1
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Chen JZ, Wang ZX. Ruthenium-catalyzed C-H functionalization of indoles and indolines with 7-azabenzonorbornadienes: access to aminodihydronaphthyl indoles and indolines. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5159-5169. [PMID: 38860854 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00678j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Indoles, indolines and hydronaphthylamines are ubiquitous structural motifs in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and biologically active molecules. In this paper, we report the synthesis of aminodihydronaphthyl-substituted indoles and indolines via a Ru-catalyzed carbamoyl-directed C-H functionalization of indoles and indolines with 7-azabenzonorbornadienes. In the presence of Cu(OAc)2 and AgSbF6, [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 catalyzes the reaction of 1-carbamoylindoles with 7-azabenzonorbornadienes to produce 2-(1-amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)indoles. Under the same conditions, the reaction of 1-carbamoylindolines with 7-azabenzonorbornadienes affords 7-(1-amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)indolines. In both cases, the reactions yield cis-configured products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Zhen Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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2
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Meng J, He H, Liu Q, Xu H, Huang H, Ni SF, Li Z. Enantioselective Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Desymmetrizative Coupling of 7-Azabenzonorbornadienes with Alkynylanilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315092. [PMID: 37943545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
A PdII -catalyzed, domino enantioselective desymmetrizative coupling of 7-azabenzonorbornadienes with alkynylanilines is disclosed herein. This operationally simple transformation generates three covalent bonds and two contiguous stereocenters with excellent enantio- and diastereo-selectivity. The resulting functionalized indole-dihydronaphthalene-amine conjugates served as an appealing platform to streamline the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of other valuable enantioenriched compounds. DFT calculations revealed that the two stabilizing non-covalent interactions contributed to the observed enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianru Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Huicai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Zhao H, Zhao Y. Engaging Isatins and Amino Acids in Multicomponent One-Pot 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions-Easy Access to Structural Diversity. Molecules 2023; 28:6488. [PMID: 37764264 PMCID: PMC10536439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have undoubtedly emerged as the most indispensable tool for organic chemists worldwide, finding extensive utility in the synthesis of intricate natural products, heterocyclic molecules with significant bioactivity, and pharmaceutical agents. The multicomponent one-pot 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, which were initially conceptualized by Rolf Huisgen in 1960, find extensive application in contemporary heterocyclic chemistry. In terms of green synthesis, the multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is highly favored owing to its numerous advantages, including high step- and atom-economies, remarkable product diversity, as well as excellent efficiency and diastereoselectivity. Among the numerous pieces of research, the most fascinating reaction involves the utilization of azomethine ylides generated from isatins and amino acids that can be captured by various dipolarophiles. This approach offers a highly efficient and convenient method for constructing spiro-pyrrolidine oxindole scaffolds, which are crucial building blocks in biologically active molecules. Consequently, this review delves deeper into the dipolarophiles utilized in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isatins and amino acids over the past six years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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4
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Aravindan N, Jeganmohan M. One-Pot Synthesis of Benzo[ c]phenanthridine Alkaloids from 7-Azabenzonorbornadienes and Aryl Nitrones. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37200493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids via a synergistic combination of C-C bond formation and a cycloaromatization reaction is described. Aryl nitrones react with 7-azabenzonorbornadienes in the presence of a Rh(III) catalyst, providing pharmaceutically useful benzo[c]phenanthridine derivatives in good to moderate yields. Using this methodology, highly useful alkaloids such as norfagaronine, norchelerythrine, decarine, norsanguinarine, and nornitidine were prepared in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasingan Aravindan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
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5
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Saravanan V, Jeganmohan M. Palladium-catalyzed stereocontrolled ring-opening of 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes with organic carboxylic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5619-5622. [PMID: 37082908 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00604b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed tandem reaction of 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes with organic carboxylic acids that provides cis-1,2-dihydro-l-naphthyl derivatives in moderate to good yields in a highly diastereoselective manner is described. A possible reaction mechanism involving syn acylation followed by insertion and diastereoselective ring-opening with 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes is proposed to account for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velautham Saravanan
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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Shi Y, Zhao H, Zhao Y. An Efficient Synthesis of Oxygen-Bridged Spirooxindoles via Microwave-Promoted Multicomponent Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083508. [PMID: 37110742 PMCID: PMC10146779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A microwave-promoted multicomponent reaction of isatins, α-amino acids and 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene is achieved under environmentally friendly conditions, delivering oxygen-bridged spirooxindoles within 15 min in good to excellent yields. The attractive features of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition are the compatibility of various primary amino acids and the high efficiency of the short reaction time. Moreover, the scale-up reaction and synthetic transformations of spiropyrrolidine oxindole further demonstrate its synthetic utility. This work provides powerful means to expand the structural diversity of spirooxindole as a promising scaffold for novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojing Shi
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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7
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Chen S, Yang Y, Chen C, Wang C. Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Keto Carbonyl-Directed C—H Bond Functionalization Reactions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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8
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Li X, Pan X, Qi Z, Li X. Palladium-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation of Aryl Halides with 7-Oxa- and 7-Azabenzonorbornadienes via C(sp 2 or sp 3)–H Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:8964-8968. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Xianting Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Zisong Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, China
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Aravindan N, Vinayagam V, Jeganmohan M. A Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cyclization to Dihydrobenzo[ c]phenanthridinone from 7-Azabenzonorbornadienes with Aryl Amides. Org Lett 2022; 24:5260-5265. [PMID: 35838244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An efficient ruthenium(II)-catalyzed tandem C-C/C-N bond formation with aryl amides and 7-azabenzonorbornadienes has been developed to synthesize cis-fused dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridinones. The amide group functions as a directing group as well as a leaving group and provides an easy access to the pharmaceutically useful benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids such as nitidine and fagaronine analogues. The present methodology is compatible with various functional groups with respect to azabicyclic alkenes and aromatic amides. The reaction mechanism involving directing-group-assisted C-H activation was proposed and supported by the deuterium labeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasingan Aravindan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varathan Vinayagam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Aravindan N, Jeganmohan M. A Short Total Synthesis of Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids via a Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Ring-Opening Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14826-14843. [PMID: 34581572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biologically important naturally available benzophenanthridines were prepared efficiently in three steps with overall good yields. A new synthetic methodology involving a rhodium(III) catalyzed redox-neutral ring-opening of 7-azabenzonorbornadienes with aromatic aldoximes is developed to synthesize the target molecules. The developed C-H ring-opening reaction is highly diastereoselective and compatible with various sensitive functional group substituted aromatic aldoximes as well as substituted 7-azabenzonorbornadienes. The ring-opening products were transformed into highly sensitive 13,14-dehydrobenzo phenanthridine derivatives by HCl hydrolysis. Subsequently, 13,14-dehydrobenzophenanthridines were converted into biologically important benzophenanthridine alkaloids in the presence of DDQ. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed for the C-H ring-opening reaction and supported by the deuterium labeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasingan Aravindan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
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11
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Kong J, Jiang ZJ, Xu J, Li Y, Cao H, Ding Y, Tang B, Chen J, Gao Z. Ortho-Deuteration of Aromatic Aldehydes via a Transient Directing Group-Enabled Pd-Catalyzed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13350-13359. [PMID: 34516112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A practical and scalable ortho-selective deuteration of aromatic aldehydes was accomplished by Pd-catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange with deuterium oxide as an inexpensive deuterium source. The use of tert-leucine as a transient directing group facilitates the exchange, affording a wide range of ortho-deuterated aromatic aldehydes with deuterium incorporation up to 97%. The control experiments suggest that the addition of silver trifluoroacetate resists the unexpected reduction of Pd(II), while the theoretical study indicates a rapid reversible concerted metalation-deprotonation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Kong
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China.,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Jiang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Jiayuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China.,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hong Cao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Ding
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Bencan Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Jia Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Zhanghua Gao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
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12
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Jeganmohan M, Sihag P. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization Reactions Involving Aza/Oxabicyclic Alkenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1528-1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBicyclic alkenes, including oxa- and azabicyclic alkenes, readily undergo activation with facial selectivity in the presence of transition-metal complexes. This is due to the intrinsic angle strain on the carbon–carbon double bonds in such unsymmetrical bicyclic systems. During the past decades considerable progress has been made in the area of ring opening of bicyclic strained rings by employing the concept of C–H activation. This short review comprehensively compiles the various C–H bond activation assisted reactions of oxa- and azabicyclic alkenes, viz., ring-opening reactions, hydroarylation, and annulation reactions.1 Introduction2 Reactions of Heterobicyclic Ring Systems2.1 Ring-Opening Reactions of Oxa- and Azabenzonorbornadienes2.1.1 Reactions Using 7-Oxabenzonorbornadienes2.1.2 Reactions Using 7-Azabenzonorbornadienes2.2 Hydroarylation Reactions2.3 Annulation Reactions2.4 Other Reactions3 Conclusion
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13
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Pounder A, Tam W, Chen LD. The Mechanism and Origin of Enantioselectivity in the Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring-Opening Reactions of Oxabicyclic Alkenes with Organoboronic Acids: A DFT Investigation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Pounder
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Leanne D. Chen
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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14
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Pounder A, Bishop F, Chen LD, Tam W. A DFT Study on the Mechanism and Origin of Regioselectivity in the Rhodium/Diene‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Reactions of C1‐Substituted Oxabenzonorbornadienes with Arylboronic Acids. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Pounder
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Guelph Guelph N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Fiona Bishop
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Guelph Guelph N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Leanne D. Chen
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Guelph Guelph N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Guelph Guelph N1G 2W1 Canada
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15
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Lu L, Bi K, Huang X, Liu M, Zhou Y, Wu H. Catalyst and Additive‐Free Selective Ring‐Opening Selenocyanation of Heterocycles with Elemental Selenium and TMSCN. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Guo Lu
- College of chemistry and materials engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Bi
- College of chemistry and materials engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Bo Huang
- College of chemistry and materials engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Miao‐Chang Liu
- College of chemistry and materials engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Yun‐Bing Zhou
- College of chemistry and materials engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua‐Yue Wu
- College of chemistry and materials engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
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16
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Tan H, Khan R, Xu D, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Shi G, Fan B. Cobalt-catalyzed ring-opening addition of azabenzonorbornadienes via C(sp3)–H bond activation of 8-methylquinoline. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12570-12573. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05374k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first ring-opening addition of a benzylic C(sp3)–H bond to azabenzonorbornadienes is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Yuehua Street
- Kunming
- China
| | - Ruhima Khan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Yuehua Street
- Kunming
- China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Yuehua Street
- Kunming
- China
| | - Yongyun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Yuehua Street
- Kunming
- China
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Yuehua Street
- Kunming
- China
| | - Guangrui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Yuehua Street
- Kunming
- China
| | - Baomin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Yuehua Street
- Kunming
- China
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