1
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Du T, Zhang P, Jiao Z, Zhou J, Ding Y. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Frustrated Lewis Pairs for the Activation and Transformation of CO 2. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400208. [PMID: 38607325 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Due to the serious ecological problems caused by the high CO2 content in the atmosphere, reducing atmospheric CO2 has attracted widespread attention from academia and governments. Among the many ways to mitigate CO2 concentration, the capture and comprehensive utilization of CO2 through chemical methods have obvious advantages, whose key is to develop suitable adsorbents and catalysts. Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are known to bind CO2 through the interaction between unquenched Lewis acid sites/Lewis base sites with the O/C of CO2, simultaneously achieving CO2 capture and activation, which render FLP better potential for CO2 utilization. However, how to construct efficient FLP targeted for CO2 utilization and the mechanism of CO2 activation have not been systematically reported. This review firstly provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in the field of CO2 capture, activation, and transformation with the help of FLP, including the construction of homogeneous and heterogeneous FLPs, their interaction with CO2, reaction activity, and mechanism study. We also illustrated the challenges and opportunities faced in this field to shed light on the prospective research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Du
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, Peoples R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Dongnandaxue Rd, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, Peoples R. China
| | - Zhen Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Dongnandaxue Rd, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R. China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Dongnandaxue Rd, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R. China
| | - Yuxiao Ding
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, Peoples R. China
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2
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Le Moigne L, Posenato T, Gajan D, Lesage de la Haye J, Raynaud J, Lacôte E. Catalyst-Free Transfer Hydrogenation from Amine-Borane Small Oligomers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202300145. [PMID: 37814903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Amine-borane dimers and oligomers with varied steric and electronic profiles were prepared via capping agent-controlled AA/BB polycondensations. They were used for transfer hydrogenations to aldehydes, ketones, imines as well as electron-poor alkene/alkyne moieties. The amine-borane Lewis-paired oligomers and the congested bis(amine-borane)s provided the highest yields. This was likely helped by facilitated dissociation (oligomers) or H-bond assistance. In the case of the oligomers, the second equivalent of H2 present was also engaged in the reaction. Solid-state NMR characterization provides evidence that the boron-containing materials obtained after transfer dehydrogenation are highly similar to those obtained from thermal dehydrogenation. The oligomers bridge the gap between simple amine-borane molecular reductants and the poly-amine-boranes and provide a full picture of the reactivity changes at the different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Le Moigne
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, UMR 5278, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tommaso Posenato
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, CP2 M -, UMR 5128, PolyCatMat, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Gajan
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR5082, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jennifer Lesage de la Haye
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, UMR 5278, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Raynaud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, CP2 M -, UMR 5128, PolyCatMat, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, UMR 5278, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
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3
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Frenette BL, Rivard E. Frustrated Lewis Pair Chelation in the p-Block. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302332. [PMID: 37677126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have been the subject of considerable study since the field's inception. While much of the research into FLPs has centered around small molecule activation for diverse stoichiometric and catalytic transformations, intramolecular FLPs also show promise as chelating ligands. The cooperative action of Lewis basic and acidic moieties enables intramolecular FLPs to stabilize low oxidation state centers and (consequently) reactive molecular fragments through a donor-acceptor approach, making them an attractive ligand class in main group element chemistry. This review outlines the state of FLP chelation to date throughout the p-block, encompassing primarily groups 13-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Frenette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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4
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Yang MC, Zhang ZF, Su MD. Understanding the Reactivity of Combination Reactions of Intramolecular Geminal Group 13 Element/Phosphorus and Gallium/Group 15 Element Frustrated Lewis Pairs with CS 2. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12959-12976. [PMID: 35930703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of CS2 captured by intramolecular geminal G13/P-based (G13 = group 13 elements) and Ga/G15-based (G15 = group 15 elements) frustrated Lewis pairs have been theoretically examined by using density functional theory (DFT) computations. With regard to the nine FLP-related compounds, our DFT calculated results reveal that only Al/P-Rea and Ga/P-Rea can kinetically and thermodynamically precede the energetically feasible combination reactions with CS2 to form the five-membered heterocyclic adducts. Our activation strain model analyses on the nine aforementioned model molecules indicate that the atomic radius of the Lewis acceptor (G13) and the Lewis donor (G15) plays a role in controlling their barrier heights to obtain good orbital overlaps among G13/P-Rea, Ga/G15-Rea, and CS2. Our theoretical observations based on the energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) approach strongly indicate that the donor-acceptor bonding (i.e., singlet-singlet bonding) rather than the electron-sharing bonding (i.e., triplet-triplet bonding) plays a central role in determining the bonding conditions of the transition states, G13/P-TS and Ga/G15-TS. In addition, the theoretical evidence obtained by the frontier molecular orbital theory and EDA-NOCV analyses reveals that the best description for the bonding natures of the combination reactions of intramolecular geminal G13/P-Rea and Ga/G15-Rea with CS2 is the lone pair(G15) → p-π*(C) interaction rather than the p-π*(G13) ← p-π(S) interaction. Moreover, our present DFT computations concerning the calculated structures and corresponding relative energetics of the stationary points connected with the aforementioned sophisticated approaches are in accordance with the Hammond postulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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5
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Gehlhaar A, Weinert HM, Wölper C, Semleit N, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Bisstibane-distibane conversion via consecutive single-electron oxidation and reduction reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6682-6685. [PMID: 35587096 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01986h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
peri-Substituted naphthalene complexes (Trip2Pn)2Naph (Pn = Sb 1, Bi 2) were synthesised and their redox behaviour investigated. Oxidation of 1 with [Fc][BArF] (BArF = B(C6F5)4) yielded [(Trip2Sb)(TripSb)Naph][BArF] (3) containing the stibane-coordinated stibenium cation [(Trip2Sb)(TripSb)Naph]+. Subsequent reduction of 3 with KC8 yielded distibane (TripSb)2Naph (4). 1-4 were characterised by NMR (1H, 13C) and IR spectroscopy as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD), while their electronic structures were analysed by quantum chemical computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gehlhaar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Hanns Micha Weinert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Nina Semleit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany. .,Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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6
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Stephan DW. Diverse Uses of the Reaction of Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) with Hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20002-20014. [PMID: 34786935 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The articulation of the notion of "frustrated Lewis pairs" (FLPs) emerged from the discovery that H2 can be reversibly activated by combinations of sterically encumbered main group Lewis acids and bases. This has prompted numerous studies focused on various perturbations of the Lewis acid/base combinations and the applications to organic reductions. This Perspective focuses on the new directions and developments that are emerging from this FLP chemistry involving hydrogen. Three areas are discussed including new applications and approaches to FLP reductions, the reductions of small molecules, and the advances in heterogeneous FLP systems. These foci serve to illustrate that despite having its roots in main group chemistry, this simple concept of FLPs is being applied across the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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7
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Tendyck JC, Hepp A, Würthwein E, Uhl W. New Reactivity Patterns in 3H‐Phosphaallene Chemistry [Aryl‐P=C=C(H)‐
t
Bu]: Hydroboration of the C=C Bond, Deprotonation and Trimerisation. Chemistry 2020; 26:15977-15988. [PMID: 32618025 PMCID: PMC7756809 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
3H‐Phosphaallenes, R−P=C=C(H)C−R’ (3), are accessible in a multigram scale on a new and facile route and show a fascinating chemical reactivity. BH3(SMe2) and 3 a (R=Mes*, R’=tBu) afforded by hydroboration of the C=C bonds of two phosphaallene molecules an unprecedented borane (7) with the B atom bound to two P=C double bonds. This compound represents a new FLP based on a B and two P atoms. The increased Lewis acidity of the B atom led to a different reaction course upon treatment of 3 a with H2B‐C6F5(SMe2). Hydroboration of a C=C bond of a first phosphaallene is followed in a typical FLP reaction by the coordination of a second phosphaallene molecule via B−C and P−B bond formation to yield a BP2C2 heterocycle (8). Its B−P bond is short and the B‐bound P atom has a planar surrounding. Treatment of 3 a with tBuLi resulted in deprotonation of the β‐C atom of the phosphaallene (9). The Li atom is bound to the P atom as demonstrated by crystal structure determination, quantum chemical calculations and reactions with HCl, Cl‐SiMe3 or Cl‐PtBu2. The thermally unstable phosphaallene Ph−P=C=C(H)‐tBu gave a unique trimeric secondary product by P−P, P−C and C−C bond formation. It contains a P2C4 heterocycle and was isolated as a W(CO)4 complex with two P atoms coordinated to W (15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C. Tendyck
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ernst‐Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
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8
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Wilson DWN, Feld J, Goicoechea JM. A Phosphanyl-Phosphagallene that Functions as a Frustrated Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20914-20918. [PMID: 32615007 PMCID: PMC7693089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Phosphagallenes (1 a/1 b) featuring double bonds between phosphorus and gallium were synthesized by reaction of (phosphanyl)phosphaketenes with the gallium carbenoid Ga(Nacnac) (Nacnac=HC[C(Me)N(2,6-i-Pr2 C6 H3 )]2 ). The stability of these species is dependent on the saturation of the phosphanyl moiety. 1 a, which bears an unsaturated phosphanyl ring, rearranges in solution to yield a spirocyclic compound (2) which contains a P=P bond. The saturated variant 1 b is stable even at elevated temperatures. 1 b behaves as a frustrated Lewis pair capable of activation of H2 and forms a 1:1 adduct with CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. N. Wilson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Joey Feld
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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9
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Wilson DWN, Feld J, Goicoechea JM. A Phosphanyl‐Phosphagallene that Functions as a Frustrated Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. N. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Joey Feld
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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10
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Aman M, Dostál L, Mikysek T, Růžičková Z, Mebs S, Beckmann J, Jambor R. Study of Donor–Acceptor Bonds on the
N
‐Coordinated Sn/Pb(II) Atoms in
peri
‐Substituted Naphthalenes: Evidence of Pb→B Interaction. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Aman
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mikysek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
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11
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Tolzmann M, Schürmann L, Hepp A, Uhl W, Layh M. Hydrosilylation and Hydrogermylation of CO
2
and CS
2
by Al and Ga Functionalized Silanes and Germanes – Cooperative Reactivity with Formation of Silyl Formates and Disilylacetals. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tolzmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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12
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Uebing M, Hepp A, Uhl W. MCl 2 Molecules (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) Coordinated by Trifunctional E/P 2-Based FLPs (E = Ga, In): Chelating Coordination of the Metal Atoms and Activation of M–Cl Bonds by E–Cl Interactions. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marten Uebing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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13
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Simon M, Radius M, Wagner HE, Breher F. Imidazolyl Alanes – Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Simon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Hanna E. Wagner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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14
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Boom DHA, de Boed EJJ, Nicolas E, Nieger M, Ehlers AW, Jupp AR, Slootweg JC. Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Amine‐Boranes using Geminal Phosphino‐Boranes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin H. A. Boom
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS) University of Amsterdam 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ewoud J. J. de Boed
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS) University of Amsterdam 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Nicolas
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS) University of Amsterdam 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS) University of Amsterdam 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS) University of Amsterdam 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS) University of Amsterdam 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
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15
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Brand A, Hentschel A, Hepp A, Uhl W. Dihalides of Sterically Constrained Tricyclic Phosphines, Lewis Acidity and Fluoride Affinity, Chloride Abstraction, and a Phosphonium Cation, Dimethylphosphorane. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brand
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Anne Hentschel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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16
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Bhattacharjee I, Bhunya S, Paul A. Frustrated Lewis Acid–Base-Pair-Catalyzed Amine-Borane Dehydrogenation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1046-1056. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Bhattacharjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sourav Bhunya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Ankan Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
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17
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Cabrera-Trujillo JJ, Fernández I. Understanding the Reactivity of Neutral Geminal Group 14 Element/Phosphorus Frustrated Lewis Pairs. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10095-10101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Juan Cabrera-Trujillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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18
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Uhl W, Hengesbach F, Isermann J, Soleimani M, Schürmann L, Hepp A, Layh M. New Ga/N‐based Active Lewis Pairs, Trifunctional Ga–Ga Compounds, Reactions with Cyanamide and Dual Insertion of Isocyanate. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Hengesbach
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Jennifer Isermann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Meisam Soleimani
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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Sun X, Zhu Q, Xie Z, Su W, Zhu J, Zhu C. An Unprecedented Ga/P Frustrated Lewis Pair: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2019; 25:14295-14299. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), andDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry, and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), andDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry, and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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20
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Boom DHA, Jupp AR, Slootweg JC. Dehydrogenation of Amine-Boranes Using p-Block Compounds. Chemistry 2019; 25:9133-9152. [PMID: 30964220 PMCID: PMC6771515 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Amine-boranes have gained a lot of attention due to their potential as hydrogen storage materials and their capacity to act as precursors for transfer hydrogenation. Therefore, a lot of effort has gone into the development of suitable transition- and main-group metal catalysts for the dehydrogenation of amine-boranes. During the past decade, new systems started to emerge solely based on p-block elements that promote the dehydrogenation of amine-boranes through hydrogen-transfer reactions, polymerization initiation, and main-group catalysis. In this review, we highlight the development of these p-block based systems for stoichiometric and catalytic amine-borane dehydrogenation and discuss the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin H. A. Boom
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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21
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Pleschka D, Uebing M, Lange M, Hepp A, Wübker AL, Hansen MR, Würthwein EU, Uhl W. Al/P- and Ga/P-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs and Electronically Unsaturated Substrates: Ring Cleavage and Ring Closure, C-C and C-N Bond Formation. Chemistry 2019; 25:9315-9325. [PMID: 31081975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Al/P- and Ga/P-based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) reacted with an azirine under mild conditions under cleavage of the heterocycle on two different positions. Opening of the C-C bond yielded an unusual nitrile-ylide adduct in which a C-N moiety coordinated to the FLP backbone. Cleavage of a C-N bond afforded the thermodynamically favored enamine adduct with the N atom bound to P and Al or Ga atoms. Ring closure was observed upon treatment of an Al/P FLP with electronically unsaturated substrates (4-(1-cyclohexenyl)-1-aza-but-1-en-3-ynes) and yielded by C-N bond formation hexahydroquinoline derivatives, which coordinated to the FLP through P-C and Al-C bonds. Diphenylcyclopropenone showed a diverse reactivity, which depending on steric shielding and the polarizing effect of Al or Ga atoms afforded different products. An AltBu2 /P FLP yielded an adduct with the C=O group coordinated to P and Al. The dineopentyl derivative gave an equilibrium mixture consisting of a similar product and a simple adduct with O bound to Al and a three-coordinate P atom. Both compounds co-crystallize. The Ga/P FLP only formed the simple adduct with the same substrate. Rearrangement resulted in all cases in C3 -ring cleavage and migration of a mesityl group from P to a former ring C atom by C-C bond formation. Diphenylthiocyclopropenone (evidence for the presence of P=C bonds) and an imine derivative afforded similar products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Pleschka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marten Uebing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Merten Lange
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Wübker
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory, and Computation (CMTC), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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22
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Quinlivan PJ, Shlian DG, Amemiya E, Parkin G. Reactivity of the carbodiphosphorane, (Ph 3P) 2C, towards main group metal alkyl compounds: coordination and cyclometalation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9139-9151. [PMID: 31145405 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00678h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The carbodiphosphorane, (Ph3P)2C, reacts with Me3Al and Me3Ga to afford the adducts, [(Ph3P)2C]AlMe3 and [(Ph3P)2C]GaMe3, which have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. (Ph3P)2C also reacts with Me2Zn and Me2Cd to generate an adduct but the formation is reversible on the NMR time scale. At elevated temperatures, however, elimination of methane and cyclometalation occurs to afford [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]ZnMe and [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]CdMe. Analogous cyclometalated products, [κ2-Ph3P{CPPh2(C6H4)}]ZnN(SiMe3)2 and [κ2-Ph3P{CPPh2(C6H4)}]CdN(SiMe3)2, are also obtained upon reaction of (Ph3P)2C with Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 and Cd[N(SiMe3)2]2. The magnesium compounds, Me2Mg and {Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2}2, likewise react with (Ph3P)2C to afford cyclometalated derivatives, namely [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]MgN(SiMe3)2 and {[κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]MgMe}2. While this reactivity is similar to the zinc system, the magnesium methyl complex is a dimer with bridging methyl groups, whereas the zinc complex is a monomer. The greater tendency of the methyl groups to bridge magnesium centers rather than zinc centers is supported by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Quinlivan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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23
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Aman M, Dostál L, Růžičková Z, Mebs S, Beckmann J, Jambor R. Ambiguous Role of N → Sn Coordinated Stannylene: Lewis Base or Acid? Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Aman
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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24
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Uhl W, Lange M, Hepp A, Layh M. Supramolecular Chemistry Based on Frustrated Lewis Pairs - Reactions of an Al/P FLP with Potassium Formate and Cesium Fluoride. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Merten Lange
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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25
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Cabrera-Trujillo JJ, Fernández I. Influence of the Lewis Acid/Base Pairs on the Reactivity of Geminal E-CH2
-E′ Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chemistry 2018; 24:17823-17831. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Juan Cabrera-Trujillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and; Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040- Madrid Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and; Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040- Madrid Spain
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26
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Keweloh L, Aders N, Hepp A, Pleschka D, Würthwein EU, Uhl W. A P-H functionalized Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair - hydrophosphination of nitriles, ring opening with cyclopropenones and evidence of P[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond formation. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8402-8417. [PMID: 29893387 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroalumination of R-P(H)-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-tBu with bulky H-Al[CH(SiMe3)2]2 afforded the new P-H functionalized Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair R-P(H)-C[[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)-tBu]-AlR2 [R = CH(SiMe3)2; FLP 7]. A weak adduct of 7 with benzonitrile (8) was detected by NMR spectroscopy, but could not be isolated. tert-Butyl isocyanide afforded a similar, but isolable adduct (9), in which the isocyanide C atom was coordinated to aluminium. The unique reactivity of 7 became evident from its reactions with the heteroatom substituted nitriles PhO-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N, PhCH2S-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N and H8C4N-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N. Hydrophosphination of the C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N triple bonds afforded imines at room temperature which were coordinated to the FLP by Al-N and P-C bonds to yield AlCPCN heterocycles (10 to 12). These processes depend on substrate activation by the FLP. Diphenylcyclopropenone and its sulphur derivative reacted with 7 by addition of the P-H bond to a C-C bond of the strained C3 ring and ring opening to afford the fragment (Z)-Ph-C(H)[double bond, length as m-dash]C(Ph)-C-X-Al (X = O, S). The C-O or C-S groups were coordinated to the FLP to yield AlCPCX heterocycles (13 and 14). The thiocarbonyl derived compound 14 contains an internally stabilized phosphenium cation with a localized P[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond, a trigonal planar coordinated P atom and a short P[double bond, length as m-dash]C distance (168.9 pm). Insight into formation mechanisms, the structural and energetic properties of FLP 7 and compounds 13 and 14 was gained by quantum chemical DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Keweloh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Wang Y, Li ZH, Wang H. Synthesis of an oxygen-linked germinal frustrated Lewis pair and its application in small molecule activation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26271-26276. [PMID: 35541977 PMCID: PMC9082762 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An oxygen-linked germinal frustrated Lewis pair was synthesized and its reactivities against a series of small molecules were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhen Hua Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
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Rauch M, Parkin G. Insertion of CS2into the Mg–H bond: synthesis and structural characterization of the magnesium dithioformate complex, [TismPriBenz]Mg(κ2-S2CH). Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12596-12605. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insertion of CS2into the Mg–H bond of [TismPriBenz]MgH affords [TismPriBenz]Mg(κ2-S2CH), the first structurally characterized magnesium dithioformate compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry
- Columbia University
- New York
- USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry
- Columbia University
- New York
- USA
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