1
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Concha-Puelles M, Torres-González S, Robles-Henríquez R, Lühr S. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Selective Mono N-Ethylation of Arylamines and Tandem Reduction/ N-Ethylation of Nitroarenes Using Triethylamine and Formic Acid. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8773-8781. [PMID: 38822797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The mono N-alkylation of arylamines using alkylamines as alkyl group donors has been scarcely investigated. In this work, we report the mono N-alkylation of several arylamines (52-95%) catalyzed by the complex ruthenium-triphos in the presence of Al(OTf)3. Moreover, the highly reductant ability of the catalyst system allows the tandem reduction/N-alkylation of nitrobenzenes in good yields (up to 80%). In addition, the catalyst can be recycled after three reaction cycles without loss of catalyst activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- MatíAs Concha-Puelles
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 775000, Chile
| | - Simón Torres-González
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 775000, Chile
| | - Ramiro Robles-Henríquez
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 775000, Chile
| | - Susan Lühr
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 775000, Chile
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2
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Kumar Chaudhary V, Kukreti P, Sharma K, Kumar K, Singh S, Kumari S, Ghosh K. A sustainable strategic approach for N-alkylation of amines with activation of alcohols triggered via a hydrogen auto-transfer reaction using a Pd(II) complex: evidence for metal-ligand cooperativity. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8740-8749. [PMID: 38712566 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00864b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This work describes a new well-defined, air-stable, phosphine free palladium(II) [Pd(L)Cl] (1) catalyst. This catalyst was utilized for N-alkylation of amines and indole synthesis where H2O was found to be the by-product. A broad range of aromatic amines were alkylated using this homogeneous catalyst with a catalyst loading of 0.1 mol%. Greener aromatic and aliphatic primary alcohols were utilized and a hydrogen auto-transfer strategy via a metal-ligand cooperative approach was investigated. The precursor of the antihistamine-containing drug molecule tripelennamine was synthesized on a gram scale for large-scale applicability of the current synthetic methodology. A number of control experiments were performed to investigate the possible reaction pathway and the outcomes of these experiments indicated the azo-chromophore as a hydrogen reservoir during the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Prashant Kukreti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kapil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sain Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sheela Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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3
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Templ J, Schnürch M. A Guide for Mono-Selective N-Methylation, N-Ethylation, and N-n-Propylation of Primary Amines, Amides, and Sulfonamides and Their Applicability in Late-Stage Modification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304205. [PMID: 38353032 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of mono-alkylation methodologies targeting crucial nitrogen moieties - amines, amides, and sulfonamides - found in organic building blocks and pharmaceuticals. Emphasizing the intersection of chemical precision with drug discovery, the central challenge addressed is achieving one-pot mono-selective short-chain N-alkylations (methylations, ethylations, and n-propylations), preventing undesired overalkylation. Additionally, sustainable, safe, and benign alternatives to traditional alkylating agents, including alcohols, carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids, nitriles, alkyl phosphates, quaternary ammonium salts, and alkyl carbonates, are explored. This review, categorized by the nature of the alkylating agent, aids researchers in selecting suitable methods for mono-selective N-alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Templ
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Guin AK, Pal S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty S, Paul ND. N-Alkylation of Amines by C1-C10 Aliphatic Alcohols Using A Well-Defined Ru(II)-Catalyst. A Metal-Ligand Cooperative Approach. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5944-5961. [PMID: 37052217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A Ru(II)-catalyzed efficient and selective N-alkylation of amines by C1-C10 aliphatic alcohols is reported. The catalyst [Ru(L1a)(PPh3)Cl2] (1a) bearing a tridentate redox-active azo-aromatic pincer, 2-((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (L1a) is air-stable, easy to prepare, and showed wide functional group tolerance requiring only 1.0 mol % (for N-methylation and N-ethylation) and 0.1 mol % of catalyst loading for N-alkylation with C3-C10 alcohols. A wide array of N-methylated, N-ethylated, and N-alkylated amines were prepared in moderate to good yields via direct coupling of amines and alcohols. 1a efficiently catalyzes the N-alkylation of diamines selectively. It is even suitable for synthesizing N-alkylated diamines using (aliphatic) diols producing the tumor-active drug molecule MSX-122 in moderate yield. 1a showed excellent chemo-selectivity during the N-alkylation using oleyl alcohol and monoterpenoid β-citronellol. Control experiments and mechanistic investigations revealed that the 1a-catalyzed N-alkylation reactions proceed via a borrowing hydrogen transfer pathway where the hydrogen removed from the alcohol during the dehydrogenation step is stored in the ligand backbone of 1a, which in the subsequent steps transferred to the in situ formed imine intermediate to produce the N-alkylated amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhasree Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Santana Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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5
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Robust unsymmetric pincer-type Ru(II) catalyst containing proton-responsive hydroxypyridyl fragment for β-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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6
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Patra K, Laskar RA, Nath A, Bera JK. A Protic Mn(I) Complex Based on a Naphthyridine- N-oxide Scaffold: Protonation/Deprotonation Studies and Catalytic Applications for Alkylation of Ketones. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaless Patra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Roshayed Ali Laskar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Anubhav Nath
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jitendra K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Shanahan JP, Moore CM, Kampf JW, Szymczak NK. Modulation of H +/H - exchange in iridium-hydride 2-hydroxypyridine complexes by remote Lewis acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11705-11708. [PMID: 34693408 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04778g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of iridium hydride complexes featuring dihydrogen bonding are presented and shown to undergo rapid H+/H- exchange (1240 s-1 at 25 °C). We demonstrate that the H+/H- exchange rate can be modified by post-synthetic modification at a remote site using BH3, Zn(C6F5)2, and [Me3O][BF4]. This route provides a complementary strategy to traditional methods that rely on pre-metalation modifications to a metal's primary sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Shanahan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - C M Moore
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS K558, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Jeff W Kampf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
| | - N K Szymczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
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8
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Denizaltı S, Dayan S, Günnaz S, Şahin E. Thiazoline‐Iridium (III) Complexes and Immobilized Nanomaterials as Selective Catalysts in
N
‐Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Denizaltı
- Department of Chemistry Ege University Bornova‐İzmir 35100 Turkey
| | - Serkan Dayan
- Drug Application and Research Center Erciyes University Kayseri 38280 Turkey
| | - Salih Günnaz
- Department of Chemistry Ege University Bornova‐İzmir 35100 Turkey
| | - Ertan Şahin
- Department of Chemistry Atatürk University Erzurum 25400 Turkey
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9
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Mondal M, Ghosh S, Maity S, Giri S, Ghosh A. In situ transformation of a tridentate to a tetradentate unsymmetric Schiff base ligand via deaminative coupling in Ni(ii) complexes: crystal structures, magnetic properties and catecholase activity study. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00975b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An N2O donor reduced Schiff base in presence of Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O and SCN− transforms into N2O2 donor ligand via deaminative coupling. Metal complexes 1 and 3 exhibit catecholase like activity and antiferromagnetic coupling between the Ni(ii) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monotosh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Science
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700 009
- India
| | - Soumavo Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Science
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700 009
- India
| | - Souvik Maity
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Science
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700 009
- India
| | - Sanjib Giri
- Department of Chemistry
- Sri Ramkrishna Sarada Vidya Mahapitha
- Kamarpukur
- India
| | - Ashutosh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Science
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700 009
- India
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10
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Kong D, Hu B, Yang M, Chen D, Xia H. Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Tridentate NCNN Cobalt-Catalyzed 1,3-Diyne Hydrosilylation. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Degong Kong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bowen Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Gong D, Hu B, Yang W, Chen D. Bidentate Ru(II)‐NC Complexes as Catalysts for
α
‐Alkylation of Unactivated Amides and Esters. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Gong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemical Engineering & TechnologyHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemical Engineering & TechnologyHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemical Engineering & TechnologyHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemical Engineering & TechnologyHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang C, Hu B, Chen D, Xia H. Manganese(I)-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation and Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Condensation: Promotional Influence of the Uncoordinated N-Heterocycle. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bowen Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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