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Li Y, Kang Y, Xiao J, Zhang Z. Mechanism, Chemoselectivity, and Stereoselectivity of an NHC-Catalyzed Reaction of Aldehydes and Hydrazones: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4483-4492. [PMID: 38785354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism and origins of chemo- and enantioselectivities of the reaction between aliphatic aldehydes and hydrazones catalyzed by triazolium-derived NHC, density functional theory computations have been performed. According to our calculated results, the whole catalytic cycle for the formation of dihydropyridazinones proceeds via the initial nucleophilic addition of NHC to an aliphatic aldehyde, followed by the concerted intramolecular proton transfer and C-Cl bond cleavage. Subsequent deprotonation generates an enolate intermediate. The enolate intermediate then undergoes 1,4-addition to hydrazone to construct a new carbon-carbon bond. The following ring-closure would lead to a six-membered ring intermediate, which, upon the release of NHC, affords the final product dihydropyridazinone. The computation results reveal that intramolecular proton transfer is significantly promoted by the Brønsted acid DIPEA·H+. The carbon-carbon bond formation step could determine not only the chemoselectivity but also the stereoselectivity and lead to the S-isomer product. It was found that the stereoselectivity arises from a combination of weak interactions, including C-H···O, C-H···N, C-H···π, and LP···π. NHC could enhance the nucleophilicity of the aliphatic aldehyde and facilitate further reaction with hydrazone. This work could be beneficial for the development of new catalytic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Qianshan Road 185, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Yanlong Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Qianshan Road 185, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Qianshan Road 185, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Qianshan Road 185, Anshan 114051, China
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Nasibullina ER, Mendogralo EY, Merkushev AA, Makarov AS, Uchuskin MG. Oxidative Transformation of 2-Furylanilines into Indolin-3-ones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6602-6606. [PMID: 38635314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Oxidation of 2-furylaninlies with m-CPBA followed by treatment with a base provides access to functionalized indolin-3-ones. The designed oxidative transformation utilizes an underassessed chemical behavior of furyl-containing amines to form a C-N bond via engaging a β-carbon atom of the furan core upon a ring-forming step, thereby providing an alternative disconnection toward nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina R Nasibullina
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Y Mendogralo
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Anton A Merkushev
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Anton S Makarov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim G Uchuskin
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
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Huang Y, Peng X, Li T. Recent Advances in NHC-Catalyzed Chemoselective Activation of Carbonyl Compounds. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400097. [PMID: 38451172 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalysts have been employed as effective tools in the development of various reactions, which have made notable contributions in developing diverse reaction modes and generating significant functionalized molecules. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in the chemo- and regioselective activation of different aldehydes using NHCs, categorized into five parts based on the different activation modes. A brief conclusion and outlook is provided to stimulate the development of novel activation modes for accessing functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Wang S, Wang L, Li F, Bai F. DeepSA: a deep-learning driven predictor of compound synthesis accessibility. J Cheminform 2023; 15:103. [PMID: 37919805 PMCID: PMC10621138 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-023-00771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, more and more computational models for generating new molecules are being developed. However, we are often confronted with the question of whether these compounds are easy or difficult to synthesize, which refers to synthetic accessibility of compounds. In this study, a deep learning based computational model called DeepSA, was proposed to predict the synthesis accessibility of compounds, which provides a useful tool to choose molecules. DeepSA is a chemical language model that was developed by training on a dataset of 3,593,053 molecules using various natural language processing (NLP) algorithms, offering advantages over state-of-the-art methods and having a much higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), i.e., 89.6%, in discriminating those molecules that are difficult to synthesize. This helps users select less expensive molecules for synthesis, reducing the time and cost required for drug discovery and development. Interestingly, a comparison of DeepSA with a Graph Attention-based method shows that using SMILES alone can also efficiently visualize and extract compound's informative features. DeepSA is available online on the below web server ( https://bailab.siais.shanghaitech.edu.cn/services/deepsa/ ) of our group, and the code is available at https://github.com/Shihang-Wang-58/DeepSA .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fenglei Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fang Bai
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Peng H, Zhang Y, Deng G. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Enynones and 4-Alkenyl Isoxazoles: Synthesis of 2-(Furan-2-yl)-1,2-dihydropyridines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37183921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Silver(I)-catalyzed tandem reaction of enynones with 4-alkenyl isoxazoles provides access to 2-(furan-2-yl)-1,2-dihydropyridines. No competitive cyclopropanation of alkenes and O-H insertion via (2-furyl)carbene complexes were observed. The cascade reaction proceeds via the formation of (2-furyl)metal carbene intermediate, the N-O bond cleavage of 4-alkenyl isoxazoles/rearrangement, subsequent 6π electrocyclic reaction, and [1,5] H-shift. The successive construction of both 1,2-dihydropyridine skeleton and furan frame has been achieved in the one-pot reaction. A broad range of readily available enynones and 4-alkenyl isoxazoles are suitable to this protocol; however, when R3 is the alkyl group such as n-Bu and Me, a complicated mixture was generated without the desired products. In addition, in the case of R4 = bulky group such as R3'SiOCH2, the reaction gave an in situ oxo-product of (2-furyl)silver carbene. An atom-economic strategy for the synthesis of 2-(furan-2-yl)-1,2-dihydropyridines has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yangyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Guisheng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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NHC-catalyzed [3 + 4] annulation between 2-dromoenal and aryl 1,2-diamine: Insights into mechanisms, chemo and stereoselectivities. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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NHC Catalyzed β-Carbon functionalization of carboxylic esters towards formation of δ-Lactams: A mechanistic study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ferjancic Z, Saicic RN. Combining Organocatalyzed Aldolization and Reductive Amination: An Efficient Reaction Sequence for the Synthesis of Iminosugars. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Ferjancic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
| | - Radomir N. Saicic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Kneza Mihaila 35 11 000 Belgrade Serbia
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Yoshida Y, Kukita M, Omori K, Mino T, Sakamoto M. Iminophosphorane-mediated regioselective umpolung alkylation reaction of α-iminoesters. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4551-4564. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00596k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first regioselective umpolung alkylation of α-iminoesters with alkyl halides mediated by iminophosphorane has developed (up to 82% yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yoshida
- Molecular Chirality Research Center
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
| | - Mayu Kukita
- Molecular Chirality Research Center
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
| | - Kazuki Omori
- Molecular Chirality Research Center
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Molecular Chirality Research Center
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Molecular Chirality Research Center
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Gong K, Zhang H, Lan Y, Wei D. Theoretical study of the NHC-catalyzed C–S bond cleavage and reconstruction reaction: mechanism, stereoselectivity, and role of catalysts. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the NHC-catalyzed C–S bond activation reaction has been theoretically studied and ELF analysis along with IRC results shows that the NHC promotes the cleavage of the C–S bond via an SN2 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Gong
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry (Center of Green Catalysis), Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry (Center of Green Catalysis), Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
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