1
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Naniyil A, Koroth Valappil N, Andrews AP, Gokulnath S. Carbazole-embedded p-benziporphyrinoid: synthesis, structure and a reversible chemodosimeter for mercury(II) ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6957-6960. [PMID: 38887917 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02281e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The first carbazole-embedded p-benziporphyrinoid is synthesized by a [3+1] acid-catalyzed condensation between appropriate coupling partners. The macrocycle 1 exhibited orange emission and showed a large Stokes shift of 5831 cm-1. Intriguingly, it shows a selective affinity towards Hg2+ ions over other metal-ions in a reversible manner. Job's plot confirmed the 1 : 1 stoichiometry with unambiguous confirmation of both 1 and 1-Hg by single crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Naniyil
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Naveen Koroth Valappil
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Alex P Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
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2
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Kalaiselvan A, Naniyil A, Ipe RM, Krishna Isukapalli SV, Vennapusa SR, Andrews AP, Gokulnath S. Stable Inner 2H Tautomer of N-Confused-like Porphyrin Embedded with a Carbazole Subunit: Synthesis, Metal Coordination, and Magnetic and Anion Sensing Studies. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14377-14387. [PMID: 37787478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A new class of N-confused porphyrin 1 embedded with a carbazole subunit was prepared via [3 + 1] acid-catalyzed condensation of appropriate precursors. 1 underwent smooth metal complexation with Pd(II) and Cu(II) salts to provide the corresponding diamagnetic 1-Pd and paramagnetic 1-Cu, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray structure of 1-Pd is evident with a square-planar Pd-center through C-H activation of inverted pyrrole. Superconducting quantum interference device analysis combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results provided insights into the paramagnetic nature of 1-Cu. Further, a ratiometric enhancement of near-IR fluorescence at 746 nm was found to be reversible upon adding CN- and F- ions. The solid-state structure of 1-Pd confirms that the anionic species is due to NH deprotonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Kalaiselvan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Athira Naniyil
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Ruth Mariam Ipe
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sai Vamsi Krishna Isukapalli
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Alex P Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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3
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Mariammal M, Sahane N, Tiwari S. Water-soluble anionic N-confused porphyrin for sensitive and selective detection of heavy metal pollutants in aqueous environment. ANAL SCI 2023:10.1007/s44211-023-00341-5. [PMID: 37140885 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficient detection and quantification of metal ions in real time and in a cost-effective manner is a critical step in combating the increasing danger of heavy metal contamination of our biosphere. The potential of water-soluble anionic derivative of N-confused tetraphenylporphyrin (WS-NCTPP) has been investigated for quantitative detection of heavy metal ions. The results show that the photophysical properties of WS-NCTPP differ significantly in the presence of four metal ions, namely Hg(II), Zn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II). The variation in the spectral behaviour is driven by the formation of 1:1 complexes with all the four cations with varied degree of complexation. The selectivity of the sensing is studied through interference studies, indicating maximum selectivity for Hg(II) cations. Computational studies of the structural features of the metal complexes with WS-NCTPP help in establishing the geometry and binding interactions between the metal ions and the porphyrin nucleus. The results demonstrate the promising potential of the NCTPP probe which should be utilized for detection of heavy metal ions, especially mercury, in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Mariammal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Nisha Sahane
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Shraeddha Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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4
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Ipe RM, Nag P, Mori S, Nambiar AP, Vennapusa SR, Gokulnath S. Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Properties of a Bis-Macrocycle Derived from a Highly Emissive 1,3,6,8-Tetra(1 H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyrene. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15022-15030. [PMID: 36321998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A tetra-functionalized pyrene precursor 4b is prepared using the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene with N-Boc-2-pyrroleboronic acid. 4b displayed a blue emission with a high quantum yield (ϕF = 0.89). 4b is subjected to [3 + 2] Lewis acid-catalyzed condensation with 2,2'-bithiophene-dialcohol 5, affording a planar bis-N2S2 internally linked with pyrene. The single-crystal X-ray structure of bis-N2S2 revealed a planar conformation with all of the pyrrolic nitrogens and thiophenic sulfurs pointing toward the macrocyclic core. Further, the reduction of bis-N2S2 was attempted in the presence of Zn/NH4Cl at room temperature in CHCl3. A sharp color change from pink to brown was observed presumably due to the formation of its reduced congener bis-N2S2-2H. However, the reduced species was found to revert back to its oxidized form over a period of 25 min in CHCl3. Density functional theory (DFT) studies reveal that the two monocyclic halves of bis-N2S2-2H exhibit differences in aromaticity depending on amino and imino pyrroles present inside each individual core. Such a conversion was also monitored by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectral studies, and the exact composition of bis-N2S2-2H was confirmed by High-resolution/mass spectrometry (HR/MS) analysis. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal a weak aromatic character of bis-N2S2 due to the absence of global conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Mariam Ipe
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695-551, India
| | - Probal Nag
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695-551, India
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Division of Material Science, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Anjana P Nambiar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695-551, India
| | - Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695-551, India
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695-551, India
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5
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Jin GQ, Chau CV, Arambula JF, Gao S, Sessler JL, Zhang JL. Lanthanide porphyrinoids as molecular theranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6177-6209. [PMID: 35792133 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00275b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, lanthanide (Ln) porphyrinoids have received increasing attention as theranostics. Broadly speaking, the term 'theranostics' refers to agents designed to allow both disease diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. This Review summarises the history and the 'state-of-the-art' development of Ln porphyrinoids as theranostic agents. The emphasis is on the progress made within the past decade. Applications of Ln porphyrinoids in near-infrared (NIR, 650-1700 nm) fluorescence imaging (FL), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiotherapy, and chemotherapy will be discussed. The use of Ln porphyrinoids as photo-activated agents ('phototheranostics') will also be highlighted in the context of three promising strategies for regulation of porphyrinic triplet energy dissipation pathways, namely: regioisomeric effects, metal regulation, and the use of expanded porphyrinoids. The goal of this Review is to showcase some of the ongoing efforts being made to optimise Ln porphyrinoids as theranostics and as phototheranostics, in order to provide a platform for understanding likely future developments in the area, including those associated with structure-based innovations, functional improvements, and emerging biological activation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Calvin V Chau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Jonathan F Arambula
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA. .,InnovoTEX, Inc. 3800 N. Lamar Blvd, Austin, Texas 78756, USA.
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China. .,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, P. R. China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China. .,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, P. R. China
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6
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Chen H, Shi X, Lun Y, Xu Y, Lu T, Duan Z, Shao M, Sessler JL, Yu H, Lei C. 3,6-Carbazoylene Octaphyrin (1.0.0.0.1.0.0.0) and Its Bis-BF 2 Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8194-8203. [PMID: 35482960 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
3,6-Carbazole precursors were used to prepare an octaphyrin. The conformation and electronic structure of the system could be modulated through trifluoroacetate (TFA) protonation and BF2 complexation. The resulting nonaromatic macrocyclic complexes, 2-2TFA and 2-2BF2, displayed noteworthy photophysical properties. For instance, the diprotonated species 2-2TFA showed a strong panchromic absorption up to 800 nm, while the bis-BF2-chelated dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-like complex 2-2BF2 exhibited an intense visible absorption feature (ε535nm = 2.1 × 105 M-1 cm-1), as well as a relatively red-shifted emission at 640 nm characterized by a large Stokes shift. It was found that 2-2BF2 could be used to construct a high-quality organic microlaser that functions under optical pumping. The present study highlights the potential utility of expanded porphyrins as possible laser dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yipeng Lun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tian Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Min Shao
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center of Shanghai University, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Huakang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.,China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou Knowledge City, Guangzhou 510663, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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7
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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8
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Gharpure SJ, Hande PE, Pandey SK, Samala G. TMSOTf-Mediated Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition-Retro-aza-Michael Cascade of Vinylogous Carbamates for the Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Pyridocarbazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16652-16665. [PMID: 34766500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate mediated dimerization reaction of vinylogous carbamates of carbazoles gave highly fluorescent pyridocarbazoles through a Povarov-type formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition-retro-aza-Michael cascade. The developed strategy was used to access indolo pyridocarbazole and quinolizinocarbazolone in an expeditious manner. Various coupling reactions were successfully performed on synthesized pyridocarbazoles to study the effect of electronics of substitution on photophysical properties. Synthesized carbazoles possess excellent photophysical properties with high quantum yields (ΦF). Fluorescent carbazole dicarboxylic acid showed potential as a pH probe to give a linear response to pH over a very wide range (7.0-3.0) reflecting high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Pankaj E Hande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Surya K Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ganesh Samala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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9
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Zhou W, Hao M, Lu T, Duan Z, Sarma T, Sessler JL, Lei C. Carbazole-Containing Carbadecaphyrins: Non-aromatic Expanded Porphyrins that Undergo Proton-Triggered Conformational Changes. Chemistry 2021; 27:16173-16180. [PMID: 34532908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A pair of meso-unsubstituted expanded carbaporphyrins containing two carbazole moieties were prepared in high isolated yields (82 and 76 %, respectively). The two macrocycles, namely 3 and 4, differ with respect to their substitution at the carbazole N-atoms i. e. by H and i-Bu, respectively. As prepared in their free-base forms, macrocycles 3 and 4 adopt figure-of-eight conformations and are best characterized as 40 π-electron, non-aromatic species possessing a decaphyrin(1.1.0.0.0.1.1.0.0.0) skeleton. Protonation of 3 with either trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or perchloric acid (HClO4 ) produces a parallelogram-shaped structure. A similar structure is produced when N-functionalized system 4 is treated with TFA. In contrast, protonation of 4 with HClO4 leads it to adopt a twisted Möbius strip-like structure in the solid state, thus allowing access to three distinct conformational states as a function of the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Hao
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tian Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tridib Sarma
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, United States
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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10
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Kalaiselvan A, Dhamija S, Aswathi C, De AK, Gokulnath S. Planar hexaphyrin-like macrocycles turning into bis-BODIPYs with box-shaped structures exhibiting excitonic coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11485-11488. [PMID: 34651622 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04403f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Planar carbazole based hexaphyrin-like macrocycles with bis-coordinating cores and box-shaped cyclic BODIPYs were synthesized. Solution and solid-state structure analysis of the free macrocycles indicates an inversion of two pyrrole rings, resulting in a two-dipyrrin-like environment. The BF2 complexes show large Stokes shifts and exhibit excitonic coupling, fine-tuned by the meso-substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Kalaiselvan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Shaina Dhamija
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab-140306, India.
| | - Chakrapani Aswathi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Arijit K De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab-140306, India.
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
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11
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Zhu M, Zhang H, Ran G, Mangel DN, Yao Y, Zhang R, Tan J, Zhang W, Song J, Sessler JL, Zhang JL. Metal Modulation: An Easy-to-Implement Tactic for Tuning Lanthanide Phototheranostics. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7541-7552. [PMID: 33973784 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phototheranostics constitute an emerging cancer treatment wherein the core diagnostic and therapeutic functions are integrated into a single photosensitizer (PS). Achieving the full potential of this modality requires being able to tune the photosensitizing properties of the PS in question. Structural modification of the organic framework represents a time-honored strategy for tuning the photophysical features of a given PS system. Here we report an easy-to-implement metal selection approach that allows for fine-tuning of excited-state energy dissipation and phototheranostics functions as exemplified by a set of lanthanide (Ln = Gd, Yb, Er) carbazole-containing porphyrinoid complexes. Femto- and nanosecond time-resolved spectroscopic studies, in conjunction with density functional theory calculations, revealed that the energy dissipation pathways for this set of PSs are highly dependent on the energy gap between the lowest triplet excited state of the ligand and the excited states of the coordinated Ln ions. The Yb complex displayed a balance of deactivation mechanisms that made it attractive as a potential combined photoacoustic imaging and photothermal/photodynamic therapy agent. It was encapsulated into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) to provide a biocompatible construct, YbL@MSN, which displays a high photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 45%) and a decent singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ = 31%). Mouse model studies revealed that YbL@MSN allows for both photoacoustic imaging and synergistic photothermal- and photodynamic-therapy-based tumor reduction in vivo. Our results lead us to suggest that metal selection represents a promising approach to fine-tuning the excited state properties and functional features of phototheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Daniel N Mangel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Yuhang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - JianXin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, China
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12
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Kalaiselvan A, Spergen A, Krishna ISV, Reddy VS, Gokulnath S. Double intramolecular hydrogen transfer assisted dual emission in a carbazole-embedded porphyrin-like macrocycle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4420-4423. [PMID: 33949463 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00868d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a pyrrole ring at one of the meso positions of carbazole-based porphyrins lowers the structural symmetry and results in dual emission, which strongly depends on the excitation wavelength and temperature. The origin of dual emission induced by NH-tautomerism is confirmed via photophysical and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugan Kalaiselvan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Aswini Spergen
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Isukapalli Sai Vamsi Krishna
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Vennapusa Sivaranjana Reddy
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Kerala, India.
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Maeda C, Shirakawa T, Ema T. Synthesis and electronic properties of carbazole-based core-modified diporphyrins showing near infrared absorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15048-15051. [PMID: 33196711 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06289h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Directly linked carbazole-based core-modified diporphyrin D2 and fused diporphyrin F2 were synthesized. These diporphyrins showed significant electronic interactions and conjugation allowing for redshifted near infrared (NIR) absorption and small HOMO-LUMO gaps as confirmed by NIR absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Maeda
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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