1
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Su Z, Tan B, Li Z, Huang H, Zhang Y. Palladium/Amine Dual-Catalyzed Tsuji-Trost Fluoroallylation of Aldehydes with gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:5375-5379. [PMID: 38864753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We herein disclose the Pd/amine dual-catalyzed ring-opening cross-coupling reaction between gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-F2CPs) with aldehydes, which enables the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of 2-fluoroallylic aldehydes bearing all-carbon quaternary centers with features of broad scope and excellent functional group tolerance. The synthetic value of this Tsuji-Trost system was further demonstrated by late-stage functionalization of natural product-derived gem-F2CPs and the diverse synthesis of various fluoroallylic aldehyde derivatives, including alcohol, alkyne, alkene, and amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Su
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Binhong Tan
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huicai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, China
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2
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Su Z, Tan B, He H, Chen K, Chen S, Lei H, Chen TG, Ni SF, Li Z. Enantioselective Tsuji-Trost α-Fluoroallylation of Amino Acid Esters with Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402038. [PMID: 38412055 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A novel enantioselective Tsuji-Trost-type cross coupling reaction between gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes and N-unprotected amino acid esters enabled by synergistic Pd/Ni/chiral aldehyde catalysis is presented herein. This transformation streamlined the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of optically active α-quaternary α-amino acid esters bearing a linear 2-fluoroallylic motif, which served as an appealing platform for the construction of other valuable enantioenriched compounds. The key intermediates were confirmed by HRMS detection, while DFT calculations revealed that the excellent enantioselectivity was attributed to the stabilizing non-covalent interactions between the Pd(II)-π-fluoroallyl species and the Ni(II)-Schiff base complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Su
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Binhong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaifeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shixin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Tie-Gen Chen
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, 528400, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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3
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Luo M, Zhu S, Yang C, Guo L, Xia W. Photoinduced Regioselective Fluorination and Vinylation of Remote C(sp 3)-H Bonds Using Thianthrenium Salts. Org Lett 2024; 26:4388-4393. [PMID: 38752694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a photoredox-driven practical protocol for fluorinated alkene synthesis using easily accessible and modular thianthrenium salts with electron-withdrawing alkynes or propargyl alcohols is reported. Vinyl radical intermediates, formed by the reaction between the alkyl or trifluoromethyl thianthrenium salts and electronically diverse alkynes, can mediate the key 1,5-HAT process of regioselective C(sp3)-H fluorination and vinylation. This protocol provides straightforward access to structurally diverse trifluoromethyl- or distally fluoro-functionalized alkene products in 21-79% yields with a broad substrate range under mild photocatalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Luo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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4
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Wu X, Song X, Xia Y. High-Valent Copper Catalysis Enables Regioselective Fluoroarylation of Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401243. [PMID: 38460153 PMCID: PMC11095216 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal (TM) catalyzed reaction of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-DFCPs) has drawn much attention recently. The reaction generally occurs via the activation of the distal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs by a low-valent TM through oxidative addition, eventually producing mono-fluoro olefins as the coupling products. However, achieving regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs that overcomes the intrinsic reactivity via TM catalysis remains elusive. Here, a new reaction mode of gem-DFCPs enabled by high-valent copper catalysis, which allows exclusive activation of the congested proximal C─C bond is presented. The reaction that achieves fluoroarylation of gem-DFCPs uses NFSI (N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide) as electrophilic fluoro reagent and arenes as the C─H nucleophiles, enabling the synthesis of diverse CF3-containing scaffolds. It is proposed that a high-valent copper species plays an important role in the regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond possibly via a σ-bond metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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5
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Zeng Y, Jiang ZT, Xia Y. Selectivity in Rh-catalysis with gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3764-3773. [PMID: 38501197 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Small-ring chemistry is a fascinating field in organic chemistry. gem-Difluorinated cyclopropanes, a unique class of cyclopropanes, have garnered significant interest due to their intrinsic high reactivity. In this context, gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes have been extensively investigated as fluoroallylic synthons in Pd-catalyzed ring-opening/cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of monofluoroalkenes with linear or branched selectivity. In contrast, Rh-catalysis has revealed diverse selectivity in the reaction of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes, such as regioselectivity, enantioselectivity, and chemoselectivity. This feature article aims to summarize our efforts towards developing Rh-catalyzed reactions of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes, briefly discussing the design, selectivity, reaction mechanisms and future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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6
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Qian H, Cheng ZP, Luo Y, Lv L, Chen S, Li Z. Pd/IPr BIDEA-Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes: Regioselective Synthesis of Terminal Fluoroalkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24-32. [PMID: 37830927 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing new strategies to enable chemo- and regioselective reductions is an important topic in chemical research. Herein, an efficient and regioselective Pd/IPrBIDEA-catalyzed ring-opening hydrodefluorination of gem-difluorocyclopropanes to access terminal fluoroalkenes is developed. The success of this transformation was attributed to the use of 3,3-dimethylallyl Bpin as a novel hydride donor. DFT calculations suggest that a direct 3,4'-hydride transfer via a 9-membered cyclic transition state is more favorable, which combined with the irreversibility of the reaction enables the unusual selectivity for the less thermodynamically stable terminal alkene isomer. This reaction mode is also applicable to a variety of regioselective allylic and propargyl reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zachary P Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Yani Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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7
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Ahmed EAMA, Zhang H, Cao WG, Gong TJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes with gem-Diborylalkanes for the Synthesis of Boryl-Substituted Fluorinated Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:9020-9024. [PMID: 38063840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel method for the regioselective coupling of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes with gem-diborylmethane, utilizing a Pd-catalyst system. This innovative approach enables the synthesis of 2-fluoroalkenyl monoboronate scaffolds with high Z-selectivity. The resulting products undergo further transformations, including oxidation, Suzuki cross-coupling, and trifluoroborylation, all of which are achieved with good yields. This work introduces a valuable synthetic pathway to access important fluorinated compounds for various applications in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongchen Zhang
- College of pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wen-Gen Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tian-Jun Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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8
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Li D, Shen C, Si Z, Liu L. Palladium-Catalyzed Fluorinative Bifunctionalization of Aziridines and Azetidines with gem-Difluorocyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310283. [PMID: 37572320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented Pd-catalyzed fluorinative bifunctionalization of aziridines and azetidines was successfully developed via regioselective C-C and C-F bond cleavage of gem-difluorocyclopropanes, leading to various β,β'-bisfluorinated amines and β,γ-bisfluorinated amines. This reaction was achieved by incorporating a 2-fluorinated allyl group and a fluorine atom scissored from gem-difluorocyclopropane in 100 % atom economy for the first time. The mechanistic investigations indicated that the reaction underwent amine attacking 2-fluorinated allyl palladium complex to generate η2 -coordinated N-allyl aziridine followed by fluoride ligand transfer affording the final β- and γ-fluorinated amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chaoren Shen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhiyao Si
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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9
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Yan Y, Qian H, Lv L, Li Z. Pd-IHept-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes with Malonates Via Selective C-C Bond Cleavage: Synthesis of Monofluoroalkenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37737890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Monofluoroalkene scaffolds are frequently found in various functional molecules. Herein, we report a Pd-IHept-catalyzed (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) defluorinative functionalization approach for the synthesis of monofluoroalkenes from gem-difluorocyclopropanes and malonates. The flexible yet sterically hindered N,N'-bis(2,6-di(4-heptyl)phenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene ligand plays a key role in ensuring the high reaction efficiency. In addition, sterically hindered 1,1- and 1,2-disubstituted gem-difluorocyclopropanes could also be used in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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10
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Zhou W, Chen P, Li ZQ, Xiao LT, Bai J, Song XR, Luo MJ, Xiao Q. Electrochemical 1,3-Alkyloxylimidation of Arylcyclopropane Radical Cations: Four-Component Access to Imide Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:6919-6924. [PMID: 37695045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a general electrochemical radical-cation-mediated four-component ring-opening 1,3-alkyloxylimidation of arylcyclopropanes, acetonitrile, carboxylic acids, and alcohols is described, providing a facile and sustainable approach to quickly construct structurally diverse imide derivatives from easily available raw materials in an operationally simple undivided cell. This metal-catalyst- and oxidant-free single-electron oxidation strategy offers a green alternative for the formation of highly reactive cyclopropane-derived radical cations, and this protocol features a broad functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Zi-Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Li-Tong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xian-Rong Song
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
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11
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Zhao YR, Ma ZY, Liu L, Gao P, Duan XH, Hu M. Synthesis of α-Difluoromethylene Ethers via Photoredox-Induced Hyperconjugative Ring Opening of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3787-3793. [PMID: 36827360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated compounds have found widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Precise construction of α-difluoromethylene ether (CF2-O) moiety in organic molecules is of high demand. Herein, a visible light-promoted reaction protocol for the synthesis of α-difluoromethylene ether from gem-difluorocyclopropane is described. The key ring-opening step is induced by hyperconjugative interaction of cyclopropane with photo-oxidized aromatic rings. This reaction is easy scale-up, and the products bearing a synthetic handle enable their further manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rou Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Ma
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Le Liu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pin Gao
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mingyou Hu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Nguyen TVT, Wodrich MD, Waser J. Substrate-controlled C-H or C-C alkynylation of cyclopropanes: generation of aryl radical cations by direct light activation of hypervalent iodine reagents. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12831-12839. [PMID: 36519037 PMCID: PMC9645386 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first oxidative C-H alkynylation of arylcyclopropanes. Irradiation of ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents with visible light at 440 nm promoted the reaction. By the choice of the aryl group on the cyclopropane, it was possible to completely switch the outcome of the reaction from the alkynylation of the C-H bond to the oxyalkynylation of the C-C bond, which proceeded without the need for a catalyst, in contrast to previous works. The oxyalkynylation could also be extended to aminocyclopropanes as well as styrenes. Computations indicated that the C-H activation became a favoured nearly barrierless process in the presence of two ortho methyl groups on the benzene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin V T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Ch-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Wodrich
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Ch-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Ch-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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13
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Wu X, Zeng Y, Jiang ZT, Zhu Y, Xie L, Xia Y. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Cross-Coupling Reaction of gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes Enabled by C–F Bond Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:8429-8434. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yulei Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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14
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Ge L, Zhang C, Pan C, Wang DX, Liu DY, Li ZQ, Shen P, Tian L, Feng C. Photoredox-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage of cyclopropanes for the formation of C(sp 3)-heteroatom bonds. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5938. [PMID: 36209214 PMCID: PMC9547854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterically congested C-O and C-N bonds are ubiquitous in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive compounds. However, the development of a general method for the efficient construction of those sterically demanding covalent bonds still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a photoredox-driven ring-opening C(sp3)-heteroatom bond formation of arylcyclopropanes is presented, which enables the construction of structurally diversified while sterically congested dialkyl ether, alkyl ester, alcohol, amine, chloride/fluoride, azide and also thiocyanate derivatives. The selective single electron oxidation of aryl motif associated with the thermodynamic driving force from ring strain-release is the key for this transformation. By this synergistic activation mode, C-C bond cleavage of otherwise inert cyclopropane framework is successfully unlocked. Further mechanistic and computational studies disclose a complete stereoinversion upon nucleophilic attack, thus proving a concerted SN2-type ring-opening functionalization manifold, while the regioselectivity is subjected to an orbital control scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ge
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chengkai Pan
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ding-Xing Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Dong-Ying Liu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Pingkang Shen
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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15
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Lv L, Qian H, Li Z. Catalytic Diversification of gem‐Difluorocyclopropanes: Recent Advances and Challenges. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Renmin University of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Zhiping Li
- Renmin University of China Chemistry CHINA
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16
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Corpas J, Kim-Lee SH, Mauleón P, Arrayás RG, Carretero JC. Beyond classical sulfone chemistry: metal- and photocatalytic approaches for C-S bond functionalization of sulfones. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6774-6823. [PMID: 35838659 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00535e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exceptional versatility of sulfones has been extensively exploited in organic synthesis across several decades. Since the first demonstration in 2005 that sulfones can participate in Pd-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura type reactions, tremendous advances in catalytic desulfitative functionalizations have opened a new area of research with burgeoning activity in recent years. This emerging field is displaying sulfone derivatives as a new class of substrates enabling catalytic C-C and C-X bond construction. In this review, we will discuss new facets of sulfone reactivity toward further expanding the flexibility of C-S bonds, with an emphasis on key mechanistic features. The inherent challenges confronting the development of these strategies will be presented, along with the potential application of this chemistry for the synthesis of natural products. Taken together, this knowledge should stimulate impactful improvements on the use of sulfones in catalytic desulfitative C-C and C-X bond formation. A main goal of this article is to bring this technology to the mainstream catalysis practice and to serve as inspiration for new perspectives in catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Corpas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Shin-Ho Kim-Lee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Mauleón
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| | - Ramón Gómez Arrayás
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| | - Juan C Carretero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
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17
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Ai Y, Yang H, Duan C, Li X, Yu S. Cobalt-Catalyzed Fluoroallyllation of Carbonyls via C-C Activation of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5051-5055. [PMID: 35833731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A new Co-catalyzed sequential C-C and C-F activation of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-FCPs) to form nucleophilic fluoroallylcobalt, followed by addition to aldehydes, is reported. The protocol features the regioselective cleavage of dual chemical bonds of readily available gem-FCPs to prepare easily separable linear (Z)- and (E)-fluorinated homoallylic alcohols with a broad scope. This discovery established a new strategy for the efficient transformation of gem-FCPs as well as the synthesis of challenging fluorinated homoallylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Ai
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Hanlin Yang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Songjie Yu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.,Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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18
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Ligand‐Controlled Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Defluorinative Allylation of
gem
‐Difluorocyclopropanes
via
σ‐Bond Activation. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Suga T, Takada R, Shimazu S, Sakata M, Ukaji Y. Highly ( E)-Selective Trisubstituted Alkene Synthesis by Low-Valent Titanium-Mediated Homolytic Cleavage of Alcohol C-O Bond. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7487-7493. [PMID: 35609287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ti-mediated homolytic C-O bond cleavage was useful for cascade radical-ionic reactions. Benzyl alcohols treated with TiCl4(col) (col = 2,4,6-collidine) and Mn powder generated the corresponding benzyl radicals; in addition, their reaction with 2-carboxyallyl acetates and the subsequent elimination of the acetoxy group yielded α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with exclusive (E)-stereoselectivity. The simplicity of the procedure and its wide substrate scope represent a solution to the drawbacks associated with the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suga
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryusei Takada
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shoma Shimazu
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sakata
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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20
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Lv L, Qian H, Crowell AB, Chen S, Li Z. Pd/NHC-Controlled Regiodivergent Defluorinative Allylation of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes with Allylboronates. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Anna B. Crowell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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21
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Liu H, Tian L, Wang H, Li ZQ, Zhang C, Xue F, Feng C. A novel type of donor-acceptor cyclopropane with fluorine as the donor: (3 + 2)-cycloadditions with carbonyls. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2686-2691. [PMID: 35340862 PMCID: PMC8890111 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00302c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
gem-Difluorocyclopropane diester is disclosed as a new type of donor–acceptor cyclopropane, which smoothly participates in (3 + 2)-cycloadditions with various aldehydes and ketones. This work represents the first application of gem-difluorine substituents as an unconventional donor group for activating cyclopropane substrates in catalytic cycloaddition reactions. With this method, a wide variety of densely functionalized gem-difluorotetrahydrofuran skeletons, which are otherwise difficult to prepare, could be readily assembled in high yields under mild reaction conditions. Computational studies show that the cleavage of the C–C bond between the difluorine and diester moieties occurs upon a SN2-type attack of the carbonyl oxygen. A new type of donor–acceptor cyclopropane with gem-difluorine as an unconventional donor group undergoes (3 + 2)-cycloadditions with various aldehydes/ketones, affording densely functionalized gem-difluorotetrahydrofurans.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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22
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Zuo Z, Studer A. 1,3-Oxyalkynylation of Aryl Cyclopropanes with Ethylnylbenziodoxolones Using Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:949-954. [PMID: 35023750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alkynes and cyclopropanes are vital motifs in chemistry. Herein, a photoredox catalyzed 1,3-oxyalkynylation of aryl cyclopropanes with ethylnylbenziodoxolones (EBXs) in an atom-economic fashion is described. This cascade comprises single-electron oxidation of the aryl cyclopropane and nucleophilic ring opening followed by radical alkynylation at the benzylic position. The EBX compounds act as bifunctional reagents providing the nucleophilic acid as well as the alkynyl entity. The introduced method features mild conditions and wide substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zuo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
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23
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Sivanandan ST, Bharath Krishna R, Baiju TV, Mohan C. Visible‐Light‐Mediated Ring‐Opening Reactions of Cyclopropanes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Bharath Krishna
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
| | - Thekke V. Baiju
- Department of chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Chithra Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
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24
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Zhang XG, Li X, Zhang C, Feng C. Multisubstituted Cyclohexene Construction through Telescoped Radical-Addition Induced Remote Functional Group Migration and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) Olefination. Org Lett 2021; 23:9611-9615. [PMID: 34870438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient telescoped method for the rapid assembly of multisubstituted cyclohexenes is presented herein. The whole process nicely merges photoredox-promoted alkene difunctionalization via remote functional group migration with concomitant intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) olefination. The characteristic feature of this protocol resides in the fact that the follow-up requiring ketone functionality for ring-closing olefination is in situ unveiled from the otherwise inert tertiary alcohol by the preceding alkene difunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Gui Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xin Li
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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25
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Lv L, Qian H, Ma Y, Huang S, Yan X, Li Z. Ligand-controlled regioselective and chemodivergent defluorinative functionalization of gem-difluorocyclopropanes with simple ketones. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15511-15518. [PMID: 35003579 PMCID: PMC8654029 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating the reaction selectivity is highly attractive and pivotal to the rational design of synthetic regimes. The defluorinative functionalization of gem-difluorocyclopropanes constitutes a promising route to construct β-vinyl fluorine scaffolds, whereas chemo- and regioselective access to α-substitution patterns remains a formidable challenge. Presented herein is a robust Pd/NHC ligand synergistic strategy that could enable the C-F bond functionalization with exclusive α-regioselectivity with simple ketones. The key design adopted enolates as π-conjugated ambident nucleophiles that undergo inner-sphere 3,3'-reductive elimination warranted by the sterically hindered-yet-flexible Pd-PEPPSI complex. The excellent branched mono-defluorinative alkylation was achieved with a sterically highly demanding IHept ligand, while subtly less bulky SIPr acted as a bifunctional ligand that not only facilitated α-selective C(sp3)-F cleavage, but also rendered the newly-formed C(sp2)-F bond as the linchpin for subsequent C-O bond formation. These examples represented an unprecedented ligand-controlled regioselective and chemodivergent approach to various mono-fluorinated terminal alkenes and/or furans from the same readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
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26
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Chu XQ, Ge D, Cui YY, Shen ZL, Li CJ. Desulfonylation via Radical Process: Recent Developments in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12548-12680. [PMID: 34387465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the "chemical chameleon", sulfonyl-containing compounds and their variants have been merged with various types of reactions for the efficient construction of diverse molecular architectures by taking advantage of their incredible reactive flexibility. Currently, their involvement in radical transformations, in which the sulfonyl group typically acts as a leaving group via selective C-S, N-S, O-S, S-S, and Se-S bond cleavage/functionalization, has facilitated new bond formation strategies which are complementary to classical two-electron cross-couplings via organometallic or ionic intermediates. Considering the great influence and synthetic potential of these novel avenues, we summarize recent advances in this rapidly expanding area by discussing the reaction designs, substrate scopes, mechanistic studies, and their limitations, outlining the state-of-the-art processes involved in radical-mediated desulfonylation and related transformations. With a specific emphasis on their synthetic applications, we believe this review will be useful for medicinal and synthetic organic chemists who are interested in radical chemistry and radical-mediated desulfonylation in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Chu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Danhua Ge
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan-Ying Cui
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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27
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Xia Y, Jiang ZT, Zeng Y. Rhodium-Catalyzed Direct Allylation of Simple Arenes by Using Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes as Allyl Surrogates. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1536-2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes have become an important type of allyl surrogate in transition-metal-catalyzed ring-opening processes, as demonstrated recently through various important advances, especially with palladium catalysis. The versatile fluorinated allyl species generated in this way from gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes exhibit unique advantages compared with conventional allyl sources. By using gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes as allyl surrogates, we achieved a direct allylation of simple arenes through rhodium catalysis under mild conditions. This transformation permits directing-group-free allylation of simple arenes, including electron-neutral, electron-rich, and electron-deficient ones. Here, we give a brief introduction to this area and we discuss our thoughts regarding our recent work and its design.1 Introduction2 Our Design3 Condition Optimization and Substrate Scope4 Applications in Synthesis5 Mechanistic Discussions6 Conclusion and Outlook
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28
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Bobrova AY, Novikov MA, Tomilov YV. (2-Fluoroallyl)pyridinium tetrafluoroborates: novel fluorinated electrophiles for Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4678-4684. [PMID: 34076023 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00567g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient two-step approach to 2-fluoroallyl amines was developed that involves the synthesis of (2-fluoroallyl)pyridinium tetrafluoroborates from readily available gem-bromofluorocyclopropanes and the application of the former as novel and stable 2-fluoroallyl electrophiles for Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Yu Bobrova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. and Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya pl., 125047 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim A Novikov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Yury V Tomilov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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29
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Jiang Z, Huang J, Zeng Y, Hu F, Xia Y. Rhodium Catalyzed Regioselective C−H Allylation of Simple Arenes via C−C Bond Activation of
Gem
‐difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong‐Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jiangkun Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Fangdong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Linyi University Linyi 276005 China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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30
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Jiang ZT, Huang J, Zeng Y, Hu F, Xia Y. Rhodium Catalyzed Regioselective C-H Allylation of Simple Arenes via C-C Bond Activation of Gem-difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10626-10631. [PMID: 33599074 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a rhodium catalyzed directing-group free regioselective C-H allylation of simple arenes. Readily available gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes can be employed as highly reactive allyl surrogates via a sequence of C-C and C-F bond activation, providing allyl arene derivatives in good yields with high regioselectivity under mild conditions. The robust methodology enables facile late-stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules. The high efficiency of this reaction is also demonstrated by the high turnover number (TON, up to 1700) of the rhodium catalyst on gram-scale experiments. Preliminary success on kinetic resolution of this transformation is achieved, providing a promising access to enantio-enriched gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiangkun Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fangdong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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