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Thakur D, Sushmita, Meena SA, Verma AK. Advancement in Synthetic Strategies of Phosphorus Heterocycles: Recent Progress from Synthesis to Emerging Class of Optoelectronic Materials. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400058. [PMID: 39136671 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus heterocycles have long been acknowledged for their significant potential across diverse fields, including catalysis, material science, and drug development. Incorporating phosphorus functionalities into organic compounds offers a means to effectively tailor their medicinal properties, augment biological responses, and enhance selectivity and bioavailability. The distinctive physical and photoelectric characteristics of phosphorus-containing conjugated compounds have garnered considerable interest as promising materials for organic optoelectronics. These compounds find extensive utility in various applications such as light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells, phosphole-based fluorophores, and semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushmita
- Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Delhi, 110078
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2
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Liu S, Miah MAJ, Cerkovnik J, Košmrlj J, Snieckus V. The Versatile and Strategic O-Carbamate Directed Metalation Group in the Synthesis of Aromatic Molecules: An Update. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7731-7828. [PMID: 38864673 PMCID: PMC11212060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The aryl O-carbamate (ArOAm) group is among the strongest of the directed metalation groups (DMGs) in directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, especially in the form Ar-OCONEt2. Since the last comprehensive review of metalation chemistry involving ArOAms (published more than 30 years ago), the field has expanded significantly. For example, it now encompasses new substrates, solvent systems, and metalating agents, while conditions have been developed enabling metalation of ArOAm to be conducted in a green and sustainable manner. The ArOAm group has also proven to be effective in the anionic ortho-Fries (AoF) rearrangement, Directed remote metalation (DreM), iterative DoM sequences, and DoM-halogen dance (HalD) synthetic strategies and has been transformed into a diverse range of functionalities and coupled with various groups through a range of cross-coupling (CC) strategies. Of ultimate value, the ArOAm group has demonstrated utility in the synthesis of a diverse range of bioactive and polycyclic aromatic compounds for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Susana Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
| | - M. A. Jalil Miah
- Department
of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Janez Cerkovnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
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3
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Pu L. Regioselective Substitution of BINOL. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6643-6689. [PMID: 38723152 PMCID: PMC11117191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) has been extensively used as the chirality source in the fields of molecular recognition, asymmetric synthesis, and materials science. The direct electrophilic substitution at the aromatic rings of the optically active BINOL has been developed as one of the most convenient strategies to structurally modify BINOL for diverse applications. High regioselectivity has been achieved for the reaction of BINOL with electrophiles. Depending upon the reaction conditions and substitution patterns, various functional groups can be introduced to the specific positions, such as the 6-, 5-, 4-, and 3-positions, of BINOL. Ortho-lithiation at the 3-position directed by the functional groups at the 2-position of BINOL have been extensively used to prepare the 3- and 3,3'-substituted BINOLs. The use of transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation has also been explored to functionalize BINOL at the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-positions. These regioselective substitutions of BINOL have allowed the construction of tremendous amount of BINOL derivatives with fascinating structures and properties as reviewed in this article. Examples for the applications of the optically active BINOLs with varying substitutions in asymmetric catalysis, molecular recognition, chiral sensing and materials are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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4
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Oeser P, Tobrman T. Organophosphates as Versatile Substrates in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2024; 29:1593. [PMID: 38611872 PMCID: PMC11154425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the applications of organophosphates in organic synthesis. After a brief introduction, it discusses cross-coupling reactions, including both transition-metal-catalyzed and transition-metal-free substitution reactions. Subsequently, oxidation and reduction reactions are described. In addition, this review highlights the applications of organophosphates in the synthesis of natural compounds, demonstrating their versatility and importance in modern synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomáš Tobrman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
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5
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Feberero C, Virumbrales C, Sedano C, Renedo L, Suárez-Pantiga S, Sanz R. Transition Metal-Free Synthesis of Halobenzo[ b]furans from O-Aryl Carbamates via o-Lithiation Reactions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020525. [PMID: 35056842 PMCID: PMC8778012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and transition metal-free one-pot protocol to synthesize halobenzo[b]furans has been developed employing simple and easily available starting materials such as O-aryl carbamates and alkynylsulfones. The fine-tuning of the different steps involved was key to achieving a successful one-pot procedure. Initially, a directed ortho-lithiation process, which uses the carbamate as the directed metalation group, was crucial in providing access to O-2-alkynylaryl N,N-diethyl carbamates by a direct alkynylation of the o-lithiated carbamate, with arylsulfonylalkynes as electrophilic reagents. Cyclization of the generated o-alkynylaryl carbamates was successfully accomplished through a strategy involving in situ carbamate alkaline hydrolysis under conventional heating or microwave irradiation, coupled with a subsequent heterocyclization step delivering the desired benzo[b]furans. A wide variety of new halobenzo[b]furans has been synthesized and their utility has been demonstrated by their further transformation.
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Knochel P, Cole KP. Directed Ortho Metalation in 2021: A Tribute to Victor Snieckus (August 1, 1937–December 18, 2020). Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximiians-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 8377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin P. Cole
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Joachim Gais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Professor-Pirlet Strasse 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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8
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Volpe R, Law HYL, White JM, Flynn BL. Selective Synthesis of C1-Symmetric BINOL-phosphates and P-chiral Phosphoramides Using Directed ortho-Lithiation. Org Lett 2021; 23:7055-7058. [PMID: 34448592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Directed ortho-lithiation (DoL) has been developed as an effective method for the ortho-substitution of BINOL-phosphoric acid and BINOL-N-triflylphosphoramide (BINOL-P-acids). It can be employed in the rapid assembly of either mono- or disubstituted BINOL-P-acids, including unsymmetrical disubstitution through iterative DoL. Most significantly, DoL has proven to be highly effective in the diastereoselective desymmetrization of pseudo-C2-symmetric BINOL-N-triflylphosphoramide, affording a chiral P-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Volpe
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hanson Y-L Law
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- Bio21 Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bernard L Flynn
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Jones CCV, Patel JJ, Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Ross GM, Keller BO, Sauriol F, Schatte G, Johnson ER, Snieckus V. Directed Ortho and Remote Metalation of Naphthalene 1,8-Diamide: Complementing S EAr Reactivity for the Synthesis of Substituted Naphthalenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:1966-1973. [PMID: 33667110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and dianion species of 1,8-naphthalene diamide 2 were generated under sec-BuLi/TMEDA conditions and trapped with a variety of electrophiles to give 2- and 2,7- substituted products 3 and 4. Using Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, mono- and di-iodinated products were converted into the corresponding 2-aryl (5) and 2,7-diaryl (6) products, respectively. The amide-amide rotation barrier of 2 was established by VT NMR, and the structure of fluorenone structure 9, obtained by remote metalation, was secured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jignesh J Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Gregory M Ross
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | | | - Francoise Sauriol
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gabriele Schatte
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Erin R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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