1
|
Gharge S, Alegaon SG. Recent Studies of Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Heterocyclic Analogues as Novel Antidiabetic Agents: A Review. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301738. [PMID: 38126280 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on the rise, which demands the identification of novel antidiabetic drugs. There is a need for safer and more effective alternatives because the therapy methods now available to manage diabetes have limits. Due to their diverse pharmacological characteristics, heterocyclic molecules with nitrogen and Sulfur atoms have become intriguing candidates in medicinal chemistry. These substances have a wide variety of structures that can be customized to target different pathways associated with diabetes and can affect important biological targets involved in glucose homeostasis. This review provides a thorough summary of the most recent studies on heterocyclic analogues of nitrogen and Sulfur as prospective antidiabetic agents. This review examines the variety of their structural forms, their methods of action, and assesses the results of preclinical and clinical investigations on their effectiveness and safety. Additionally, further optimization and development of innovative antidiabetic medications are highlighted, as well as the difficulties and prospects for the future in utilizing the therapeutic potential of these analogues. This study seeks to stimulate additional investigation and cooperation between researchers and medicinal chemists, promoting improvements in the creation of efficient and secure antidiabetic medicines to fulfill the needs in the management of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gharge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, 590 010, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - S G Alegaon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, 590 010, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jones SP, Firth JD, Wheldon MC, Atobe M, Hubbard RE, Blakemore DC, De Fusco C, Lucas SCC, Roughley SD, Vidler LR, Whatton MA, Woolford AJA, Wrigley GL, O'Brien P. Exploration of piperidine 3D fragment chemical space: synthesis and 3D shape analysis of fragments derived from 20 regio- and diastereoisomers of methyl substituted pipecolinates. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1614-1620. [PMID: 36545433 PMCID: PMC9749955 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery is now widely adopted for lead generation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, fragment screening collections are often predominantly populated with flat, 2D molecules. Herein, we report the synthesis of piperidine-based 3D fragment building blocks - 20 regio- and diastereoisomers of methyl substituted pipecolinates using simple and general synthetic methods. cis-Piperidines, accessed through a pyridine hydrogenation were transformed into their trans-diastereoisomers using conformational control and unified reaction conditions. Additionally, diastereoselective lithiation/trapping was utilised to access trans-piperidines. Analysis of a virtual library of fragments derived from the 20 cis- and trans-disubstituted piperidines showed that it consisted of 3D molecules with suitable molecular properties to be used in fragment-based drug discovery programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Paul Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - James D. Firth
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Mary C. Wheldon
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Masakazu Atobe
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK,Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation632-1 Mifuku, IzunokuniShizuoka 410-2321Japan
| | - Roderick E. Hubbard
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK,Vernalis (R&D) Ltd.Granta Park, AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6GBUK
| | | | - Claudia De Fusco
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Synthetic Modalities13353BerlinGermany
| | - Simon C. C. Lucas
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeCB4 0WGUK
| | | | - Lewis R. Vidler
- Amphista TherapeuticsThe Cori Building, Granta Park, Great AbingtonCambridge CB21 6GQUK
| | - Maria Ann Whatton
- Evotec (UK) LtdDorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Campus, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, AbingdonOxonOX14 4RZUK
| | | | | | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hansen ME, Yasmin SO, Wolfrum S, Carreira EM. Total Synthesis of Mutanobactins A, B from the Human Microbiome: Macrocyclization and Thiazepanone Assembly in a Single Step. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203051. [PMID: 35593892 PMCID: PMC9400992 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the first total syntheses of tricyclic mutanobactins A and B, lipopeptides incorporating a thiazepanone, isolated from Streptococcus mutans, a member of the human oral microbiome. A rapid, solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) based route delivers these natural products from a cascade of cyclization reactions. This versatile process was also employed in a streamlined synthesis of mutanobactin D. Additionally, we provide an independent synthesis of a truncated mutanobactin A analog, utilizing a novel thiazepanone amino acid building block.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz E. Hansen
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Samuel O. Yasmin
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wolfrum
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hansen ME, Yasmin SO, Wolfrum S, Carreira EM. Total Synthesis of Mutanobactins A, B from the Human Microbiome: Macrocyclization and Thiazepanone Assembly in a Single Step. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz E. Hansen
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Samuel O. Yasmin
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wolfrum
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Klein HF, Hamilton DJ, J. P. de Esch I, Wijtmans M, O'Brien P. Escape from planarity in fragment-based drug discovery: a synthetic strategy analysis of synthetic 3D fragment libraries. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2484-2496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Ananeva A, Bakulina O, Dar’in D, Kantin G, Krasavin M. Dicarboxylic Acid Monoesters in β- and δ-Lactam Synthesis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082469. [PMID: 35458663 PMCID: PMC9032910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A N-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)glycine monomethyl ester of the respective dicarboxylic acid was involved in a reaction with imines promoted by acetic anhydride at an elevated temperature. Instead of the initially expected δ-lactam products of the Castagnoli–Cushman-type reaction, medicinally important 3-amino-2-azetidinones were obtained as the result of cyclization, involving a methylene group adjacent to an acid moiety. In contrast, replacing alcohol residue with hexafluoroisopropyl in the same substrate made another methylene group (adjacent to the ester moiety) more reactive to furnishing the desired δ-lactam in the Castagnoli–Cushman fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ananeva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, 198504 Peterhof, Russia; (A.A.); (D.D.); (G.K.)
| | - Olga Bakulina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, 198504 Peterhof, Russia; (A.A.); (D.D.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Dmitry Dar’in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, 198504 Peterhof, Russia; (A.A.); (D.D.); (G.K.)
| | - Grigory Kantin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, 198504 Peterhof, Russia; (A.A.); (D.D.); (G.K.)
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, 198504 Peterhof, Russia; (A.A.); (D.D.); (G.K.)
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Esch IJP, Erlanson DA, Jahnke W, Johnson CN, Walsh L. Fragment-to-Lead Medicinal Chemistry Publications in 2020. J Med Chem 2022; 65:84-99. [PMID: 34928151 PMCID: PMC8762670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) continues to evolve and make an impact in the pharmaceutical sciences. We summarize successful fragment-to-lead studies that were published in 2020. Having systematically analyzed annual scientific outputs since 2015, we discuss trends and best practices in terms of fragment libraries, target proteins, screening technologies, hit-optimization strategies, and the properties of hit fragments and the leads resulting from them. As well as the tabulated Fragment-to-Lead (F2L) programs, our 2020 literature review identifies several trends and innovations that promise to further increase the success of FBDD. These include developing structurally novel screening fragments, improving fragment-screening technologies, using new computer-aided design and virtual screening approaches, and combining FBDD with other innovative drug-discovery technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwan J. P. de Esch
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel A. Erlanson
- Frontier
Medicines, 151 Oyster
Point Blvd., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher N. Johnson
- Astex
Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Walsh
- Astex
Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pitchai M, Ulaganathan S, Venkateshappa SS, Akunuri A, Rampulla R, Mathur A, Gupta A. Concise synthesis of chiral pyrazolo[4,3‐
f
] [1,4]oxazepines and pyrazolo[4,3‐
f
] [1,4]thiazepines bearing pyrazole unit. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manivel Pitchai
- Biocon Bristol‐Myers Squibb Research Center Syngene International Ltd Bangalore India
| | - Sankar Ulaganathan
- Biocon Bristol‐Myers Squibb Research Center Syngene International Ltd Bangalore India
| | | | - Arun Akunuri
- Biocon Bristol‐Myers Squibb Research Center Syngene International Ltd Bangalore India
| | - Richard Rampulla
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Biocon Bristol‐Myers Squibb Research Center Syngene International Ltd Bangalore India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hamilton DJ, Dekker T, Klein HF, Janssen GV, Wijtmans M, O'Brien P, de Esch IJP. Escape from planarity in fragment-based drug discovery: A physicochemical and 3D property analysis of synthetic 3D fragment libraries. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 38:77-90. [PMID: 34895643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has grown into a well-established approach in the pursuit of new therapeutics. Key to the success of FBDD is the low molecular complexity of the initial hits and this has resulted in fragment libraries that mainly contain compounds with a two-dimensional (2D) shape. In an effort to increase the chemical diversity and explore the impact of increased molecular complexity on the hit rate of fragment library screening, several academic and industrial groups have designed and synthesised novel fragments with a three-dimensional (3D) shape. This review provides an overview of 25 synthetic 3D fragment libraries from the recent literature. We calculate and compare physicochemical properties and descriptors that are typically used to measure molecular three-dimensionality such as fraction sp3 (Fsp3), plane of best fit (PBF) scores and principal moment of inertia (PMI) plots. Although the libraries vary widely in structure and properties, some key common features can be identified which may have utility in designing the next generation of 3D fragment libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Hamilton
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Dekker
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna F Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Guido V Janssen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel Wijtmans
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Iwan J P de Esch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kalra P, McGraw L, Kimbrough JR, Pandey AK, Solberg J, Cui H, Divakaran A, John K, Hawkinson JE, Pomerantz WCK. Quantifying the Selectivity of Protein-Protein and Small Molecule Interactions with Fluorinated Tandem Bromodomain Reader Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:3038-3049. [PMID: 33138352 PMCID: PMC8185897 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multidomain bromodomain-containing proteins regulate gene expression via chromatin binding, interactions with the transcriptional machinery, and by recruiting enzymatic activity. Selective inhibition of members of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family is important to understand their role in disease and gene regulation, although due to the similar binding sites of BET bromodomains, selective inhibitor discovery has been challenging. To support the bromodomain inhibitor discovery process, here we report the first application of protein-observed fluorine (PrOF) NMR to the tandem bromodomains of BRD4 and BRDT to quantify the selectivity of their interactions with acetylated histones as well as small molecules. We further determine the selectivity profile of a new class of ligands, 1,4-acylthiazepanes, and find them to have ≥3-10-fold selectivity for the C-terminal bromodomain of both BRD4 and BRDT. Given the speed and lower protein concentration required over traditional protein-observed NMR methods, we envision that these fluorinated tandem proteins may find use in fragment screening and evaluating nucleosome and transcription factor interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakriti Kalra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Logan McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jennifer R Kimbrough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anil K Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jonathan Solberg
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Huarui Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anand Divakaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kristen John
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Jon E Hawkinson
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William C K Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|