1
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Guerrero R, Lemir ID, Carrasco S, Fernández-Ruiz C, Kavak S, Pizarro P, Serrano DP, Bals S, Horcajada P, Pérez Y. Scaling-Up Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Highly Defective Pd@UiO-66-NH 2 Catalysts for Selective Olefin Hydrogenation under Ambient Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16. [PMID: 38669483 PMCID: PMC11082845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The need to develop green and cost-effective industrial catalytic processes has led to growing interest in preparing more robust, efficient, and selective heterogeneous catalysts at a large scale. In this regard, microwave-assisted synthesis is a fast method for fabricating heterogeneous catalysts (including metal oxides, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks, and supported metal nanoparticles) with enhanced catalytic properties, enabling synthesis scale-up. Herein, the synthesis of nanosized UiO-66-NH2 was optimized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method to obtain defective matrices essential for the stabilization of metal nanoparticles, promoting catalytically active sites for hydrogenation reactions (760 kg·m-3·day-1 space time yield, STY). Then, this protocol was scaled up in a multimodal microwave reactor, reaching 86% yield (ca. 1 g, 1450 kg·m-3·day-1 STY) in only 30 min. Afterward, Pd nanoparticles were formed in situ decorating the nanoMOF by an effective and fast microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, resulting in the formation of Pd@UiO-66-NH2 composites. Both the localization and oxidation states of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) in the MOF were achieved using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The optimal composite, loaded with 1.7 wt % Pd, exhibited an extraordinary catalytic activity (>95% yield, 100% selectivity) under mild conditions (1 bar H2, 25 °C, 1 h reaction time), not only in the selective hydrogenation of a variety of single alkenes (1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-tridecene, cyclohexene, and tetraphenyl ethylene) but also in the conversion of a complex mixture of alkenes (i.e., 1-hexene, 1-tridecene, and anethole). The results showed a powerful interaction and synergy between the active phase (Pd NPs) and the catalytic porous scaffold (UiO-66-NH2), which are essential for the selectivity and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl
M. Guerrero
- Advanced
Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra,
3, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
- Thermochemical
Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra,
3, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio D. Lemir
- Advanced
Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra,
3, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
- Thermochemical
Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra,
3, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Carrasco
- Advanced
Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra,
3, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández-Ruiz
- Advanced
Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra,
3, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
- Thermochemical
Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra,
3, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
| | - Safiyye Kavak
- EMAT
and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Patricia Pizarro
- Thermochemical
Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra,
3, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
- Chemical
and Environmental Engineering Group, Rey
Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán, s/n, Móstoles 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - David P. Serrano
- Thermochemical
Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra,
3, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
- Chemical
and Environmental Engineering Group, Rey
Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán, s/n, Móstoles 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT
and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Patricia Horcajada
- Advanced
Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra,
3, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pérez
- Advanced
Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra,
3, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
- COMET-NANO
Group, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán, s/n, Móstoles 28933, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Koschnick C, Terban MW, Canossa S, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, Lotsch BV. Influence of Water Content on Speciation and Phase Formation in Zr-Porphyrin-Based MOFs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2210613. [PMID: 36930851 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlled synthesis of phase-pure metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is essential for their application in technological areas such as catalysis or gas sorption. Yet, knowledge of their phase formation and growth remain rather limited, particularly with respect to species such as water whose vital role in MOF synthesis is often neglected. As a consequence, synthetic protocols often lack reproducibility when multiple MOFs can form from the same metal source and linker, and phase mixtures are obtained with little or no control over their composition. In this work, the role of water in the formation of the Zr-porphyrin MOF disordered PCN-224 (dPCN-224) is investigated. Through X-ray total scattering and scanning electron microscopy, it is observed that dPCN-224 forms via a metal-organic intermediate that consists of Zr6O4(OH)4 clusters linked by tetrakis(4-carboxy-phenyl)porphyrin molecules. Importantly, water is not only essential to the formation of Zr6O4(OH)4 clusters, but it also plays a primary role in dictating the formation kinetics of dPCN-224. This multidisciplinary approach to studying the speciation of dPCN-224 provides a blueprint for how Zr-MOF synthesis protocols can be assessed and their reproducibility increased, and highlights the importance of understanding the role of water as a decisive component in Zr-MOF formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Koschnick
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience, Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Maxwell W Terban
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefano Canossa
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina V Lotsch
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience, Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
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3
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Hemmer K, Kronawitter SM, Grover N, Twamley B, Cokoja M, Fischer RA, Kieslich G, Senge MO. Understanding and Controlling Molecular Compositions and Properties in Mixed-Linker Porphyrin Metal-Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2122-2130. [PMID: 38205788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are attractive materials for photo- and thermally activated catalysis due to their unique structural features related to the porphyrin moiety, guest-accessible porosity, and high chemical tunability. In this study, we report the synthetic incorporation of nonplanar β-ethyl-functionalized porphyrin linkers into the framework structure of PCN-222, obtaining a solid-solution series of materials with different modified linker contents. Comprehensive analysis by a combination of characterization techniques, such as NMR, UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and N2 sorption analysis, allows for the confirmation of linker incorporation. A detailed structural analysis of intrinsic material properties, such as the thermal response of the different materials, underlines the complexity of synthesizing and understanding such materials. This study presents a blueprint for synthesizing and analyzing porphyrin-based mixed-linker MOF systems and highlights the hurdles of characterizing such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hemmer
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Silva M Kronawitter
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nitika Grover
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02R590, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02R590, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Focus Group - Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg-Str. 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
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4
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Baumgartner B, Prins PT, Louwen JN, Monai M, Weckhuysen BM. The Role of Water in Carbon Dioxide Adsorption in Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Frameworks. ChemCatChem 2023; 15:e202300722. [PMID: 38505862 PMCID: PMC10946852 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202300722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Capturing and converting CO2 through artificial photosynthesis using photoactive, porous materials is a promising approach for addressing increasing CO2 concentrations. Porphyrinic Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are of particular interest as they incorporate a photosensitizer in the porous structure. Herein, the initial step of the artificial photosynthesis is studied: CO2 sorption and activation in the presence of water. A combined vibrational and visible spectroscopic approach was used to monitor the adsorption of CO2 into PCN-222 and PCN-223 MOFs, and the photophysical changes of the porphyrinic linker as a function of water concentration. A shift in CO2 sorption site and bending of the porphyrin macrocycle in response to humidity was observed, and CO2/H2O competition experiments revealed that the exchange of CO2 with H2O is pore-size dependent. Therefore, humidity and pore-size can be used to tune CO2 sorption, CO2 capacity, and light harvesting in porphyrinic MOFs, which are key factors for CO2 photoreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Baumgartner
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - P. Tim Prins
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jaap N. Louwen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Matteo Monai
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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5
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Huang GM, Pan LX, Li SM, Ma MX, Gui LC, Ni QL. An Indium metal-organic framework with a two-fold-interpenetrating structure for the efficient conversion of CO2. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2023.123849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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6
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Metallated porphyrinic metal−organic frameworks for CO2 conversion to HCOOH: A computational screening and mechanistic study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Lidi G, Xingfang H, Shili Q, Hongtao C, Xuan Z, Bingbing W. l-Cysteine modified metal-organic framework as a chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation by capillary electrochromatography. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6063-6075. [PMID: 35424547 PMCID: PMC8981955 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07909c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new kind of chiral zirconium based metal-organic framework, l-Cys-PCN-222, was synthesized using l-cysteine (l-Cys) as a chiral modifier by a solvent-assisted ligand incorporation approach and utilized as the chiral stationary phase in the capillary electrochromatography system. l-Cys-PCN-222 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectra, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, circular dichroism spectrum, zeta-potential and so on. The results revealed that l-Cys-PCN-222 had the advantages of good crystallinity, high specific surface area (1818 m2 g-1), thermal stability and chiral recognition performance. Meanwhile, the l-Cys-PCN-222-bonded open-tubular column was prepared using l-Cys-PCN-222 particles as the solid phase by 'thiol-ene' click chemistry reaction and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, which proved the successful bonding of l-Cys-PCN-222 to the column inner wall. Finally, the stability, reproducibility and chiral separation performance of the l-Cys-PCN-222-bonded OT column were measured. Relative standard deviations (RSD) of the column efficiencies for run-to-run, day-to-day, column-to-column and runs were 1.39-6.62%, and did not obviously change after 200 runs. The enantiomeric separation of 17 kinds of chiral compounds including acidic, neutral and basic amino acids, imidazolinone and aryloxyphenoxypropionic pesticides, and fluoroquinolones were achieved in the l-Cys-PCN-222-bonded OT column. These results demonstrated that the chiral separation system of the chiral metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) coupled with capillary electrochromatography has good application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Lidi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006 China +86 0452 2738214
| | - Hu Xingfang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006 China +86 0452 2738214
| | - Qin Shili
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006 China +86 0452 2738214
| | - Chu Hongtao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006 China +86 0452 2738214
| | - Zhao Xuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006 China +86 0452 2738214
| | - Wang Bingbing
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar 161006 China
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8
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Su Z, Ma L, Wei J, Bai X, Wang N, Li J. A Zinc Porphyrin Polymer as Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Conversion of CO
2
to Cyclic Carbonates. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Su
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Linjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Jiaojiao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaolong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China
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9
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Encapsulating UiO-66-NH2@Pt with Defective PCN-222 as an Active Armor to Fabricate a Sandwich-Type Nanocatalyst for the Tandem Synthesis via Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Zhang H, Li Q, Li B, Weng B, Tian Z, Yang J, Hofkens J, Lai F, Liu T. Atomically dispersed Pt sites on porous metal-organic frameworks to enable dual reaction mechanisms for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen conversion. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Hariri R, Dehghanpour S. Effective visible‐light CO
2
photoreduction over (metallo)porphyrin‐based metal–organic frameworks to achieve useful hydrocarbons. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Hariri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Dehghanpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University Tehran Iran
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12
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Ji J, Liu H, Chen Z, Fu Y, Yang W, Yin SF. Modulating the Acidic and Basic Site Concentration of Metal-Organic Framework Derivatives to Promote the Carbon Dioxide Epoxidation Reaction. Chemistry 2021; 27:11102-11109. [PMID: 33876473 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) is an ideal precursor/template for porous carbon, and its active components are uniformly doped, which can be used in energy storage and catalytic conversion fields. Metal-organic framework PCN-224 with carboxylporphyrin as the ligand was synthesized, and then Zn2+ and Co2+ ions were coordinated in the center of the porphyrin ring by post-modification. Here, PCN-224-ZnCo with different ratios of bimetallic Zn2+ /Co2+ ions were used as the precursor, and the metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C) material of PCN-224-ZnCo-950 was obtained by pyrolyzing the precursor at 950 °C in Ar. Because Zn is easy to volatilize at 950 °C, the formed M-N-C materials can reflect different Co contents and different basic site concentrations. The formed material still maintains the original basic framework. With the increase of Zn2+ /Co2+ ratio in precursor, the concentration of N-containing alkaline sites in pyrolysis products gradually increase. Compared with the precursor, PCN-224-ZnCo1 -950 with Zn2+ /Co2+ =1 : 1 has greatly improved basicity and suitable acidic/ alkaline site concentration. It can be efficiently used to carbon dioxide absorption and catalyze the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxide. More importantly, the current method of adjusting the acidic/basic sites in M-N-C materials through volatilization of volatile metals can provide an effective strategy for adjusting the catalysis of MOF derivatives with porphyrin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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13
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Bonnett BL, Ilic S, Flint K, Cai M, Yang X, Cornell HD, Taylor A, Morris AJ. Mechanistic Investigations into and Control of Anisotropic Metal-Organic Framework Growth. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10439-10450. [PMID: 34190552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The porphyrinic metal-organic framework, PCN-222, exhibits anisotropic growth behavior to form nanorods and microrods with aspect ratios 3 < x < 94. Control of microrod aspect ratios has been demonstrated through the identification of several factors that dictate crystal growth, particularly the concentrations of a ligand, a modulator, and an exogenous base. An increase in the local concentration of a deprotonated ligand, which is proportional to the nucleation rate, is associated with smaller crystals, while increased modulator concentration leads to longer microrods. Addition of a deprotonating agent not only contributes to higher aspect ratios but also results in an improvement to particle dispersity. Here, we report acid-base co-modulation methods with difluoroacetic acid and triethylamine to effectively tune PCN-222 aspect ratios. A series of mechanisms is identified for the growth of PCN-222: (1) ligand deprotonation, (2) nucleation, (3) oriented attachment, (4) Ostwald ripening, and (5) dissolution-recrystallization. Time trials of co-modulated samples revealed three separate ripening growth events, with each resulting in larger and more monodisperse crystals. With an understanding of these crystal growth factors and mechanisms, the highest aspect ratio, non-templated metal-organic frameworks were synthesized (94 ± 9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Bonnett
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Stefan Ilic
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Katie Flint
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Meng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Hannah D Cornell
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Ashleigh Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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14
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Velpuri VR, Muralidharan K. High yield room temperature conversion of carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates catalyzed by mixed metal oxide (CuO‐ZnO) nano‐flakes/micro‐flakes (Cozi‐nmf). Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Bresciani G, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Marchetti F. Diethylammonium iodide as catalyst for the metal-free synthesis of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones from aziridines and carbon dioxide. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4152-4161. [PMID: 33881440 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic potential of ammonium halide salts was explored in the coupling reaction of a model aziridine with carbon dioxide, highlighting the superior activity of [NH2Et2]I. Then, working at room temperature, atmospheric CO2 pressure and in the absence of solvent, the [NH2Et2]I-catalyzed synthesis of a series of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones was accomplished in good to high yields and excellent selectivity, from 2-aryl-aziridines with N-methyl or N-ethyl groups. NMR studies and DFT calculations outlined the pivotal role of both the diethylammonium cation and the iodide anion. The proposed method represents a convenient choice for obtaining a limited number of valuable molecules for which more complex and more expensive catalytic systems have been reported even in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy and CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy. and University of Venezia "Ca' Foscari", Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy and CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy and CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
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16
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Bresciani G, Zacchini S, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G. Non-precious metal carbamates as catalysts for the aziridine/CO 2 coupling reaction under mild conditions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5351-5359. [PMID: 33881087 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic potential of a large series of easily available metal carbamates (based on thirteen different non-precious metal elements) was explored for the first time in the coupling reaction between 2-aryl-aziridines and carbon dioxide, working under solventless and ambient conditions and using tetraalkylammonium halides as co-catalysts. The straightforward synthesis of novel [NbCl3(O2CNEt2)2], NbCl, and [NbBr3(O2CNEt2)2], NbBr, is reported. The niobium complex NbCl, in combination with NBu4I, emerged as the best catalyst of the overall series to convert aziridines with small N-alkyl substituents into the corresponding 5-aryl-oxazolidin-2-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. and CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. and CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. and CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy
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17
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Porphyrinic zirconium metal-organic frameworks: Synthesis and applications for adsorption/catalysis. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Lee MY, Ahmed I, Yu K, Lee CS, Kang KK, Jang MS, Ahn WS. Aqueous adsorption of bisphenol A over a porphyrinic porous organic polymer. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129161. [PMID: 33302201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new porphyrinic porous organic polymer (PPOP) with high stability and excellent textural properties (929 m2/g surface area with 0.73 cm3/g pore volume) was made via the Friedel-Crafts reaction and applied for bisphenol A (BPA) adsorption in water. The material was examined by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and solid-state 13C CP-MAS nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PPOP was proven highly effective for capturing BPA among the many adsorbent materials investigated. The Langmuir model could closely match the adsorption isotherm data with a high adsorption amount of ca. 653 mg/g at 25 °C. Approximately 95% of BPA was adsorbed in 50 min, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model satisfactorily described the adsorption behavior. This adsorption process was exothermic (ΔH° = -39.10 kJ/mol), and the capacity gradually decreased with increasing pH. Spectroscopic analyses indicated that the BPA adsorption on PPOP was affected by (1) π-π interaction between BPA and the aromatic constituents of PPOP, (2) hydrogen bonding between the N sites of porphyrin units in PPOP and the hydroxyl group of BPA and, and (3) hydrophobic interactions. PPOP was easily regenerated after acetone washing, and >98% efficiency was observed throughout the five repeated adsorption-desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22201, Republic of Korea
| | - Imteaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22201, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsun Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22201, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Yuseoung-Gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ku Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Yuseoung-Gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Seok Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Wha-Seung Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22201, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Bonnett BL, Smith ED, De La Garza M, Cai M, Haag JV, Serrano JM, Cornell HD, Gibbons B, Martin SM, Morris AJ. PCN-222 Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles with Tunable Pore Size for Nanocomposite Reverse Osmosis Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15765-15773. [PMID: 32163702 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanorods of PCN-222, a large-pore, zirconium-based porphyrinic metal-organic framework (MOF), have been prepared through coordination modulation-controlled crystal growth through competing monodentate ligands known as modulators-for incorporation into reverse osmosis thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. Postsynthetic modification of the MOF node through binding of myristic acid (MA) altered channel dimensions and pore size distribution. The extent of MOF modification was characterized through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller gas sorption and 1H NMR following digestion of the particles. TFN membranes containing PCN-222 nanoparticles modified with varying levels of MA were fabricated via dispersion in the aqueous phase during interfacial polymerization, and the resulting flux and rejection performance of each membrane were evaluated. Increased water flux was observed with increasing MA content in the PCN-222 nanorods. Up to 95% increase in water flux was observed for a TFN containing 0.01 wt % loading of PCN-222 nanorods with a 10:1 MA to linker ratio, while maintaining high salt rejection. The flux change was attributed to tunable water transport through the nanorod pore structure and also through rapid water transport pathways at the nanorod-polymer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Bonnett
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Ethan D Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Miranda De La Garza
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Meng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - James V Haag
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- National Center for Earth and Environmental Nanotechnology Infrastructure, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Joel M Serrano
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Hannah D Cornell
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Bradley Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Stephen M Martin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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20
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Guo F, Zhang X. Metal–organic frameworks for the energy-related conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9935-9947. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MOFs are promising heterogeneous catalysts for chemical fixation of CO2 and epoxides into cyclic carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Chongqing 408100
- P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Dezhou University
- Dezhou
- People's Republic of China
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