3 (1) [1,6-bis(methylene(bis-2,6-diisopropylaniline)(benzo)cycloheptatriene)] was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution treating 1,6-bis(methylenebromide)(benzo)cycloheptatriene with 2 equiv of Li[2,6-iPr2C6H3NH], Li[Dipp-NH]. Triple deprotonation of (BCHT-NCN)H3 (1) using n-BuLi yields the deprotonation product [(BCHT-NCN)Li3] (2), which crystallizes as a dimer [{[BCHT-NCN]Li3(Et2O)2}2] (2)2. Coordination compounds of the trianionic pincer ligand were obtained with SnCl2, YCl3(THF)3.5, and HfCl4(THF)2: [(BCHT-NCN)SnLi] (3), [(BCHT-NCN)Y(THF)2] (4), [(BCHT-NCN)HfCl2][Li(THF)4] (5), respectively. A hafnium hydride complex [(BCHT-NCN)HfH(HBEt3)][K(Et2O)2] (6) was isolated after reaction of 5 with K[HBEt3]. A MeNHC substitution product [(BCHT-NCN)HfCl(MeNHC)] (7) was synthesized treating compound 5 with MeNHC at rt. Following an n-BuLi reaction of 7 gives an alkyl complex [(BCHT-NCN)Hf(n-Bu)(MeNHC)] (8). Thermolysis of 7 yields the isomerization product [(BCHT-NCN#)HfCl(MeNHC)] (9), which was transferred into a methyl complex [(BCHT-NCN#)HfMe(MeNHC)] (10) upon treatment with MeMgBr. Hydride abstraction from complex 9 leads to a cationic complex [(BCHT-NCN+)HfCl(MeNHC)][Al(OtBuF)4] (11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Mast
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Hermann A Mayer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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2
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Gray NAG, Vargas-Baca I, Emslie DJH. A Synthetic, Structural, Spectroscopic, and Computational Study of Alkali Metal-Thioether, -Selenoether, and -Telluroether Interactions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16974-16985. [PMID: 37782565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The rigid thioether- and selenoether-containing pro-ligands, 4,5-bis(phenylsulfido)-2,7,9,9-tetramethylacridan (H[AS2Ph2] (1)) and 4,5-bis(phenylselenido)-2,7,9,9-tetramethylacridan (H[ASe2Ph2] (2)), were deprotonated with one equiv of nBuLi to afford dimeric lithium complexes [Li(AE2Ph2)]2 (E = S (3), Se (4)) or with one equiv of KCH2Ph to afford the previously reported potassium complexes [K(AS2Ph2)(dme)]x (5) and [K(ASe2Ph2)(dme)2] (6). Attempts to prepare a direct telluroether analogue of compounds 1-2 were unsuccessful. However, the bulky selenoether- and telluroether-containing pro-ligands 4,5-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenylselenido)-2,7,9,9-tetramethylacridan (H[ASe2Tripp2] (7)) and 4,5-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyltellurido)-2,7,9,9-tetramethylacridan (H[ATe2Tripp2] (8)) were accessed via the reaction of 4,5-dibromo-2,7,9,9-tetramethylacridan with three equiv of nBuLi, followed by the addition of two equiv of the corresponding diaryl dichalcogenide and quenching with dilute HCl(aq). The new selenoether- and telluroether-containing pro-ligands were subsequently deprotonated using KCH2Ph to afford [K(AE2Tripp2)(dme)2] (E = Se (9), Te (10)). Compounds 1-10 were characterized by 1H, 13C{1H}, 77Se{1H}, 125Te{1H}, and 7Li NMR spectroscopy, where applicable, and single-crystal X-ray structures were obtained for all lithium and potassium complexes (3-6 and 9-10). DFT calculations were also performed to assess the nature of bonding between the hard group 1 cations and the soft chalcogenoethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novan A G Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vargas-Baca
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - David J H Emslie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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3
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Vasanthakumar A, Price JS, Emslie DJH. Rare earth dialkyl cations and monoalkyl dications supported by a rigid neutral pincer ligand: synthesis and ethylene polymerization. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8514-8523. [PMID: 37592999 PMCID: PMC10430518 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01830j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction between 4,5-dibromo-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene and 2 equiv. of 1,3-diisopropylimidazolin-2-imine afforded the rigid neutral 2,7-di-tert-butyl-4,5-bis(1,3-diisopropylimidazolin-2-imino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (XII2) pincer ligand. Reaction of XII2 with YCl3(THF)3.5 provided [(XII2)YCl3] (1). However, compound 1 failed to react cleanly with 3 equiv. of LiCH2SiMe3, and the reaction of XII2 with [Y(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] afforded a complex mixture of products. To access group 3 alkyl complexes without the intermediacy of [(XII2)M(CH2SiMe3)3], the XII2 ligand was protonated using [H(OEt2)2][B(C6F5)4] to form [H(XII2)][B(C6F5)4], and subsequent reaction with [M(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] (M = Y, Sc) directly afforded the cationic scandium and yttrium dialkyl complexes [(XII2)M(CH2SiMe3)2][B(C6F5)4] {M = Y (2) and Sc (3)}. Reaction of 3 with B(C6F5)3 in C6D5Br afforded dicationic [(XII2)Sc(CH2SiMe2CH2SiMe3)][MeB(C6F5)3][B(C6F5)4] (4) featuring a CH2SiMe2CH2SiMe3 ligand, formed as a result of methyl anion abstraction from silicon, with concomitant migration of the neighbouring CH2SiMe3 group from scandium to silicon. The MeB(C6F5)3 anion in 4 forms a contact ion pair. By contrast, reaction of 1 with [CPh3][B(C6F5)3] in C6D5Br/toluene or o-C6H4F2/toluene afforded dicationic [(XII2)Sc(CH2SiMe3)(ηx-toluene)n][B(C6F5)4]2 (5). Compounds 2-4 showed negligible ethylene polymerization activity, whereas 5 is highly active (up to 870 kg mol-1 h-1 atm-1 in o-C6H4F2/toluene under 1 atm of ethylene at room temperature).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aathith Vasanthakumar
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Price
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - David J H Emslie
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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4
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Zhang XY, Zhai DD, Liu YF, Guan BT. A potassium magnesiate complex: Synthesis, structure and catalytic intermolecular hydroamination of styrenes. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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5
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Krämer F, Luff MS, Radius U, Weigend F, Breher F. NON‐Ligated
N
‐Heterocyclic Tetrylenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krämer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Martin S. Luff
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Philipps-Universität Marburg Department of Chemistry Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Dong S, Chen J, Qiao K, Fang J, Yang Y, Maron L, Liu B. Insights into Rare-Earth Metal Complex-Mediated Hydroamination. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Kening Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- LPCNO, University of Toulouse, INSA Toulouse 135, avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex 31077, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, University of Toulouse, INSA Toulouse 135, avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex 31077, France
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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7
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Low-valent iron and cobalt complexes supported by a rigid xanthene-based disilylamido ligand. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Vasanthakumar A, Emslie DJ, Britten JF. Alkyl yttrium complexes of doubly cyclometallated xanthene- and naphthalene-backbone bis(phosphinimine) ligands. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Sha F, Mitchell BS, Ye CZ, Abelson CS, Reinheimer EW, LeMagueres P, Ferrara JD, Takase MK, Johnson AR. Catalytic intramolecular hydroamination of aminoallenes using titanium complexes of chiral, tridentate, dianionic imine-diol ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9603-9616. [PMID: 30778494 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkylation of d- or l-phenylalanine or valine alkyl esters was carried out using methyl or phenyl Grignard reagents. Subsequent condensation with salicylaldehyde, 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde, or 5-fluorosalicylaldehyde formed tridentate, X2L type, Schiff base ligands. Chiral shift NMR confirmed retention of stereochemistry during synthesis. X-ray crystal structures of four of the ligands show either inter- or intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. The ligands coordinate to the titanium reagents Ti(NMe2)4 or TiCl(NMe2)3 by protonolysis and displacement of two equivalents of HNMe2. The crystal structure of one example of Ti(X2L)Cl(NMe2) was determined and the complex has a distorted square pyramidal geometry with an axial NMe2 ligand. The bis-dimethylamide complexes are active catalysts for the ring closing hydroamination of di- and trisubstituted aminoallenes. The reaction of hepta-4,5-dienylamine at 135 °C with 5 mol% catalyst gives a mixture of 6-ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine (40-72%) and both Z- and E-2-propenyl-pyrrolidine (25-52%). The ring closing reaction of 6-methyl-hepta-4,5-dienylamine at 135 °C with 5 mol% catalyst gives exclusively 2-(2-methyl-propenyl)-pyrrolidine. The pyrrolidine products are obtained with enantiomeric excesses up to 17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrui Sha
- Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Blvd., Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
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10
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Nguyen HN, Lee H, Audörsch S, Reznichenko AL, Nawara-Hultzsch AJ, Schmidt B, Hultzsch KC. Asymmetric Intra- and Intermolecular Hydroamination Catalyzed by 3,3′-Bis(trisarylsilyl)- and 3,3′-Bis(arylalkylsilyl)-Substituted Binaphtholate Rare-Earth-Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiep N. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Hyeunjoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Stephan Audörsch
- Institut für Chemie, Organische Synthesechemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander L. Reznichenko
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Agnieszka J. Nawara-Hultzsch
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Catalysis, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie, Organische Synthesechemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Kai C. Hultzsch
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Catalysis, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Edelmann FT. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Andreychuk NR, Emslie DJ, Jenkins HA, Britten JF. Cyclometallation following coordination of anionic and neutral Lewis bases to a uranium(IV) dialkyl complex. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Andreychuk NR, Dickie T, Emslie DJH, Jenkins HA. Thorium(iv) alkyl and allyl complexes of a rigid NON-donor pincer ligand with flanking 1-adamantyl substituents. Dalton Trans 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rigid new pincer pro-ligand, 4,5-bis(1-adamantylamino)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene, is described, with deprotonation and complexation to afford thorium(iv) chloro, alkyl, and allyl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara Dickie
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Hilary A. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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14
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Motolko KSA, Price JS, Emslie DJH, Jenkins HA, Britten JF. Zirconium Complexes of a Rigid, Dianionic Pincer Ligand: Alkyl Cations, Arene Coordination, and Ethylene Polymerization. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S. A. Motolko
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S. Price
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Hilary A. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - James F. Britten
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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15
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Motolko KSA, Emslie DJH, Jenkins HA, Britten JF. Potassium and Yttrium Complexes of a Rigid Bis‐Phosphido POP‐Donor Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S. A. Motolko
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology McMaster University 1280 Main St. West L8S 4M1 Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology McMaster University 1280 Main St. West L8S 4M1 Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Hilary A. Jenkins
- McMaster University Analytical X‐ray Diffraction Facility 1280 Main St. West L8S 4M1 Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - James F. Britten
- McMaster University Analytical X‐ray Diffraction Facility 1280 Main St. West L8S 4M1 Hamilton Ontario Canada
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16
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Motolko KSA, Emslie DJH, Britten JF. Rigid NON-donor pincer ligand complexes of lutetium and lanthanum: synthesis and hydroamination catalysis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rigid NON-donor pincer ligand was employed for the synthesis of neutral lutetium and anionic lanthanum alkyl complexes; the former is highly active for both intra- and inter-molecular hydroamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S. A. Motolko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - James F. Britten
- McMaster Analytical X-Ray (MAX) Diffraction Facility
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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17
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Hollingsworth TS, Hollingsworth RL, Rosen T, Groysman S. Zinc bimetallics supported by a xanthene-bridged dinucleating ligand: synthesis, characterization, and lactide polymerization studies. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-zinc complexes of a new dinucleating xanthene-based bis(iminophenolate) ligand have been synthesized, and their coordination chemistry and lactide polymerization activity have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomer Rosen
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel-Aviv University
- Tel-Aviv 69978
- Israel
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