1
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McNeill F, Twamley B, Guiry PJ. Asymmetric Synthesis of Quaternary α-Aryl Stereocentres in Benzofuran-3(2H)-Ones Using Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Chemistry 2024:e202401738. [PMID: 38752722 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The Pd-catalysed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation (DAAA) has been applied to the enantioselective synthesis of sterically hindered benzofuran-3(2H)-one-derived α-aryl-β-keto esters employing the (R,R)-ANDEN phenyl Trost ligand. A range of substrates were synthesised, employing previously developed aryllead triacetate methodology to install various aryl groups. The resulting α-aryl-α-allyl benzofuran-3(2H)-one DAAA products were obtained in moderate to high yields and in enantioselectivities of up to 96 % ee, with the best results observed for substrates containing a di-ortho-substitution pattern on the aryl ring as well as naphthyl-containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionn McNeill
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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2
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Nasibullina ER, Mendogralo EY, Merkushev AA, Makarov AS, Uchuskin MG. Oxidative Transformation of 2-Furylanilines into Indolin-3-ones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6602-6606. [PMID: 38635314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Oxidation of 2-furylaninlies with m-CPBA followed by treatment with a base provides access to functionalized indolin-3-ones. The designed oxidative transformation utilizes an underassessed chemical behavior of furyl-containing amines to form a C-N bond via engaging a β-carbon atom of the furan core upon a ring-forming step, thereby providing an alternative disconnection toward nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina R Nasibullina
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Y Mendogralo
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Anton A Merkushev
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Anton S Makarov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim G Uchuskin
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
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3
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Park SY, Kim J, Ko HM. Modified Chemoselective Reduction and Consecutive Regioselective Deuteration Reaction Catalyzed by B(C 6F 5) 3. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1996-2005. [PMID: 36716117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An efficient chemoselective reduction of isatin derivatives using catalyst B(C6F5)3, benzyldimethylsilane, and H2O is described. Notably, a small amount of water is shown to be a highly effective reaction promoter that decreases the reaction time and temperature for the synthesis of indolin-3-ones. Moreover, using method, excellent deuterium incorporation is achieved via the catalytic α-deuteration of indolin-3-ones using B(C6F5)3 and D2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Yeon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Haye Min Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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4
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Mandal M, Pradhan R, Lourderaj U, Balamurugan R. Dodging the Conventional Reactivity of o-Alkynylanilines under Gold Catalysis for Distal 7- endo- dig Cyclization. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2260-2287. [PMID: 36744758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A direct ring-closing strategy involving a less facile 7-endo-dig carbacyclization of o-alkynylaniline derivatives for the synthesis of benzo[b]azepines has been presented. The trivial well-documented 5-endo-dig cyclization in o-alkynylaniline derivatives due to high nucleophilicity of nitrogen has been overcome by using their vinylogous amides under gold catalysis to access a wide array of benzo[b]azepines in an atom economical way with excellent functional group compatibility. Deuterium scrambling experiments and DFT studies favor a mechanism involving stabilizing conformational change of the initially formed seven-membered vinyl gold intermediate through a key cyclopropyl gold carbene intermediate and its subsequent protodeauration mediated by the counter anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Mandal
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana-500046, India
| | - Renuka Pradhan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha-752050, India
| | - Upakarasamy Lourderaj
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha-752050, India
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5
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Röhrig UF, Majjigapu SR, Vogel P, Reynaud A, Pojer F, Dilek N, Reichenbach P, Ascenção K, Irving M, Coukos G, Michielin O, Zoete V. Structure-based optimization of type III indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1773-1811. [PMID: 35758198 PMCID: PMC9246256 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2089665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The haem enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyses the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism and plays an essential role in immunity, neuronal function, and ageing. Expression of IDO1 in cancer cells results in the suppression of an immune response, and therefore IDO1 inhibitors have been developed for use in anti-cancer immunotherapy. Here, we report an extension of our previously described highly efficient haem-binding 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole inhibitor series, the best compound having both enzymatic and cellular IC50 values of 34 nM. We provide enzymatic inhibition data for almost 100 new compounds and X-ray diffraction data for one compound in complex with IDO1. Structural and computational studies explain the dramatic drop in activity upon extension to pocket B, which has been observed in diverse haem-binding inhibitor scaffolds. Our data provides important insights for future IDO1 inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute F Röhrig
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Somi Reddy Majjigapu
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vogel
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Reynaud
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nahzli Dilek
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reichenbach
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ascenção
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Ludwig Cancer Research-Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
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6
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Tang J, Wang Y, Bai W, Zhou Y, Yu W, Li Y. α-Rhenabenzofuran with nonaromatic T 0 and aromatic S 1 states. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9495-9500. [PMID: 35686950 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first α-rhenabenzofuran complexes 2-5 are obtained from one-pot reactions of ReCl3(PMePh2)3 with o-ethynyl phenols. With a delocalized structure, these paramagnetic compounds are nonaromatic at the ground state, which is a triplet. But they exhibit an aromatic singlet excited state, revealed by DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yilun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P.R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Key Laboratory of Guangxi Colleges and Universities for Food Safety and Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Nanning, 530008, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P.R. China
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7
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Vavsari VF, Nikbakht A, Balalaie S. Annulation of 2‐Alkynylanilines: The Versatile Chemical Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaezeh Fathi Vavsari
- KN Toosi: KN Toosi University of Technology Chemistry IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Ali Nikbakht
- K N Toosi University of Technology Faculty of General Science Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Kavian 9, Dr. Shariati Street 15875-4416 Tehran IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- K N Toosi University of Technology Faculty of General Science Chemistry Department PO Box 15875-4416 15875-4416 Tehran IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
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8
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Festa A, Raspertov P, Voskressensky L. 2‐(Alkynyl)anilines and derivatives – versatile reagents for heterocyclic synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Festa
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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9
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Mandal S, Chaudhari RD, Biswas G. Advances in mercury(II)-salt-mediated cyclization reactions of unsaturated bonds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2348-2376. [PMID: 34621398 PMCID: PMC8450975 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of complex cyclic compounds is extremely challenging for organic chemists. Many transition-metal-salt-mediated cyclizations are reported in literature. Hg(II) salts have been successfully employed in cyclizations to form complex heterocyclic and carbocyclic structures that are impossible to synthesize with other transition metal salts. In this review, we have summarized cyclization reactions that are performed with Hg(II) salts. These salts are also successfully applied in stoichiometric or catalytic amounts to form complex cyclic structures and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Panchanan Nagar, Vivekananda Street, Cooch Behar - 736101, West Bengal, India
| | - Raju D Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Panchanan Nagar, Vivekananda Street, Cooch Behar - 736101, West Bengal, India
| | - Goutam Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Panchanan Nagar, Vivekananda Street, Cooch Behar - 736101, West Bengal, India
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10
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Mei X, Hu W, Gao K, Gao H, Wang C, Qian G, Rong Z. Synthesis of 1,2-diketones by mercury-catalyzed alkyne oxidation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1946082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Mei
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Weican Hu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Kexin Gao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Haotian Gao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Guoying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Zhouting Rong
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
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11
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Jeong H, Han N, Hwang DW, Ko HM. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Highly Chemoselective Reduction of Isatins: Synthesis of Indolin-3-ones and Indolines. Org Lett 2020; 22:8150-8155. [PMID: 33021380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A chemo- and site-selective reduction reaction of isatin derivatives using catalyst B(C6F5)3 and hydrosilanes is described. This transformation is operationally simple, proceeds under mild conditions, and is resistant to various functional groups. Thus, this efficient reaction using a combination of B(C6F5)3 and BnMe2SiH or B(C6F5)3 and Et2SiH2 could potentially be utilized to produce various indolin-3-ones and indolines, without the need for multistep procedures and metal catalysis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Han
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Haye Min Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.,Wonkwang Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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12
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Mathi GR, Kweon B, Moon Y, Jeong Y, Hong S. Regioselective C−H Functionalization of Heteroarene
N
‐Oxides Enabled by a Traceless Nucleophile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhar Rao Mathi
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Byeongseok Kweon
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Yonghoon Moon
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Yujin Jeong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
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13
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Mathi GR, Kweon B, Moon Y, Jeong Y, Hong S. Regioselective C-H Functionalization of Heteroarene N-Oxides Enabled by a Traceless Nucleophile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22675-22683. [PMID: 32888227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although N-alkenoxyheteroarenium salts have been widely used as umpoled synthons with nucleophilic (hetero)arenes, the use of electron-poor heteroarenes has remained unexplored. To overcome the inherent electron deficiency of quinolinium salts, a traceless nucleophile-triggered strategy was designed, wherein the quinolinium segment is converted into a dearomatized intermediate, thereby allowing simultaneous C8-functionalization of quinolines at room temperature. Experimental and computational studies support the traceless operation of a nucleophile, which enables the previously inaccessible transformation of N-alkenoxyheteroarenium salts. Remarkably, the generality of this strategy has been further demonstrated by broad applications in the regioselective C-H functionalization of other electron-deficient heteroarenes such as phenanthridine, isoquinoline, and pyridine N-oxides, offering a practical tool for the late-stage functionalization of complex biorelevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhar Rao Mathi
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Byeongseok Kweon
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yonghoon Moon
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yujin Jeong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
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14
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Wu N, Li C, Mi J, Zheng Y, Xu Z. A Strategy for Amide to β-Oxo Ester Transformation via N-Alkenoxypyridinium Salts as the Activator and H2O as the Nucleophile. Org Lett 2020; 22:7118-7122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jiajia Mi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China
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