1
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Lee VY. Organogermanium Analogues of Alkenes, Alkynes, 1,3-Dienes, Allenes, and Vinylidenes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041558. [PMID: 36838546 PMCID: PMC9960162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the latest achievements in the field of multiply bonded organogermanium derivatives, mostly reported within the last two decades, are presented. The isolable Ge-containing analogues of alkenes, alkynes, 1,3-dienes, allenes, and vinylidenes are discussed, and for each class of unsaturated organogermanium compounds, the most representative examples are given. The synthetic approaches toward homonuclear multiply bonded combinations solely consisting of germanium atoms, and their heteronuclear variants containing germanium and other group 14 elements, both acyclic and cyclic, are discussed. The peculiar structural features and nonclassical bonding nature of the abovementioned compounds are discussed based on their spectroscopic and structural characteristics, in particular their crystallographic parameters (double bond length, trans-bending at the doubly bonded centers, and twisting about the double bond). The prospects for the practical use of the title compounds in synthetic and catalytic fields are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ya Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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Arsenyeva KV, Piskunov AV. HETEROCYCLIC HEAVY ANALOGUES OF CARBENES: STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. REVIEW. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476623010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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3
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Yagura S, Hayakawa N, Kuroda A, Ota K, Tanishita R, Urasaki G, Nakahodo T, Nakai H, Hoshino M, Hashizume D, Matsuo T. A series of ( E)-1,2-diaryldigermenes incorporating bulky Eind groups: structural characteristics and absorption properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18633-18641. [PMID: 36448427 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03427a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of (E)-1,2-diaryldigermenes, (Eind)ArGeGeAr(Eind) [Ar = phenyl (2), thiophen-2-yl (3), 9,9-dimethyl-2-fluorenyl (4) and 2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl (5)], supported by the fused-ring bulky 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-octaethyl-s-hydrindacen-4-yl (Eind) groups, have been obtained as yellow-orange to red crystalline solids by the reaction of 1,2-dibromodigermene, (Eind)BrGeGeBr(Eind) (1), with ArLi. In the crystals of 2-5, the digermene cores show a flexible nature adopting a trans-bent geometry with the trans-bent angles (θ) between the Ge-Ge vector and the CEind-Ge-CAr plane of 34.04(12)° (2), 38.3(3)° and 38.8(3)° (3), 33.69(12)° (4) and 39.30(13)° (5). In the UV-vis spectra, strong π-π* absorptions have been observed with an absorption maximum at 451 nm (ε = 1.3 × 104) (2), 455 nm (ε = 9.7 × 103) (3), 480 nm (ε = 1.3 × 104) (4) and 497 nm (ε = 1.4 × 104) (5), retaining the GeGe double bond in solution. The absorption data and DFT calculations provide evidence for the intrinsic π-conjugation between the GeGe chromophore and aromatic rings involving the narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO gaps (ΔE) with the extension of the carbon π-electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Yagura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Naoki Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Airi Kuroda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Kei Ota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Rhota Tanishita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Genya Urasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Nakahodo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Nakai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Manabu Hoshino
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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4
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Koner A, Morgenstern B, Andrada DM. Metathesis Reactions of a NHC‐Stabilized Phosphaborene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203345. [PMID: 35583052 PMCID: PMC9401048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The BP unsaturated unit is a very attractive functional group as it provides novel reactivity and unique physical properties. Nonetheless, applications remain limited so far due to the bulky nature of B/P‐protecting groups, required to prevent oligomerization. Herein, we report the synthesis and isolation of a N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized phosphaborene, bearing a trimethylsilyl (TMS) functionality at the P‐terminal, as a room‐temperature‐stable crystalline solid accessible via facile NHC‐induced trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) elimination from its phosphinoborane precursor. This phosphaborene compound, bearing a genuine B=P bond, exhibits a remarkable ability for undergoing P‐centre metathesis reactions, which allows the isolation of a series of unprecedented phosphaborenes. X‐ray crystallographic analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculations provide insights into the B=P bonding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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5
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Chen M, Lei B, Wang X, Rong H, Song H, Mo Z. A Silylene‐Stabilized Germanium Analogue of Alkynylaluminum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204495. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Binglin Lei
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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6
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Koner A, Morgenstern B, Andrada DM. Metathese Reaktionen eines NHC‐stabilisierten Phosphaborens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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7
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Goldshtein Y, Glagovsky Y, Tumanskii B, Fridman N, Bravo‐Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. Synthesis of Genuine Germenyl Lithiums and the First Persistent Germenyl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202452. [PMID: 35438228 PMCID: PMC9320928 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The first isolated genuine germenyl lithiums (R3Si)(1‐Ad)C=Ge(SiMetBu2)(Li⋅2 L) (R3Si=tBu2MeSi, L=THF (1
a), or L=12‐crown‐4 (1
b) and R3Si=tBuMe2Si, L=THF (2
a), or L=12‐crown‐4 (2
b)), were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding acyl germanes 3 and 4, respectively, with tBu2MeSiLi in THF at 70 °C. The novel 1
a and 2
b were characterized by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and also by X‐ray crystallography (r(C=Ge)=1.865 Å for 1
a and 1.877 Å for 2
b). Nucleophilic addition reaction of 1
a with MeI and a C−H insertion reactions to the C=Ge bond of 1
a, 2
a and 2
b, are reported. Oxidation of 1
a and 2
b (toluene, 230 K) produces the first persistent germenyl radicals (R3Si)(1‐Ad)C=Ge⋅‐(SiMetBu2) (R3Si=tBu2MeSi (13
a), R3Si=tBuMe2Si (13
b)), which were characterized by EPR spectroscopy (t1/2≈30 min at 230 K, g=2.029, aav(73Ge) is 55.0G for 13
a and 60.2G for 13
b). The experimental EPR parameters and DFT calculations indicate that 13
a and 13
b have a strongly bent structure at Ge (calc. ∡(C=Ge−Si)=136.7° (13
a), 135.9° (13
b)), and that the unpaired electron has a substantial s‐character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Goldshtein
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Yuri Glagovsky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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8
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Chen M, Lei B, Wang X, Rong H, Song H, Mo Z. A Silylene‐Stabilized Germanium Analogue of Alkynylaluminum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Binglin Lei
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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9
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Goldshtein Y, Glagovsky Y, Tumanskii B, Fridman N, Bravo‐Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. Synthesis of Genuine Germenyl Lithiums and the First Persistent Germenyl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Goldshtein
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Yuri Glagovsky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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10
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Oishi T, Lugo-Fuentes LI, Jing Y, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Barroso-Flores J, Nakamoto M, Yamamoto Y, Tsunoji N, Shang R. Proton to hydride umpolung at a phosphonium center via electron relay: a new strategy for main-group based water reduction. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15603-15608. [PMID: 35003590 PMCID: PMC8654027 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of dihydrogen from water splitting, also known as water reduction, is a key process to access a sustainable hydrogen economy for energy production and usage. The key step is the selective reduction of a protic hydrogen to an accessible and reactive hydride, which has proven difficult at a p-block element. Although frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry is well known for water activation by heterolytic H-OH bond cleavage, to the best of our knowledge, there has been only one case showing water reduction by metal-free FLP systems to date, in which silylene (SiII) was used as the Lewis base. This work reports the molecular design and synthesis of an ortho-phenylene linked bisborane-functionalized phosphine, which reacts with water stoichiometrically to generate H2 and phosphine oxide quantitatively under ambient conditions. Computational investigations revealed an unprecedented multi-centered electron relay mechanism offered by the molecular framework, shuttling a pair of electrons from hydroxide (OH-) in water to the separated proton through a borane-phosphonium-borane path. This simple molecular design and its water reduction mechanism opens new avenues for this main-group chemistry in their growing roles in chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Oishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Leonardo I Lugo-Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Gto Noria Alta s/n 36050 Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Yichuan Jing
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - J Oscar C Jimenez-Halla
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Gto Noria Alta s/n 36050 Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Joaquín Barroso-Flores
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Unidad San Cayetano 50200 Toluca de lerdo México
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, alcaldía de Coyoacán CP 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Nao Tsunoji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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11
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Klemmer L, Thömmes AL, Zimmer M, Huch V, Morgenstern B, Scheschkewitz D. Metathesis of Ge=Ge double bonds. Nat Chem 2021; 13:373-377. [PMID: 33649497 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The metathesis of carbon-carbon double bonds-the 'reshuffling' of their constituting carbene fragments-is a tremendously important preparative tool in industry and academia. Metathesis of heavier alkene homologues is restricted to occasional unproductive examples in phosphorus chemistry and cross-metathesis to mixed heavier alkynes. We now report the thermally induced, transition-metal-free metathesis of purpose-built unsymmetrically substituted digermenes. The A2Ge=GeAB starting materials are thus converted to symmetrically substituted derivatives of the A2Ge=GeA2 and ABGe=GeAB types. The use of tethered auxiliary donors (dimethylaniline groups) in substituents B ensures intramolecular donor-acceptor stabilization of the transient germylene fragments, the intermediacy of which is proven by trapping experiments. Density functional theory calculations shed light on the thermodynamic driving force of the metathesis and validate the crucial role of the tethered donor. With an analogously equipped bridged tetragermadiene precursor (A2Ge=GeB-X-BGe=GeA2), heavier acyclic diene metathesis polymerization occurs, in analogy to the widespread acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization in the carbon case, yielding a polydigermene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Klemmer
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Thömmes
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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12
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Majhi PK, Huch V, Scheschkewitz D. A Mixed Heavier Si=Ge Analogue of a Vinyl Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:242-246. [PMID: 32991043 PMCID: PMC7821269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The versatile reactivities of disilenides and digermenide, heavier analogues of vinyl anions, have significantly expanded the pool of silicon and germanium compounds with various unexpected structural motifs in the past two decades. We now report the synthesis and isolation of a cyclic heteronuclear vinyl anion analogue with a Si=Ge bond, potassium silagermenide as stable thf-solvate and 18-c-6 solvate by the KC8 reduction of germylene or digermene precursors. Its suitability as synthon for the synthesis of functional silagermenes is proven by the reactions with chlorosilane and chlorophospane to yield the corresponding silyl- and phosphanyl-silagermenes. X-ray crystallographic analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy and DFT calculations revealed a significant degree of π-conjugation between N=C and Si=Ge double bonds in the title compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Majhi
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
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13
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Majhi PK, Huch V, Scheschkewitz D. Ein gemischtes, schwereres Si=Ge Analogon eines Vinylanions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Majhi
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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14
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Tsys KV, Chegerev MG, Fukin GK, Starikov AG, Piskunov AV. Low-valent oligogermanium amidophenolate complex comprising a unique Ge4 chain. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Yildiz CB. A DFT study on the oxidation of cyclotrisilene by nitrous oxide: the σ- and π-bonds reactivity. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-019-2540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Klemmer L, Kaiser Y, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D. Persistent Digermenes with Acyl and α-Chlorosilyl Functionalities. Chemistry 2019; 25:12187-12195. [PMID: 31306508 PMCID: PMC6852044 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation of α‐chlorosilyl‐ and acyl‐substituted digermenes. Unlike the corresponding transient disilenes, these species with a Ge=Ge double bond show an unexpectedly low tendency for cyclization, but in turn are prone to thermal Ge=Ge bond cleavage. Triphenylsilyldigermene has been isolated as a crystalline model compound, and is the first fully characterized example of a neutral digermene with an A2GeGeAB substitution pattern. Spectroscopic and computational evidence prove the constitution of 1‐adamantoyldigermene as a first persistent species with a heavy double bond conjugated with a carbonyl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Klemmer
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kaiser
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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17
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Krebs KM, Hanselmann D, Schubert H, Wurst K, Scheele M, Wesemann L. Phosphine-Stabilized Digermavinylidene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3424-3429. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian M. Krebs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Hanselmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Wurst
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Klemmer L, Huch V, Jana A, Scheschkewitz D. An anionic heterosiliconoid with two germanium vertices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10100-10103. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of dismutational 1,4-digermatetrasilabenzene isomer gives lithium digermatetrasila-benzpolarenide (R = Tip = 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2). The positions of its Ge vertices yield mechanistic insights; its reaction with SiCl4 proves its nucleophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Klemmer
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500107
- India
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
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