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Bugarin A, Patil SA, Tran RQ, Marichev KO. Metal complexes of backbone-halogenated imidazol-2-ylidenes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2024; 572:122263. [PMID: 39156221 PMCID: PMC11326507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2024.122263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In this manuscript, literature reports on mono- and di-halogen (F, Cl, Br, and I) substituted at positions 4 or/and 4,5 imidazol-2-ylidene (NHC) metal complexes are discussed: particularly, their structural diversity with various metals (groups 6-13), important physicochemical properties, catalytic and medicinal/biological applications are reviewed. To our knowledge, there are no literature reports on group 4 and 5 metal complexes with this type of NHC ligands. Halogenated imidazol-2-ylidene metal complexes deserve special attention because halogens are the classic electron donating groups (mesomerically) in conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic ring systems, but electron withdrawing inductively. However, they exhibit a significant electron withdrawing inductive effect, thus providing unique electronic properties. This is important for fine tuning of σ-donor abilities of the "carbenic" carbon of imidazol-2-ylidenes, which directly affect catalytic performance of their metal complexes. Other applications, advantages, and disadvantages of halogenated vs. unsubstituted imidazol-2-ylidene metal complexes are critically analyzed and summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Siddappa A. Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ryan Q. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Pruschinski L, Namyslo JC, Schmidt A. Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes from Mesoionic Imidazolium-4-pyrrolides: The Influence of Substituents, Solvents, and Charge on their 77Se NMR Chemical Shifts. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39360676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Mesoionic compounds are the starting material for the synthesis of unique anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Herein, mesoionic imidazolium pyrrolides synthesized from pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde via various N-alkyl-4-pyrroyl-imidazoles are described. These were converted into nine new 4-(pyrrol-2-yl)-substituted imidazolium salts and transformed into the mesoionic title compounds using an anion exchange resin. The DFT-calculated (B3LYP/6-311++G**) CREF values indicate a great potential for the formation of anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes by deprotonation, which were generated and reacted with selenium to obtain selenoureas. The 77Se NMR shifts investigated under systematic variation of conditions are dependent on the substitution pattern (ΔδSe = 133 ppm) and the steric demand of the substituents. Solvent dependencies of the 77Se NMR shifts were investigated applying toluene-d8, THF-d8, CDCl3, CD2Cl2, pyridine-d5, acetone-d6, DMSO-d6, CD3CN, AcOD, and MeOD. The influences of the referencing method on the 77Se shifts using external or internal Me2Se or Ph2Se2 and solvent can add up to ΔδSe = ca. 80 ppm. In addition, we observed a temperature dependence of both the selenoureas and the reference reagent Ph2Se2 as well as a 77Se shift difference of the analyte caused by interaction with internally added Ph2Se2. The negative charge of deprotonated selenoureas shifts the values by an additional -20 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pruschinski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Jan C Namyslo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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3
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Ohashi M, Ando K, Murakami S, Michigami K, Ogoshi S. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes with Polyfluorinated Groups at the 4- and 5-Positions from [3 + 2] Cycloadditions between Formamidinates and cis-1,2-Difluoroalkene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23098-23108. [PMID: 37749910 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the formation of fluorinated N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCFs) that bear fluorine atoms at the 4- and 5-positions of the imidazol-2-ylidene ring. Treatment of sodium N,N'-bis(aryl)formamidinates with tetrafluoroethylene followed by the addition of LiBF4 induced a [3 + 2] cycloaddition to afford 4,5-difluorinated imidazolium salts, which served as the precursors for 4,5-difluorinated NHCs. A key feature of this procedure is its applicability to other perfluorinated compounds, which enabled us to incorporate polyfluorinated functional groups at 4- and 5-positions on the imidazol-2-ylidene skeleton. Thus, employing octafluorocyclopentene and hexafluorobenzene led to the formation of 4,4,5,5,6,6-hexafluoro-1,3-diaryl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[d]imidazolium (CypIPrF·HBF4) and 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoro-1,3-diarylbenzimidazolium (BIPrF·HBF4) salts, respectively. A thorough NMR analysis of these NHCFs, their selenium adducts, and their tricarbonyl nickel complexes, (NHCF)Ni(CO)3, demonstrated that the fluorine substituents, contrary to expectations, tend to act as electron donors owing to the considerable positive mesomeric effect, while the perfluorocyclopentene-fused and tetrafluorobenzo-fused rings are pure electron acceptors due to their strong negative inductive effect. The unique and increased π-accepting character of the perfluorocyclopentene-fused and tetrafluorobenzo-fused NHCFs in both stoichiometric and catalytic reactions is further demonstrated by employing (NHCF)Ni(CO)3 and (NHCF)AuCl species, respectively. Moreover, an analysis of the % buried volume (%Vbur) values clearly suggests that the modification of the NHC backbone with polyfluorinated groups can drastically alter the electronic properties of the NHC ligand without substantially changing its steric properties. Our experimental results were further corroborated by a series of computational calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ohashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531 Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Ando
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoichi Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531 Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Michigami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531 Osaka, Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
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4
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Vanden Broeck SMP, Tzouras NV, Saab M, Van Hecke K, Dereli B, Ritacco I, Cavallo L, Vougioukalakis GC, Braunstein P, Nolan SP, Danopoulos AA, Cazin CSJ. Gold complexes with remote-substituted amino N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:9908-9912. [PMID: 37458362 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The 4-RN-1,3-Ar2-imidazolium salt, R = iPr, tBu, Ar = Mes, Dipp, Mes = mesityl, Dipp = 2,6-bis-diisopropyl-phenyl was metalated by AuI at the C2-, C5- and 4-RN positions depending on the reactants and conditions employed; a rare direct rearrangement of a AuI aminide to an abnormal imidazol-5-ylidene AuI complex was also observed and based on a DFT study it may involve TfO- facilitated H+ transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie M P Vanden Broeck
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Busra Dereli
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ida Ritacco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Georgios C Vougioukalakis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177, Strasbourg 67081, Cedex, France
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andreas A Danopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Pankov RO, Prima DO, Kostyukovich AY, Minyaev ME, Ananikov VP. Synthesis and a combined experimental/theoretical structural study of a comprehensive set of Pd/NHC complexes with o-, m-, and p-halogen-substituted aryl groups (X = F, Cl, Br, CF 3). Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4122-4135. [PMID: 36883531 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03665g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Pd/NHC complexes (NHCs - N-heterocyclic carbenes) with electron-withdrawing halogen groups were prepared by developing an optimized synthetic procedure to access imidazolium salts and the corresponding metal complexes. Structural X-ray analysis and computational studies have been carried out to evaluate the effect of halogen and CF3 substituents on the Pd-NHC bond and have provided insight into the possible electronic effects on the molecular structure. The introduction of electron-withdrawing substituents changes the ratio of σ-/π-contributions to the Pd-NHC bond but does not affect the Pd-NHC bond energy. Here, we report the first optimized synthetic approach to access a comprehensive range of o-, m-, and p-XC6H4-substituted NHC ligands, including incorporation into Pd complexes (X = F, Cl, Br, CF3). The catalytic activity of the obtained Pd/NHC complexes was compared in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction. For substitution with halogen atoms, the following relative trend was observed: X = Br > F > Cl, and for all halogen atoms, the catalytic activity changed in the following order: m-X, p-X > o-X. Evaluation of the relative catalytic activity showed a significant increase in the catalyst performance in the case of Br and CF3 substituents compared to the unsubstituted Pd/NHC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman O Pankov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Darya O Prima
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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6
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Prima DO, Pankov RO, Kostyukovich AY, Minyaev ME, Burykina JV, Ananikov VP. Synthesis and characterization of Pd/NHC F complexes with fluorinated aryl groups. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9843-9856. [PMID: 35708172 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The key problem of the instability of fluorine-containing diazadienes was addressed to perform the efficient synthesis of imidazolium salts containing fluorine substituents in the aryl groups. The subsequent reaction of fluorine-containing imidazolium compounds (NHCF) with palladium salts under simple conditions afforded new Pd/NHCF complexes. Computational and structural studies were performed to assess the effect of fluorine on the Pd-NHC bond and gave insight into the electronic effects in the molecule. The introduction of fluorine substituents into the aryl rings of the NHC ligands leads to a slight decrease in their σ-donor properties. At the same time, there is a slight increase in the π-acceptor capacity of NHCF. These two effects compensate for each other, so that the Pd-NHC bonding energy remains virtually unchanged. Another observed effect is associated with a slight weakening of the trans influence of the NHCF ligands, which is expressed in the strengthening of the Pd-Solv bond in (NHC)Pd(Solv) complexes. For the first time, a series of novel Pd/NHCF complexes were synthesized via a straightforward approach from fluorine-containing anilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya O Prima
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Roman O Pankov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Julia V Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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7
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Pasyukov DV, Shevchenko MA, Shepelenko KE, Khazipov OV, Burykina JV, Gordeev EG, Minyaev ME, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. One‐Step Access to Heteroatom‐Functionalized Imidazol(in)ium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Pasyukov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Maxim A. Shevchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Konstantin E. Shepelenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Oleg V. Khazipov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Julia V. Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Evgeniy G. Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
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8
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Pasyukov D, Shevchenko M, Shepelenko K, Khazipov O, Burykina J, Gordeev E, Minyaev M, Chernyshev V, Ananikov VP. One-Step Access to Heteroatom-Functionalized Imidazol(in)ium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116131. [PMID: 34963027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Imidazolium salts have ubiquitous applications in energy research, catalysis, materials and medicinal sciences. Here, we report a new strategy for the synthesis of diverse heteroatom-functionalized imidazolium and imidazolinium salts from easily available 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadienes in one step. The strategy relies on a discovered family of unprecedented nucleophilic addition/cyclization reactions with trialkyl orthoformates and heteroatomic nucleophiles. To probe general areas of application, synthesized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors were feasible for direct metallation to give functionalized M/carbene complexes (M = Pd, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au), which were isolated in individual form. The utility of chloromethyl function for the postmodification of the synthesized salts and Pd/carbene complexes was demonstrated. The obtained complexes and imidazolium salts demonstrated good activities in Pd- or Ni-catalyzed model cross-coupling and C-H activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Pasyukov
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Maxim Shevchenko
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Konstantin Shepelenko
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemitry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Oleg Khazipov
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Julia Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Evgeniy Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Mikhail Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Victor Chernyshev
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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9
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Brousses R, Maurel V, Mouesca JM, César V, Lugan N, Valyaev DA. Half-sandwich manganese complexes Cp(CO) 2Mn(NHC) as redox-active organometallic fragments. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14264-14272. [PMID: 34553709 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of the half-sandwich MnI complexes Cp(CO)2Mn(NHC) bearing dialkyl-, arylalkyl- and diarylsubstituted N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC = IMe, IMeMes, IMes) affords the corresponding stable MnII radical cations [Cp(CO)2Mn(NHC)](BF4) isolated in 92-95% yield. Systematic X-ray diffraction studies of the series of MnI and MnII NHC complexes revealed the expected characteristic structural changes upon oxidation, namely the elongation of the Mn-CO and Mn-NHC bonds as well as the diminution of the OC-Mn-CO angle. ESR spectra of [Cp(CO)2Mn(IMes)](BF4) in frozen solution (CH2Cl2/toluene 1 : 1, 70 K) allowed the identification of two conformers for this complex and their structural assignment using DFT calculations. The stability of these NHC complexes in both metal oxidation states, moderate oxidation potentials and the ease of detection of MnII species by a variety of spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, IR, paramagnetic 1H NMR, and ESR) make these compounds promising objects for applications as redox-active organometallic fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Brousses
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Vincent Maurel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Mouesca
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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10
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Poyatos M, Peris E. Insights into the past and future of Janus-di-N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12748-12763. [PMID: 34581341 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Janus di-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are a subclass of poly-NHCs that feature coordination to two transition metals in a facially opposed manner. The combination of the structural features of Janus type ligands, with the properties conferred by the NHC ligands, has conferred Janus-di-NHCs with privileged attributes for their use in diverse areas of research, such as homogeneous catalysis, materials chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. In molecular chemistry, Janus di-NHCs constitute one of the most useful chemical platforms for constructing dimetallic structures, and this includes both homo- and hetero-dimetallic compounds. This review aims to cover the most relevant advances in the use of Janus-di-NHCs during the last 15 years, by classifying them according to their specific structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón, E-1271, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón, E-1271, Spain.
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12
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Hawk MK, Ryan SJ, Zhang X, Huang P, Chen J, Liu C, Chen J, Lindsay-Scott PJ, Burnett J, White C, Lu Y, Rizzo JR. Tetramethylammonium Fluoride Tetrahydrate for SNAr Fluorination of 4-Chlorothiazoles at a Production Scale. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Khanh Hawk
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - Sarah J. Ryan
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Huang
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanren Liu
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Chen
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - John Burnett
- Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, U.K
| | - Craig White
- Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, U.K
| | - Yu Lu
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - John R. Rizzo
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
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13
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Grineva AA, Filippov OA, Canac Y, Sortais JB, Nefedov SE, Lugan N, César V, Valyaev DA. Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Electronic Properties of Anionic N-Heterocyclic Dicarbenes through the Rational Synthesis of Their Transition Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4015-4025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina A. Grineva
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Filippov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sortais
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sergei E. Nefedov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Dmitry A. Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Romain C, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Dagorne S. Recent progress on NHC-stabilized early transition metal (group 3–7) complexes: Synthesis and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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15
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Rufino-Felipe E, Valdés H, Germán-Acacio JM, Reyes-Márquez V, Morales-Morales D. Fluorinated N-Heterocyclic carbene complexes. Applications in catalysis. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Chernyshev VM, Denisova EA, Eremin DB, Ananikov VP. The key role of R-NHC coupling (R = C, H, heteroatom) and M-NHC bond cleavage in the evolution of M/NHC complexes and formation of catalytically active species. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6957-6977. [PMID: 33133486 PMCID: PMC7553045 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02629h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexes of metals with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (M/NHC) are typically considered the systems of choice in homogeneous catalysis due to their stable metal-ligand framework. However, it becomes obvious that even metal species with a strong M-NHC bond can undergo evolution in catalytic systems, and processes of M-NHC bond cleavage are common for different metals and NHC ligands. This review is focused on the main types of the M-NHC bond cleavage reactions and their impact on activity and stability of M/NHC catalytic systems. For the first time, we consider these processes in terms of NHC-connected and NHC-disconnected active species derived from M/NHC precatalysts and classify them as fundamentally different types of catalysts. Problems of rational catalyst design and sustainability issues are discussed in the context of the two different types of M/NHC catalysis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) , Prosveschenya 132 , Novocherkassk , 346428 , Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Denisova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
- The Bridge@USC , University of Southern California , 1002 Childs Way , Los Angeles , California 90089-3502 , USA
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) , Prosveschenya 132 , Novocherkassk , 346428 , Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
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