1
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Wang Y, Opsomer T, de Jong F, Verhaeghe D, Mulier M, Van Meervelt L, Van der Auweraer M, Dehaen W. Palladium-Catalyzed Arylations towards 3,6-Diaryl-1,3a,6a-triazapentalenes and Evaluation of Their Fluorescence Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:2229. [PMID: 38792091 PMCID: PMC11123795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methyl 4-(1,3a,6a-triazapentalen-3-yl)benzoate (TAP1) shows interesting properties as a small molecule fluorophore. In the search for post-functionalization methods, palladium-catalyzed arylation reactions were demonstrated. Direct CH arylation reactions of TAP1 with various aryl halides resulted in 3,6-diaryltriazapentalenes TAP4, although mostly in poor yields. Bromination of TAP1 followed by Suzuki coupling, on the other hand, requires a more delicate procedure, but gave arylated products with the same regiochemistry (TAP4) in moderate to good yields. The structure of 6-phenyltriazapentalene TAP4a was confirmed by crystallographic analysis. In addition, the effect of the C6 arylation on the fluorescent properties of 3-aryl-1,3a,6a-triazapentalenes was studied in dichloromethane at room temperature and in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 77 K, while the photophysical properties of two saponified derivatives were measured in acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Wang
- Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Opsomer
- Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flip de Jong
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.d.J.); (M.V.d.A.)
| | - Davy Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.d.J.); (M.V.d.A.)
| | - Maarten Mulier
- Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.d.J.); (M.V.d.A.)
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Zhao WW, Tian MY, Zhou YL, Liu LJ, Tian SF, He CY, Yang XZ, Chen YZ, Han WY. Trifluoromethyl Rhodium-Carbynoid in [2+1+2] Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318887. [PMID: 38237082 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl cationic carbyne (CF3 C+ :) possessing dual carbene-carbocation behavior emulated as trifluoromethyl metal-carbynoid (CF3 C+ =M) has not been explored yet, and its reaction characteristics are unknown. Herein, a novel α-diazotrifluoroethyl sulfonium salt was prepared and used in Rh-catalyzed three-component [2+1+2] cycloadditions for the first time with commercially available N-fused heteroarenes and nitriles, yielding a series of imidazo[1,5-a] N-heterocycles that are of interest in medicinal chemistry, in which the insertion of trifluoromethyl Rh-carbynoid (CF3 C+ =Rh) into C=N bonds of N-fused heteroarenes was involved. This strategy demonstrates synthetic applications in late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals, construction of CD3 -containing N-heterocycles, gram-scale experiments, and synthesis of phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor analog. These highly valuable and modifiable imidazo[1,5-a] N-heterocycles exhibit good antitumor activity in vitro, thus demonstrating their potential applications in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Rd., 563006, Zunyi, China
| | - Meng-Yang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Rd., 563006, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Rd., 563006, Zunyi, China
| | - Lu-Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Rd., 563006, Zunyi, China
| | - Shao-Fang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Rd., 563006, Zunyi, China
| | - Chun-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Rd., 563006, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Rd., 563006, Zunyi, China
| | - Xing-Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Rd., 563006, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Rd., 563006, Zunyi, China
| | - Wen-Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Rd., 563006, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Rd., 563006, Zunyi, China
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3
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Wang R, Stevaert A, Truong TN, Li Q, Krasniqi B, Van Loy B, Voet A, Naesens L, Dehaen W. Exploration of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenoids as inhibitors of human coronavirus 229E targeting the viral nsp15 protein. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300442. [PMID: 37840345 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised major interest in innovative drug concepts to suppress human coronavirus (HCoV) infections. We previously reported on a class of 1,2,3-triazolo fused betulonic acid derivatives causing strong inhibition of HCoV-229E replication via the viral nsp15 protein, which is proposedly related to compound binding at an intermonomer interface in hexameric nsp15. In the present study, we further explored the structure-activity relationship (SAR), by varying the substituent at the 1,2,3-triazolo ring as well as the triterpenoid skeleton. The 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenoids were synthesized by a multicomponent triazolization reaction, which has been developed in-house. Several analogs possessing a betulin, oleanolic acid, or ursolic acid core displayed favorable activity and selectivity (EC50 values for HCoV-229E: 1.6-3.5 μM), but neither of them proved as effective as the lead compound containing betulonic acid. The 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid-containing analogs had low selectivity. The antiviral findings were rationalized by in silico docking in the available structure of the HCoV-229E nsp15 protein. The new SAR insights will aid the further development of these 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenoid compounds as a unique type of coronavirus inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Stevaert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tien Nguyen Truong
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qifei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Besir Krasniqi
- Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Van Loy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout Voet
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Raji Reddy C, Ganesh V, Punna N. Domino Aza-Annulations of Enynyl-/(Alkynyl)aryl-acetonitriles to Access Nitrogen-Enriched Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11547-11557. [PMID: 35998892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unprecedented domino aza-annulations of (E)-2-en-4-ynyl-acetonitriles (generated from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman acetates of propiolaldehydes for the first time) with sodium azide under metal- and oxidant-free conditions for the assembly of triazolo-pyridines are accomplished. The developed strategy offers broad substrate scope, extending to (2-alkynyl)aryl and indolyl-acetonitriles to provide the corresponding triazolo-fused isoquinolines and β-carbolines, respectively, in good yields. Additionally, the synthetic utility of the products is demonstrated via denitrogenative coupling of fused triazoles with different nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Veeramalla Ganesh
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nagender Punna
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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5
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Urea-dithiocarbamic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles modified with Ch-Cl: catalytic application for the synthesis of novel hybrid pyridones via cooperative geminal-vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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6
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Kotovshchikov YN, Sultanov RH, Latyshev GV, Lukashev NV, Beletskaya IP. Domino assembly of dithiocarbamates via Cu-catalyzed denitrogenative thiolation of iodotriazole-based diazo precursors. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5764-5770. [PMID: 35815554 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient domino approach to assemble benzoxazoles and anthranilamides bearing dithiocarbamate moieties has been developed. The proposed route represents a Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction between readily available 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles, amines, and CS2. The cascade transformation is based on a denitrogenative coupling of in situ formed dithiocarbamic acids with diazo intermediates, generated via annulation-triggered triazole ring-opening. This method is applicable to nucleophilic secondary amines and features good functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury N Kotovshchikov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Rinat H Sultanov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Gennadij V Latyshev
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Nikolay V Lukashev
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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7
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Akter M, Rupa K, Anbarasan P. 1,2,3-Triazole and Its Analogues: New Surrogates for Diazo Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13108-13205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Akter
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Kavuri Rupa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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8
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Wang R, Krasniqi B, Li Y, Dehaen W. Triphenylphosphonium-linked derivative of allobetulin: preparation, anticancer properties and their mechanism of inhibiting SGC-7901 cells proliferation. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Eerlings R, Barbakadze N, Nguyen T, Nadaraia N, Smeets E, Moris L, Handle F, El Kharraz S, Devlies W, Voet A, Dehaen W, Claessens F, Helsen C. Small-molecule profiling for steroid receptor activity using a universal steroid receptor reporter assay. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 217:106043. [PMID: 34902544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A critical step in the development of novel drug candidates for the treatment of steroid related diseases is ensuring the absence of crosstalk with steroid receptors (SRs). Establishing this SR cross-reactivity profile requires multiple reporter assays as each SR associates with its unique enhancer region, a labor intensive and time-consuming approach. To overcome this need for multi-reporter assays, we established a steroid receptor inducible luciferase reporter assay (SRi-Luc) that allows side-by-side examination of agonistic and antagonistic properties of small-molecules on all steroid receptors. This state-of-the-art SRi-Luc consists of a unique alteration of four distinct keto-steroid- and estrogen response elements. As proof of principle, the SRi-Luc assay was used to profile a set of novel designed steroidal 1,2,3-triazoles. These triazolized steroidal compounds were developed via our in-house triazolization methodology, in which an enolizable ketone is converted into a triazolo-fused or -linked analog by treatment with a primary amine or ammonium salt in the presence of 4-nitrophenyl azide. From these designed steroidal 1,2,3-triazoles, six successfully reduced androgen receptor activity by 40 %. Although opted as antiandrogens, their cross-reactivity with other SRs was apparent in our SRi-Luc assay and rendered them unsuited for further antagonist development and clinical use. Overall, the SRi-Luc overcomes the need of multi-reporter assays for the profiling of small-molecules on all SRs. This not only reduces the risk of introducing biases, it as well accelerates early-stage drug discovery when designing particular SR selective (ant)agonists or characterizing off-target effects of lead molecules acting on any drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Eerlings
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nana Barbakadze
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Plant Biopolymers and Chemical Modification of Natural Compounds, TSMU Iovel Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nanuli Nadaraia
- Department of Plant Biopolymers and Chemical Modification of Natural Compounds, TSMU Iovel Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Elien Smeets
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Moris
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Handle
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah El Kharraz
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wout Devlies
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Helsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4-carbaldehyde: Scalable Synthesis and Its Use in the Preparation of 1-Alkyl-4-Formyl-1,2,3-triazoles. ORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/org2040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole-4-carbaldehydes are useful synthetic intermediates which may play an important role in the discovery of novel applications of the 1,2,3-triazole moiety. In this work, a one-step multigram scale synthesis of 4-formyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (FNPT) as a preferred reagent for the synthesis of 1-alkyl-4-formyltriazoles is described, making use of the commercially available 3-dimethylaminoacrolein and 4-nitrophenyl azide. Next, the earlier reported reaction of FNPT with alkylamines is further explored, and for hexylamine, the one-pot sequential cycloaddition and Cornforth rearrangement is demonstrated. In addition, a useful protocol for the in situ diazotization of 4-nitroaniline is provided. This facilitated the complete hydrolysis of rearranged 4-iminomethyl-1,2,3-triazoles and allowed for the recycling of 4-nitrophenyl azide.
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11
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Yuan H, Zhou P, Peng Z, Wang C. Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Dodecyl Tannin Derivative Linked with 1,2,3-Triazole. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100558. [PMID: 34761863 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dodecyl tannin derivative linked with 1,2,3-triazole was prepared by the click reaction of dodecyl azide and alkynylated tannin. The structure of tannin derivative was identified by FT-IR spectrometer and elemental analyzer, and the surface activity, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of tannin derivative were studied. The surface tension of tannin derivative was significantly reduced because of the introduction of long chain alkyl groups, and the lowest surface tension was 38.87 mN/m at 1.0 mg/mL. The tannin derivative had strong ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, the scavenging rate could reach 89.08 % at 0.25 mg/mL. The tannin derivative exhibited strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus due to the increased fat-solubility of tannin derivative and the introduction of antibacterial triazole groups in molecular structure of tannin derivative, and the bacteriostatic ratios of tannin derivative against E. coli and S. aureus were 92.16 % and 89.21 % at 2.0 mg/mL, respectively. The tannin derivative can be used as good candidates for antibacterial packaging or antioxidant supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yuan
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, P. R. China
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12
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Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of a Novel Series of Isoquinoline-Based CXCR4 Antagonists. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206297. [PMID: 34684878 PMCID: PMC8539250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An expansion of the structure–activity relationship study of CXCR4 antagonists led to the synthesis of a series of isoquinolines, bearing a tetrahydroquinoline or a 3-methylpyridinyl moiety as head group. All compounds were investigated for CXCR4 affinity and antagonism in competition binding and calcium mobilization assays, respectively. In addition, the anti-HIV activity of all analogues was determined. All compounds showed excellent activity, with compound 24c being the most promising one, since it displayed consistently low nanomolar activity in the various assays.
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13
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Horsten T, de Jong F, Theunissen D, Van der Auweraer M, Dehaen W. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of 1,2,3-Triazole BOPAHY Dyes and Their Water-Soluble Triazolium Salts. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13774-13782. [PMID: 34516732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble BOPAHY fluorophores have not yet been reported. The potential of 1,2,3-triazolium salts for the formation of water-soluble chromophores is explored. 1,2,3-Triazole-substituted pyrroles were synthesized in a metal-free pathway and alkylated to obtain water-soluble 1,2,3-triazolium BOPAHY dyes. High fluorescence quantum yields were observed for triazole-bridged BOPAHY dyes in DCM and moderate fluorescence quantum yields for 1,2,3-triazolium-bridged BOPAHY chromophores in DCM and water. The fluorescence of the freely rotatable 1,2,3-triazolium-linked BOPAHYs is partially quenched in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Horsten
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flip de Jong
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Theunissen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Kotovshchikov YN, Voloshkin VA, Latyshev GV, Lukashev NV, Beletskaya IP. Cascade Transformations of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines as Convenient Precursors of Diazo Compounds and Metal Carbenes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021080029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Tiuftiakov NY, Strelnikova JO, Filippov IP, Khaidarov AR, Khlebnikov AF, Bunev AS, Novikov MS, Rostovskii NV. Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Aroylpyrimidines via Cascade Heteropolyene Rearrangement. Org Lett 2021; 23:6998-7002. [PMID: 34424720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-step synthesis of cytotoxic 2-aroylpyrimidines by the denitrogenative reaction of 1-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles with isoxazoles under rhodium catalysis has been developed. According to the density functional theory calculations and control experiments, the disclosed reaction proceeds via the rearrangement of an oxadiazatetraene intermediate involving a cascade of intramolecular aza-Diels-Alder and retro-aza-Diels-Alder reactions. The presence of a substituent at C4 of the isoxazole is a prerequisite for the formation of the pyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Yu Tiuftiakov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Julia O Strelnikova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ilya P Filippov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Adel R Khaidarov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander S Bunev
- Medicinal Chemistry Center, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya Street, Togliatti 445020, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Rostovskii
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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16
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Wang R, Li Y, Hu H, Persoons L, Daelemans D, De Jonghe S, Luyten W, Krasniqi B, Dehaen W. Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113727. [PMID: 34352711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance and cancer are two important problems affecting human health. Actively developing novel antibiotics and anticancer medicines is a priority. Natural pentacyclic triterpenoids have attracted wide attention due to their significant biological activities. In this study, a series of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenoids (betulin, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid) were functionalized on the A-ring by an in-house developed multi-component triazolization reaction. The compounds were investigated for antitumoral activity in twelve cancer cell lines and were also tested for antibacterial activity against four bacteria. In terms of anticancer effects, compounds 5b-f and 8a-d displayed strong cytotoxic activity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Capan-1), chronic myeloid leukemia (Hap-1), acute myeloid leukemia (HL-60), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Jurkat) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (Rec-1) cell lines. Among them, compound 5f exhibited the most potent antiproliferative effect on HL-60 cells. Further pharmacological research confirmed that compound 5f caused mitochondrial dysfunction and arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase to induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells. In addition, compound 5f also induced autophagy to inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells. Antibacterial screening revealed that compounds 2a-g and 5a-d showed modest activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica) with especially compounds 2c and 2d being potent inhibitors of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica growth. Because of their promising anticancer and antibacterial activity, this series of compounds deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yang Li
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leentje Persoons
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49 - Box 1043, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49 - Box 1043, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49 - Box 1043, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Besir Krasniqi
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Xin L, Wan W, Yu Y, Wan Q, Ma L, Huang X. Construction of Protoberberine Alkaloid Core through Palladium Carbene Bridging C–H Bond Functionalization and Pyridine Dearomatization. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luoting Xin
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qiuling Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Liyao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xueliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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18
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Bicyclic 1,3a,6a-Triazapentalene Chromophores: Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Their Use as Fluorescent Sensors and Probes. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The 1,3a,6a-triazapentalene (TAP) is an aromatic heterocyclic fluorescent dye with interesting features such as its small size, large Stokes shift, solvatochromism, and emission wavelengths that are spread across the visible spectrum. TAPs have been synthesized via different synthetic strategies involving click−cyclization−aromatization domino reactions, gold-catalyzed cyclization of propargyl triazoles or triazolization of acetophenones. As a result, TAPs with diverse substitution patterns were obtained, showing varying fluorescence properties. Based on these properties, several TAPs have been selected and studied as fluorescent imaging probes in living cells and as sensors. This mini review provides an overview of the research on the bicyclic TAPs and does not comment on the literature about benzo or otherwise fused systems. The synthetic methodologies for the preparation of TAPs, the substituent effects on the fluorescence properties, and the behavior of the TAP core as an element of biological imaging probes and sensors are discussed.
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19
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Prakash R, Opsomer T, Dehaen W. Triazolization of Enolizable Ketones with Primary Amines: A General Strategy toward Multifunctional 1,2,3-Triazoles. CHEM REC 2020; 21:376-385. [PMID: 33350560 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of metal-free syntheses toward 1,2,3-triazoles has been a burgeoning research area throughout the past decade. Despite the numerous advances, the scarceness of methods for the preparation of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from readily available substrates remained a challenge that was addressed by our group in 2016. A metal-free three-component reaction, which we have dubbed the triazolization reaction, was established for the rapid synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted, fully functionalized and NH-1,2,3-triazoles. This novel approach stands out because it utilizes widely available starting materials, namely primary amines and enolizable ketones. Furthermore, the broad substrate scope is a major advantage, and was further expanded by the number of modified protocols that have been reported. Triazolization products have successfully found utility as intermediates in various synthetic transformations, and were the subject of a few interesting biological activity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Prakash
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Opsomer
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Duan S, Chen Y, Meng H, Shan L, Xu Z, Li C. Synthesis of [1,2,3]‐Triazolo[5,1‐
a
]‐isoquinolines through TBAF‐Promoted Cascade Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengguo Duan
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Yidian Chen
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Hui Meng
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Lihong Shan
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Ze‐Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Chuan‐Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
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21
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Shang Z, Zhang Z, Weng W, Wang Y, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Song L, Shao T, Liu K, Zhu Y. A Metal‐ and Azide‐free Oxidative Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines and their Application to Construct C−C and C‐P Bonds, 2‐Cyclopropylquinolines and Imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Hao Shang
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen‐Xiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Zhao Weng
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Fei Wang
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Tian‐Wei Cheng
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu‐Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Li‐Qun Song
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Tian‐Qi Shao
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai‐Xuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan‐Ping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University Shandong Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
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22
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Gujjarappa R, Vodnala N, Malakar CC. Comprehensive Strategies for the Synthesis of Isoquinolines: Progress Since 2008. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Manipur Imphal 795004 Manipur India
| | - Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Manipur Imphal 795004 Manipur India
| | - Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Manipur Imphal 795004 Manipur India
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23
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Abstract
AbstractDiazo compounds display versatile reactivity and therefore are widely used in organic synthesis. Diazo compounds bearing a 2-pyridyl or a related azine moiety on the diazo carbon exist in the form of fused 1,2,3-triazoles. In this short review, we summarize the recent advances in denitrogenative reactions of [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines (‘pyridotriazoles’) and related fused 1,2,3-triazoles. Over the past decade, there has been a surge of activity in this field, with novel denitrogenative reactions of pyridotriazoles induced by metal compounds, light, and Brønsted and Lewis acids having been devised. As a result, heterocyclic compounds and functionalized α-picolines as well as bioactive molecules have been synthesized. In the review, emphasis is also placed on the mechanisms of the new reactions.1 Introduction2 Ring-Chain Isomerization of Pyridotriazoles3 Metal-Catalyzed Reactions3.1 Rh(II) Catalysis3.2 Rh(III) Catalysis3.3 Cu Catalysis3.4 Pd Catalysis3.5 Catalysis by Other Metals4 Metal-Free Reactions5 Conclusion
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24
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Yadagiri D, Rivas M, Gevorgyan V. Denitrogenative Transformations of Pyridotriazoles and Related Compounds: Synthesis of N-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds and Beyond. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11030-11046. [PMID: 32786635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The high demand for new and efficient routes toward synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds has inspired organic chemists to discover several methodologies over recent years. This Perspective highlights one standout approach, which involves the use of pyridotriazoles and related compounds in denitrogenative transformations. Readily available pyridotriazoles undergo ring-chain isomerization to produce uniquely reactive α-diazoimines. Such reactivity, enabled by metal catalysts, additives, or visible-light irradiation, can be applied in transannulation, insertion, cyclopropanation, and many other transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongari Yadagiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Mónica Rivas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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25
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Wang Y, Opsomer T, Van Meervelt L, Dehaen W. Ring-Degenerate Rearrangement Resulting from the Azo Coupling Reaction of a 3-Aryl-1,3a,6a-triazapentalene. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9434-9439. [PMID: 32573232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 3-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)triazapentalene is a highly fluorescent small molecule which is readily accessible via a two-step synthesis. In the search for postfunctionalization methods, a radical CH-arylation with diazonium salts was attempted. However, azo coupling resulted in a ring-degenerate rearrangement toward a 2-aryl-4-azotriazapentalene, which was confirmed via crystallographic analysis. A mechanism involving the generation of a nitrilimine is proposed. In addition, reduction of the azo group led to cleavage of the triazapentalene core. The present results further demonstrate the sensitivity of the triazapentalene fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Wang
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Opsomer
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology Section, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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