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Akhtar R, Gaurav K, Khan S. Applications of low-valent compounds with heavy group-14 elements. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6150-6243. [PMID: 38757535 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the low-valent compounds of group-14 elements have received significant attention in several fields of chemistry owing to their unique electronic properties. The low-valent group-14 species include tetrylenes, tetryliumylidene, tetrylones, dimetallenes and dimetallynes. These low-valent group-14 species have shown applications in various areas such as organic transformations (hydroboration, cyanosilylation, N-functionalisation of amines, and hydroamination), small molecule activation (e.g. P4, As4, CO2, CO, H2, alkene, and alkyne) and materials. This review presents an in-depth discussion on low-valent group-14 species-catalyzed reactions, including polymerization of rac-lactide, L-lactide, DL-lactide, and caprolactone, followed by their photophysical properties (phosphorescence and fluorescence), thin film deposition (atomic layer deposition and vapor phase deposition), and medicinal applications. This review concisely summarizes current developments of low-valent heavier group-14 compounds, covering synthetic methodologies, structural aspects, and their applications in various fields of chemistry. Finally, their opportunities and challenges are examined and emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksana Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Kumar Gaurav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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Arsenyeva KV, Piskunov AV. HETEROCYCLIC HEAVY ANALOGUES OF CARBENES: STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. REVIEW. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476623010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Arsenyeva KV, Klimashevskaya AV, Zherebtsov MA, Chegerev MG, Cherkasov AV, Yakushev IA, Piskunov AV. Redox-Active Germylene Based on 2,4,6,8-Tetra-tert-butylphenoxazin-1-one: Synthesis, Structure, and Chemical Properties. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422070016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abedini N, Kassaee MZ. Estimating structure, stability, and electronic properties on halogenated derivatives of 2-germabicyclo[1.1.1.]pentane-2-ylidenes at density functional theory. J Mol Model 2022; 28:207. [PMID: 35788781 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this computational survey, substituent effects of group 17 on the stability (singlet-triplet energy gaps, ΔEs-t) and reactivity of singlet (s) and triplet (t) forms of 2-germabicyclo[1.1.1.]pentane-2-ylidenes are considered by using B3LYP/6-311 + + G**, B3LYP/aug-cc-pvtz, and B3LYP/def2-TZVP level of theories. In all germylene structures, singlets appear more stable than their corresponding triplet congeners, revealing a singlet ground state and the order of stability appears to be 1,3,4,4,5,5-hexachloro-2-germabicyclo[1.1.1.]pentane-2-ylidenes (3) > 1,3,4,4,5,5-hexabromo-2-germabicyclo[1.1.1.]pentane-2-ylidenes (4) > 1,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-2-germabicyclo[1.1.1.]pentane-2-ylidenes (2) > 1,3,4,4,5,5-hexaiodo-2-germabicyclo[1.1.1.]pentane-2-ylidenes (5) > 2-germabicyclo[1.1.1.]pentane-2-ylidenes (1), at the three levels of theory. The positive and negative effects on germylene stability are LP(F, Cl, Br, and I) → LP*G̈e and σ(C-Ge) → σ*(C-F, Cl, Br, and I) interactions, respectively. The results of our calculations show that every singlet germylene with high LP(F, Cl, Br, and I) → LP*G̈e interactions has higher electrophilicity. Also, in going from the most electronegative F to the least electronegative I, the nucleophilicity index (N) for germylene increases. Finally, this survey introduces that germylene 4 s with rather high band gap (ΔEHOMO-LUMO = 97.19 kcal/mol), nucleophilicity (2.20 eV), and stability (ΔEs-t = 76.95 kcal/mol) has high proton affinity (171.55 kcal/mol) that can be applied as multidentate ligands and it is hoped that this will prompt experimental attention toward its.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Abedini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran
| | - Mohamad Z Kassaee
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran. .,Pure and Applied Research LLC, P.O. Box 111591, Nashville, TN, 37222, USA.
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Arsenyeva KV, Klimashevskaya AV, Pashanova KI, Trofimova OY, Chegerev MG, Starikova AA, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Yakushev IA, Piskunov AV. Stable heterocyclic stannylene: The metal, ligand‐centered reactivity, and effective catalytic hydroboration of aldehydes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya V. Arsenyeva
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya V. Klimashevskaya
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Kira I. Pashanova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Olesya Yu. Trofimova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Maxim G. Chegerev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University Rostov‐on‐Don Russian Federation
| | - Alyona A. Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University Rostov‐on‐Don Russian Federation
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Ilya A. Yakushev
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr V. Piskunov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
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Aysin RR, Lalov AV, Bukalov SS. Probing the aromaticity in 2,3-pyrido-annulated N-heterocyclic carbene and its heavier analogues. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The reactivity of N-heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes based on 9,10-phenanthrendiimines towards metal carbonyls and sulfur. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Aysin RR, Andreev MV, Bogdanov VS, Bukalov SS, Korlyukov AA, Dorovatovskii PV, Burlakov VV. Structure and Conjugation Study of Organometallic [4]Radialenes of Group 4 Metallocenes. Synthesis of Zirconium [4]Radialene. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rinat R. Aysin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Andreev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav S. Bogdanov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Bukalov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Dorovatovskii
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Academician Kurchatov square 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Burlakov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Probing the aromaticity of unsaturated N-heterocyclic carbenes and their heavy analogues with the EDDB criterion. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arsenyeva KV, Chegerev MG, Cherkasov AV, Pashanova KI, Ershova IV, Trofimova OY, Piskunov AV. Facile synthesis of digermylene oxide and its reactivity towards vanadocene: the first example of Cp2V–germylene coordination. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Arsenyeva KV, Chegerev MG, Cherkasov AV, Pashanova KI, Ershova IV, Trofimova OY, Piskunov AV. Facile synthesis of digermylene oxide and its reactivity towards vanadocene: the first example of Cp2V–germylene coordination. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arsenyeva KV, Pashanova KI, Trofimova OY, Ershova IV, Chegerev MG, Starikova AA, Cherkasov AV, Syroeshkin MA, Kozmenkova AY, Piskunov AV. O,N-Heterocyclic germylenes as efficient catalysts for hydroboration and cyanosilylation of benzaldehyde. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel O,N-heterocyclic germylenes were examined as catalysts for cyanosilylation and hydroboration of benzaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya V. Arsenyeva
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Kira I. Pashanova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Olesya Yu. Trofimova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Irina V. Ershova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Maxim G. Chegerev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- Russian Federation
| | - Alyona A. Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- Russian Federation
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Syroeshkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Anna Ya. Kozmenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr V. Piskunov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
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Arsenyeva KV, Ershova IV, Chegerev MG, Cherkasov AV, Aysin RR, Lalov AV, Fukin GK, Piskunov AV. Reactivity of O,N-heterocyclic germylene and stannylene towards μ-dithio-bis(tricarbonyliron). J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Krylova IV, Saverina EA, Rynin SS, Lalov AV, Minyaev ME, Nikolaevskaya EN, Syroeshkin MA, Egorov MP. Synthesis, characterization and redox properties of Ar–C=N→Ge←N=C–Ar containing system. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Chromium and tungsten complexes with a paramagnetic gallaimidazole ligand. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aysin RR, Leites LA, Bukalov SS. Aromaticity of 1-Heterocyclopropenes Containing an Atom of Group 14 or 4. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Aysin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciencies, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - L. A. Leites
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciencies, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - S. S. Bukalov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciencies, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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