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Li W, Xie X, Liu J, Yu H, Li SM. Prenylation of dimeric cyclo-L-Trp-L-Trp by the promiscuous cyclo-L-Trp-L-Ala prenyltransferase EchPT1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6887-6895. [PMID: 37713115 PMCID: PMC10589136 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Prenyltransferases (PTs) from the dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase (DMATS) superfamily are known as efficient biocatalysts and mainly catalyze regioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of tryptophan and tryptophan-containing cyclodipeptides (CDPs). They can also use other unnatural aromatic compounds as substrates and play therefore a pivotal role in increasing structural diversity and biological activities of a broad range of natural and unnatural products. In recent years, several prenylated dimeric CDPs have been identified with wide range of bioactivities. In this study, we demonstrate the production of prenylated dimeric CDPs by chemoenzymatic synthesis with a known promiscuous enzyme EchPT1, which uses cyclo-L-Trp-L-Ala as natural substrate for reverse C2-prenylation. High product yields were achieved with EchPT1 for C3-N1' and C3-C3' linked dimers of cyclo-L-Trp-L-Trp. Isolation and structural elucidation confirmed the product structures to be reversely C19/C19'-mono- and diprenylated cyclo-L-Trp-L-Trp dimers. Our study provides an additional example for increasing structural diversity by prenylation of complex substrates with known biosynthetic enzymes. KEY POINTS: • Chemoenzymatic synthesis of prenylated cyclo-L-Trp-L-Trp dimers • Same prenylation pattern and position for cyclodipeptides and their dimers. • Indole prenyltransferases such as EchPT1 can be widely used as biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jing Liu
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Huili Yu
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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2
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An T, Feng X, Li C. Prenylation: A Critical Step for Biomanufacturing of Prenylated Aromatic Natural Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2211-2233. [PMID: 36716399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated aromatic natural products (PANPs) have received much attention due to their biomedical benefits for human health. The prenylation of aromatic natural products (ANPs), which is mainly catalyzed by aromatic prenyltransferases (aPTs), contributes significantly to their structural and functional diversity by providing higher lipophilicity and enhanced bioactivity. aPTs are widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants and play a key role in the regiospecific prenylation of ANPs. Recent studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the characteristics and application of aPTs. In this review, we comment on research progress regarding sources, evolutionary relationships, structural features, reaction mechanism, engineering modification, and application of aPTs. Particular emphasis is also placed on recent advances, challenges, and prospects about applications of aPTs in microbial cell factories for producing PANPs. Generally, this review could provide guidance for using aPTs as robust biocatalytic tools to produce various PANPs with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting An
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Lee TH, Ham SL, Lee DY, Lee JR, Kim J, Kim CS. Structure Revision of Balsamisides A-D and Establishment of an Empirical Rule for Distinguishing Four Classes of Biflavonoids. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2461-2467. [PMID: 36222268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Balsamisides A-D (1-4) are anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic biflavonoidal glycosides originally proposed to possess an epoxide functionality at the C-2/C-3 position. However, there are inconsistencies in their 13C NMR chemical shift values with those of previously reported analogs, indicating that reanalysis of NMR data for structures of 1-4 is necessary. Computational methods aided by the DP4+ probability technique and ECD calculations enabled structural reassignment of 1-4 to have a 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyfuran (3-DHF) instead of an epoxide. Additionally, two new biflavonoidal glycosides, balsamisides E and F (14 and 18), possessing a 2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxyfuran (2-DHF) and a 1,4-dioxane ring, respectively, were characterized by conventional NMR and MS data analysis as well as DP4+ and ECD methods. Systematic 13C NMR analysis was performed on the four aforementioned classes of biflavonoids with a 2- or 3-DHF, epoxide, or 1,4-dioxane. As a result, diagnostic 13C NMR chemical shift values of C-2/C-3 for rapid determination of these four biflavonoid classes were formulated, and based on this first empirical rule for (bi)flavonoids eight previously reported ones were structurally revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Lim Ham
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeong Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ryeong Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Sub Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
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Leveson‐Gower RB, Roelfes G. Biocatalytic Friedel-Crafts Reactions. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202200636. [PMID: 36606067 PMCID: PMC9804301 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions are important methodologies in synthetic and industrial chemistry for the construction of aryl-alkyl and aryl-acyl linkages that are ubiquitous in bioactive molecules. Nature also exploits these reactions in many biosynthetic processes. Much work has been done to expand the synthetic application of these enzymes to unnatural substrates through directed evolution. The promise of such biocatalysts is their potential to supersede inefficient and toxic chemical approaches to these reactions, with mild operating conditions - the hallmark of enzymes. Complementary work has created many bio-hybrid Friedel-Crafts catalysts consisting of chemical catalysts anchored into biomolecular scaffolds, which display many of the same desirable characteristics. In this Review, we summarise these efforts, focussing on both mechanistic aspects and synthetic considerations, concluding with an overview of the frontiers of this field and routes towards more efficient and benign Friedel-Crafts reactions for the future of humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen9747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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Bai Z, Zhou D, Meng Q, Fang M, Chen G, Hou Y, Li N. Characteristic biflavonoids from Daphne kiusiana var. atrocaulis (Rehd.) F. Maekawa. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1557-1564. [PMID: 35014919 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2025800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Structurally diverse biflavonoids have attracted significant research interest for drug discovery over past decades. Biflavonoid oriented phytochemistry research on the stems of Daphne kiusiana var. atrocaulis (Rehd.) F. Maekawa was carried out, which resulted in the identification of ten major effective components (1-10), including the undescribed biflavonoids, daphnodorin Q (1), daphnodorin R (2) and flavane, daphnekiuslin A (10). The known structures were identified from this herb for the first time. Their structures were determined by combination of multiple spectroscopic data as well as calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD). All the identified compounds were evaluated for the anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Compound 9 could inhibit the overactivation of BV-2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide with IC50 value at 26.32 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisong Bai
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingqi Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingxia Fang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Xu Y, Li D, Wang W, Xu K, Tan G, Li J, Li SM, Yu X. Dearomative gem-diprenylation of hydroxynaphthalenes by an engineered fungal prenyltransferase. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27550-27554. [PMID: 36276050 PMCID: PMC9514087 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04837j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylation usually improves structural diversity and bioactivity in natural products. Unlike the discovered enzymatic gem-diprenylation of mono- and tri-cyclic aromatic systems, the enzymatic approach for gem-diprenylation of bi-cyclic hydroxynaphthalenes is new to science. Here we report an enzymatic example for dearomative C4 gem-diprenylation of α-hydroxynaphthalenes, by the F253G mutant of a fungal prenyltransferase CdpC3PT. Experimental evidence suggests a sequential electrophilic substitution mechanism. We also explained the alteration of catalytic properties on CdpC3PT after mutation on F253 by modeling. This study provides a valuable addition to the synthetic toolkit for compound prenylation and it also contributes to the mechanistic study of prenylating enzymes. A new catalyst for regiospecific dearomative gem-diprenylation of α-hydroxynaphthalenes from the F253G mutant of the fungal prenyltransferase CdpC3PT.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
| | - Kangping Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
| | - Guishan Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xia Yu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
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Bao S, Luo L, Wan Y, Xu K, Tan G, Fan J, Li SM, Yu X. Regiospecific 7-O-prenylation of anthocyanins by a fungal prenyltransferase. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104787. [PMID: 33711657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a type of well-known natural flavonoids for their various beneficial health effects. However, prenylated anthocyanins are not discovered in nature although prenylation is believed to generally enhance the biological accessibility of flavonoids. In this article, we demonstrate the first example for prenylation of anthocyanins. A chemo-enzymatic approach was achieved for the synthesis of a series of 7-O-prenylated anthocyanins, using the fungal prenyltransferase CdpC3PT from Neosartorya fischeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Bao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Luo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangping Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Guishan Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China; Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Fan
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xia Yu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China.
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