1
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Tonis E, Tzouras NV, Bracho Pozsoni N, Saab M, Bhandary S, Van Hecke K, Nelson DJ, Nahra F, Nolan SP, Vougioukalakis GC. Modular Synthesis of Azines Bearing a Guanidine Core from N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Derived Selenoureas and Diazo Reagents. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401816. [PMID: 38989823 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-derived selenoureas comprise a fundamentally important class of NHC derivatives, with key applications in coordination chemistry and the determination of NHC electronic properties. Considering the broad reactivity of chalcogen-containing compounds, it is surprising to note that the use of NHC-derived selenoureas as organic synthons remains essentially unexplored. The present contribution introduces a novel, straightforward transformation leading to azines bearing a guanidine moiety, through the reaction of a wide range of NHC-derived selenoureas with commercially available diazo compounds, in the presence of triphenylphosphine. This transformation offers a new approach to such products, having biological, materials chemistry, and organic synthesis applications. The guanidine-bearing azines are obtained in excellent yields, with all manipulations taking place in air. A reaction mechanism is proposed, based on both experimental mechanistic findings and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A one-pot, multicomponent transesterification reaction between selenoureas, α-diazoesters, alcohols, and triphenylphosphine was also developed, providing highly functionalized azines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Tonis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nestor Bracho Pozsoni
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georgios C Vougioukalakis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
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2
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Leung JN, Huynh HV. Mesoionic Janus-Type Dicarbene: Complexes, Adducts, and Catalytic Studies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402127. [PMID: 38953274 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The preparations of homo- and hetero-bimetallic complexes as well as thiourea and selenourea derivatives of a mesoionic Janus-type N-heterocyclic dicarbene (diNHC) are reported. Analogues of its monocationic intermediate NHC have also been obtained for comparison. Using the main group adducts, the π-acceptor properties of both NHCs were determined using low temperature 77Se NMR spectroscopy completing their stereoelectronic profiling. Moreover, catalytic investigations reveal that the mesoionic dipalladium Janus-diNHC complex can be used in the sequential C2- and C5-arylation of 1-methylpyrrole for the preparation of non-symmetrical 2,5-diarylpyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Nuo Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117453, Republic of Singapore
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117453, Republic of Singapore
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3
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Franc M, Schulz J, Štěpnička P. Facile synthesis and bonding of 4-ferrocenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11445-11453. [PMID: 38904982 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01433b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Ferrocene-substituted carbenes have emerged as attractive, redox-active ligands. However, among the compounds studied to date, ferrocenylated 1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidenes, which are closely related to the archetypal imidazol-2-ylidenes, are still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the triazolium salt [CHN(Me)NCHN(Fc)]I (2; Fc = ferrocenyl), obtained by alkylation of 4-ferrocenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (1) with MeI, reacts selectively with metal alkoxide/hydroxide precursors [(cod)Rh(OMe)]2 and [(IPr)Au(OH)] (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene, IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) to produce the ferrocene-substituted 1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene complexes [(cod)RhI{CN(Me)NCHN(Fc)}] and [(IPr)Au{CN(Me)NCHN(Fc)}]I in good yields. The complexes were characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Density function theory (DFT) calculations were used to rationalise the electrochemical behaviour of the carbene complexes and to elucidate the bonding situation in these compounds. An analysis using intrinsic bond orbitals (IBOs) revealed that the 1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene ligand exerted a strong trans influence and showed a synergistic stabilisation by the negative inductive and positive π-donor effects of the nitrogen atoms adjacent to the carbene carbon atom; these effects were enhanced by conjugation with the CHN bond at the exterior, similar to that in imidazol-2-ylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Franc
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Schulz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Štěpnička
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
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4
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Padunnappattu A, Duhayon C, César V, Canac Y. Bis( N-cyclopropenio)-imidazol-2-ylidene: An N-Heterocyclic Carbene Bearing Two N-Cationic Substituents. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Padunnappattu
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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5
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Kim H, Lee E. Ambiphilic singlet carbenes: Electron donors and acceptors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
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Hölzel T, Belyaev A, Terzi M, Stenzel L, Gernert M, Marian CM, Steffen A, Ganter C. Linear Carbene Pyridine Copper Complexes with Sterically Demanding N, N'-Bis(trityl)imidazolylidene: Syntheses, Molecular Structures, and Photophysical Properties. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18529-18543. [PMID: 34793149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sterically demanding carbene ITr (N,N'-bis(triphenylmethyl)imidazolylidene) was used as a ligand for the preparation of luminescent copper(I) complexes of the type [(ITr)Cu(R-pyridine/R'-quinoline)]BF4 (R = H, 4-CN, 4-CHO, 2,6-NH2, and R' = 8-Cl, 6-Me). The selective formation of linear, bis(coordinated) complexes was observed for a series of pyridine and quinoline derivatives. Only in the case of 4-cyanopyridine a one-dimensional coordination polymer was formed, in which the cyano group of the cyanopyridine ligand additionally binds to another Cu atom in a bridging manner, thus leading to a trigonal planar coordination environment. In contrast, employing sterically less demanding monotrityl-substituted carbene 3, no (NHC)Cu-pyridine complexes could be prepared. Instead, a bis-carbene complex [(3)2Cu]PF6 was obtained which showed no luminescence. All linear pyridine/quinoline coordinated complexes show weak emission in solution but intense blue to orange luminescence doped with 10% in PMMA films and in the solid state either from triplet excited states with unusually long lifetimes of up to 4.8 ms or via TADF with high radiative rate constants of up to 1.7 × 105 s-1 at room temperature. Combined density functional theory and multireference configuration interaction calculations have been performed to rationalize the involved photophysics of these complexes. They reveal a high density of low-lying electronic states with mixed MLCT, LLCT, and LC character where the electronic structures of the absorbing and emitting state are not necessarily identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Hölzel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Meryem Terzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Stenzel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Gernert
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christel M Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Ganter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Qi X, Lan Y. Recent Advances in Theoretical Studies on Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transformations. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2905-2915. [PMID: 34232609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal carbene plays a vital role in modern organic synthesis. The neutral divalent carbon of metal carbene renders it an active intermediate throughout a range of reactions. In experiments, diverse metal carbene-related transformation reactions have been established, including transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions using N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands, metal carbene insertion into σ bonds, cyclopropanations, ylide formation, and so forth. The remarkable progress achieved in synthetic chemistry, in turn, has increased the demand for mechanistic studies of carbene chemistry. A thorough understanding of reaction mechanisms can extend the application scope of metal carbene compounds and inspire the rational design of new carbene transformation reactions.Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed in our group to gain more mechanistic insights into metal carbene-related reactions. This account focuses on computational studies of transition-metal-catalyzed carbene transformation reactions with nucleophiles. The generation of metal carbene or metal-ligated free carbene and subsequent carbene transformation pathways is discussed. According to our mechanistic studies of carbene transformation with nucleophiles, three generalized reaction models are summarized, including the intramolecular migratory insertion of metal carbene, intermolecular nucleophilic addition toward metal carbene, and outer-sphere nucleophilic addition to the metal-ligated free carbene.In general, the intermolecular nucleophilic addition mechanism is commonly proposed since metal carbene has an electrophilic carbene carbon. From a mechanistic point of view, the intramolecular migratory insertion mechanism is also widely used because metal carbene insertion into σ bonds formally occurs through this mechanism. An outer-sphere nucleophilic addition mechanism is proposed for reactions that form a metal-ligated free carbene complex instead of the commonly proposed metal carbene. The metal-ligated free carbene complex contains a naked carbene carbon that is not coordinated with the metal center. In this case, a transition-metal catalyst is used only as a Lewis acid, and nucleophilic addition occurs directly at the free carbene carbon. Our computational results suggested that outer-sphere nucleophilic addition is a facile step because metal ligation could stabilize the transition state as well as the generated intermediate. The intramolecular migratory insertion mechanism also has a low energy barrier due to the lack of an entropy penalty. Carbene formation from carbene precursors is usually the rate-determining step, except in intermolecular nucleophilic addition, and the reactivity of nucleophiles has a significant influence on the overall reaction rate. We can also envision that the weak nucleophilicity of nucleophiles would suppress outer-sphere nucleophilic addition. These computational studies showcase the characteristics of three carbene transformation models, and we hope that it will spur the development of mechanistic studies of carbene chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Qi
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
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8
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9
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Junor GP, Lorkowski J, Weinstein CM, Jazzar R, Pietraszuk C, Bertrand G. The Influence of C(sp
3
)H–Selenium Interactions on the
77
Se NMR Quantification of the π‐Accepting Properties of Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22028-22033. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen P. Junor
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Jan Lorkowski
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry Department of Organometallic Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań ul, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Cory M. Weinstein
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Cezary Pietraszuk
- Faculty of Chemistry Department of Organometallic Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań ul, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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10
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Junor GP, Lorkowski J, Weinstein CM, Jazzar R, Pietraszuk C, Bertrand G. The Influence of C(sp
3
)H–Selenium Interactions on the
77
Se NMR Quantification of the π‐Accepting Properties of Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen P. Junor
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Jan Lorkowski
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry Department of Organometallic Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań ul, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Cory M. Weinstein
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Cezary Pietraszuk
- Faculty of Chemistry Department of Organometallic Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań ul, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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11
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Hölzel T, Ganter C. Influence of ring substituents on the electronic properties of 1,2,4-triazolylidenes. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Barthes C, Duhayon C, Canac Y, César V. N-Cyclopropenio-imidazol-2-ylidene: An N-heterocyclic carbene bearing an N-cationic substituent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3305-3308. [PMID: 32073051 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cationic NHC 1+ bearing an N-bound 2,3-bis(diisopropylamino)cyclopropenium group is reported. From an easily available dicationic imidazolium precursor, the coordination abilities and stereo-electronic properties of 1+ are evaluated by the formation of Pd(ii), Rh(i) and Au(i) complexes. The cationic gold(i) complex is implemented in representative intramolecular Au(i)-catalyzed cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Barthes
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
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13
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Deev S, Batsyts S, Sheina E, Shestakova TS, Khalimbadzha I, Kiskin MA, Charushin V, Chupakhin O, Paramonov AS, Shenkarev ZO, Namyslo JC, Schmidt A. Betaine–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Interconversions of Quinazolin‐4‐One Imidazolium Mesomeric Betaines. Sulfur, Selenium, and Borane Adduct Formation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Deev
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Sviatoslav Batsyts
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Ekaterina Sheina
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | | | | | - Mikhail A. Kiskin
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, RAS 31 Leninsky Av. 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Valery Charushin
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
- E I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street 620219 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Oleg Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Street 620002 Yekaterinburg Russia
- E I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street 620219 Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Alexander S. Paramonov
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 16/10 Miklukho‐Maklaya Street 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 16/10 Miklukho‐Maklaya Street 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Jan C. Namyslo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
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14
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Jawiczuk M, Janaszkiewicz A, Trzaskowski B. The influence of the cationic carbenes on the initiation kinetics of ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts; a DFT study. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2872-2880. [PMID: 30546471 PMCID: PMC6278762 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic carbenes are a relatively new and rare group of ancillary ligands, which have shown their superior activity in a number of challenging catalytic reactions. In ruthenium-based metathesis catalysis they are often used as ammonium tags, to provide water-soluble, environment-friendly catalysts. In this work we performed computational studies on three cationic carbenes with the formal positive charge located at different distances from the carbene carbon. We show that the predicted initiation rates of Grubbs, indenylidene, and Hoveyda–Grubbs-like complexes incorporating these carbenes show little variance and are similar to initiation rates of standard Grubbs, indenylidene, and Hoveyda–Grubbs catalysts. In all investigated cases the partial charge of the carbene carbon atom is similar, resulting in comparable Ccarbene–Ru bond strengths and Ru–P/O dissociation Gibbs free energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jawiczuk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
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15
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Brüggemann P, Wahl M, Schwengers S, Buhl H, Ganter C. Access to a Cationic, Electron-Poor N-Heterocyclic Carbene with a Quinazolinium Core by Postsynthetic Modification of Related Neutral Derivatives. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brüggemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Abteilung Metallorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Wahl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Abteilung Metallorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwengers
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Abteilung Metallorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannes Buhl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Abteilung Metallorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Ganter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Abteilung Metallorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Canac Y. Carbeniophosphines versus Phosphoniocarbenes: The Role of the Positive Charge. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1872-1887. [PMID: 29761658 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of carbeniophosphines and phosphoniocarbenes, which have general structures derived formally from the three-component "carbene/phosphine/positive charge" association, is presented. These two complementary classes of carbon-phosphorus-based ligands, defined by the presence of an inverted cationic coordinating structure (C+ ∼P: vs. P+ ∼C:) have the common purpose of positioning a positive charge in the vicinity of the metal center. Through selected examples, the synthetic methods, coordination properties, and general reactivity of both cationic species is described. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of the positive charge on the respective chemical behavior of the two classes of compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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18
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Iglesias-Sigüenza J, Izquierdo C, Díez E, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM. N-Heterotricyclic cationic carbene ligands. Synthesis, reactivity and coordination chemistry. Dalton Trans 2018. [PMID: 29528072 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes based on cationic N-heterotricyclic carbenes have been synthesized and the impact of charge delocalization on their electronic properties has been analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Iglesias-Sigüenza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Cristina Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Elena Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-USe) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
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