1
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Li MY, Chen P, Pan MX, Hu HL, Jiang YJ. Palladium-catalyzed amidation of carbazole derivatives via hydroamination of isocyanates. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39005158 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The first amidation of carbazoles at the N9 position via palladium-catalyzed hydroamination of isocyanates is demonstrated. This simple, general and efficient method could deliver a wide range of carbazole-N-carboxamides in up to 99% yield. The salient features of this transformation include simple conditions with no need for a strong base, high chemo- and regio-selectivities and good functional group tolerance. In particular, this work-up-free and chromatography-free protocol is time-saving, cost-effective and user-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Ming-Xia Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Hao-Lan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Yi-Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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2
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Zhang L, Wang Z, Song Z. Synthesis of Benzo[ a]carbazoles and Dibenzo[ c, g]carbazoles via Sequential Gold Catalysis and Photomediated Cyclization. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8888-8895. [PMID: 38818883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a reaction protocol for the construction of benzo[a]carbazole and dibenzo[c,g]carbazole frameworks. The detailed gold catalytic reaction conditions developed for the challenging intermolecular carbon nucleophilic addition to internal alkynes are realized, giving the desired alkyne hydroarylation products in good yields. The resulting trisubstituted alkenes are able to undergo photomediated cyclization, furnishing the desired carbazole molecules with excellent yields and high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P. R. China
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3
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Li P, Fu X, Zhou Q, Fu X, Wang A, Zhang G, Jiao W, Wang C. Mechanistic understanding and the rational design of a SiO 2@CD catalyst for selective protection of L-lysine. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:551-563. [PMID: 36537901 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01535h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the selective protection of L-lysine mediated by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was investigated by preliminary experiments, including the reaction efficiency influenced by different reaction conditions, and the existence of (1a·CD)' and 1a·CD·2a was evidenced by ESI-MS and 2D Rotating Frame Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (ROESY) analysis. The results indicated that the formation of (1a·CD)' is critical for the product selectivity and the further formation of the ternary complex 1·CD·2 is responsible for the reaction efficiency. Thus, the yields and selectivity were significantly influenced by the structure, size and reactivity of the reactants. During the mechanistic investigations, we realized that the formation of the product and the β-CD complex at the final stage of the reaction would cause difficulty in product purification by a previously reported homogeneous method. In light of this understanding, an efficient and practical protocol for selective protection of L-lys based on a heterogeneous catalyst SiO2@CD was developed. The use of the SiO2 immobilized β-CD catalyst prevented the formation of the "capped" products by controlling the spatial rearrangement of β-CDs on solid supports, which represents a considerable synthetic improvement over the tedious and wasteful organic solvent extraction for product purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Fu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China. .,College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan university, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xuewen Fu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - An Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan university, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Wei Jiao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chun Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Lao T, Chen J, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Cao G, Su Z, Yu Y, Cao H. Visible-light-induced synthesis of N-disulfanyl indoles, pyrroles or carbazoles via the construction of stable S-S-N bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:458-461. [PMID: 36519391 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04616d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient visible-light-induced approach for the formation of stable S-S-N bonds has been developed. Through these photocatalytic reactions, a series of N-disulfanyl indoles, pyrroles and carbazoles were afforded with good to excellent yields. Moreover, the gram-scale experiment has confirmed the practicability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Lao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Xianhang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Ziwu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Gao Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China. .,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform, Zhongshan 528437, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China. .,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform, Zhongshan 528437, China
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5
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Yang JM, Yao ML, Li JC, Liu JK, Wu B. Access to Azepino-Annulated Benzo[ c]carbazoles Enabled by Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynylindoles and Subsequent Oxidative Cyclization. Org Lett 2022; 24:6505-6509. [PMID: 36047768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a facile and efficient synthetic method to construct azepino[1,2-a]indoles through a novel gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynylindoles. A wide range of functional groups can be well tolerated in this transformation, and the corresponding highly functionalized azepino[1,2-a]indole skeletons were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Subsequent oxidation of the products gave the interesting and valuable polycyclic carbazoles, which were widely used as the key building blocks in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Lian Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Chi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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6
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Ma F, Wu XT, Miao LW, Sun F, Jiang YJ, Chen P. Metal‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Tri‐ and Difluoromethylated Bis(carbazolyl)methanes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Prusty N, Banjare SK, Mohanty SR, Nanda T, Yadav K, Ravikumar PC. Synthesis and Photophysical Study of Heteropolycyclic and Carbazole Motif: Nickel-Catalyzed Chelate-Assisted Cascade C-H Activations/Annulations. Org Lett 2021; 23:9041-9046. [PMID: 34788053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, nickel-catalyzed synthesis of polyarylcarbazole through sequential C-H bond activations has been described. Regioselective indole C2/C3 functionalization has been achieved in the presence of indole C7-H, which is quite challenging. In addition, this approach also gives easy access to building a heteropolycyclic motif through C6/C7 C-H functionalization of indoline. This methodology is not limited to aromatic internal alkynes as coupling partners; aliphatic alkynes have also shown good tolerance. Notably, during the optimization the catalytic enhancement with sodium iodide as an additive has been observed. We have also studied the photophysical properties of these highly conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Prusty
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Banjare
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Smruti Ranjan Mohanty
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Tanmayee Nanda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Komal Yadav
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Ponneri C Ravikumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
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8
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Xiao EK, Wu XT, Ma F, Miao LW, Jiang YJ, Chen P. Iron-catalyzed alkylation of carbazole derivatives via hydroarylation of styrenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7148-7151. [PMID: 34184010 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02449c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first direct and selective 3,6-di-alkylation of carbazoles via iron-catalyzed hydroarylation of styrenes is demonstrated. This simple, general and efficient method could deliver a wide range of di-benzyl-carbazoles with high chemo- and regio-selectivity at room temperature in up to 96% yield with no need for a noble-metal catalyst, directing group or additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Kai Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Xian-Tao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Ma
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Le-Wei Miao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Jun Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
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9
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Fung AKK, Yu LJ, Sherburn MS, Coote ML. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization-Inspired Room Temperature (sp 3)C-N Coupling. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9723-9732. [PMID: 34181425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple nonphotochemical procedure is reported for Cu(I)-catalyzed C-N coupling of aliphatic halides with amines and amides. The process is loosely based on the Goldberg reaction but takes place readily at room temperature. It uses Cu(I)Br, a commonly used and inexpensive atom transfer radical polymerization precatalyst, along with the cheap ligand N,N,N',N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, to activate the R-X bond of the substrate via inner-sphere electron transfer. The procedure brings about productive C-N bond formation between a range of alkyl halide substrates with heterocyclic aromatic amines and amides. The mechanism of the coupling step, which was elucidated through application of computational methods, proceeds via a unique Cu(I) → Cu(II) → Cu(III) → Cu(I) catalytic cycle, involving (a) inner-sphere electron transfer from Cu(I) to the alkyl halide to generate the alkyl radical; (b) successive coordination of the N-nucleophile and the radical to Cu(II); and finally reductive elimination. In the absence of a nucleophile, debrominative homocoupling of the alkyl halide occurs. Control experiments rule out SN-type mechanisms for C-N bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred K K Fung
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Li-Juan Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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10
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Zhao H, Shen P, Sun D, Zhai H, Zhao Y. The Regioselective Functionalization Reaction of Unprotected Carbazoles with Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9189-9199. [PMID: 34111921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective functionalization reaction of unprotected carbazoles with donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes has been demonstrated for the first time. With Sc(OTf)3 as Lewis acid catalyst, the N-H functionalization of carbazoles takes place through a highly selective nitrogen-initiated nucleophilic ring opening reaction. Significantly, by engaging TfOH as Brønsted acid catalyst, a straightforward C-H functionalization at the 3-position of the unprotected carbazole proceeds via Friedel-Crafts-type addition. This strategy facilitates the diversity-oriented synthesis of carbazole-containing heterocycles and expands the novel application of D-A cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongru Sun
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Earth-Abundant 3d Transition Metal Catalysts for Hydroalkoxylation and Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the most noteworthy achievements in the field of C–O and C–N bond formation by hydroalkoxylation and hydroamination reactions on unactivated alkenes (including 1,2- and 1,3-dienes) promoted by earth-abundant 3d transition metal catalysts based on manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. The relevant literature from 2012 until early 2021 has been covered.
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12
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Wu XT, Xiao EK, Ma F, Yin J, Wang J, Chen P, Jiang YJ. Substrate-Controlled Regiodivergent Synthesis of Fluoroacylated Carbazoles via Friedel-Crafts Acylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6734-6743. [PMID: 33852307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A general, efficient, and substrate-controlled regiodivergent trifluoroacetylation of carbazoles has been developed through Friedel-Crafts acylation. This strategy was applicable to a wide scope of readily available substituted carbazoles at air atmosphere without using a metal catalyst, affording the corresponding trifluoroacetylated carbazoles in up to 99% yield. The divergency of the products and the orientation rules have been illustrated based on different substituents on carbazole rings. This method could also be extended to the synthesis of chlorodifluoroacetylated and pentafluoropropionylated carbazoles, which have been achieved for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Tao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Kai Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ma
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yin
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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