1
|
Wang N, Huang Y, Zi Y, Wang M, Huang W. P(NMe 2) 3-Mediated Regioselective N-Alkylation of 2-Pyridones via Direct Deoxygenation of α-Keto Esters. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3657-3665. [PMID: 38366991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
A practical and regioselective direct N-alkylation of 2-pyridones is enabled by use of α-keto esters in the P(NMe2)3-mediated deoxygenation process. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions to produce N-alkylated 2-pyridones with high selectivity and generality, and the protocol is shown to be applicable for the scale-up synthesis, which makes it promising for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - You Zi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Weichun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu L, Huang H, Yang S, Bai J, Zhou Y, Xiao Q. Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Dearomatization Annulation Cascade Reaction of Furans for Stereoselective Access to 2,5-Dihydrofurans. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14435-14444. [PMID: 37768003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel palladium-catalyzed intermolecular dearomatization of furans with alkynes via a three-component formal [3 + 2] spiroannulation/allylic substitution cascade reaction has been successfully developed for the stereoselective assembly of spiro 2,5-dihydrofuran frameworks. High step economy and efficacy as well as excellent stereoselectivity were achieved for a broad substrate scope. Two new C-C bonds and one new C-O bond were generated sequentially in a one-pot manipulation. The yielded spiro 2,5-dihydrofuran skeleton bearing a tetrasubstituted carbon center constitutes the core structure for plenty of useful natural products or corresponding analogues. This work represents a significant advancement in the dearomatization strategy for furan heterocycles and provides a practical methodology for expedited access to complex spiro dihydrofuran scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiang Bai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Tang J, Chen J, Ge T, Zhao X, Xu J, Gong P, Hou Y. Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted ( Z)- N-Allyl Sulfonamides via a Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component Tandem Reaction. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4162-4171. [PMID: 36971317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the efficient synthesis of substituted (Z)-N-allyl sulfonamides via a palladium-catalyzed three-component tandem reaction of N-buta-2,3-dienyl sulfonamides with iodides and sulfonyl hydrazide or sulfinic acid sodium salt as nucleophiles. Pd(PPh3)4 (2.5 mol %), K2CO3, and THF were used as the optimal catalyst, base, and solvent, respectively. The substituted (Z)-N-allyl sulfonamides were obtained in a 30-83% overall yield. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the formation of the single (Z)-isomer was controlled by the formation of a six-membered palladacycle intermediate.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang FR, Cao F, Liu K, He YP, Luo G, Ye ZS. Bifunctional Lewis Base Catalyzed Asymmetric N-Allylic Alkylation of 2-Hydroxypyridines. Org Lett 2022; 24:8603-8608. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ruo Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Fanshu Cao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Kui Liu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ping He
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Shi Ye
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang BC, Wei Y, Xiong FY, Qu BL, Xiao WJ, Lu LQ. Construction of enantioenriched eight-membered lactones via Pd-catalyzed asymmetric (6+2) dipolar annulation. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Khan S, Shah BH, Zhao C, Zhang YJ. Pd-Catalyzed regio- and stereoselective allylic substitution of vinylethylene carbonates with 1,2,4-triazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6532-6536. [PMID: 35880932 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01156e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N 1-Substituted 1,2,4-triazoles are ubiquitous skeletons in medicinal agents, agrochemicals, and organic materials. Herein, an efficient and practical method for the synthesis of N1-allylated 1,2,4-triazoles via Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution of vinylethylene carbonates (VECs) with 1,2,4-triazoles has been developed. By using a catalyst generated in situ from Pd2(dba)3·CHCl3 and DPPE under mild conditions, the process allows rapid access to N1-allylated 1,2,4-triazoles bearing diverse functionalities in high yields with excellent N1-selectivities, linear-selectivities, and Z-stereoselectivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sardaraz Khan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Babar Hussain Shah
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Can Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li H, Khan I, Li Q, Zhang YJ. Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Three-Component Allenol Carbopalladation and Allylic Cycloaddition Cascade: A Route to Functionalized Tetrahydrofurans. Org Lett 2022; 24:2081-2086. [PMID: 35274964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first Pd-catalyzed asymmetric three-component reaction of 2,3-allenol, aryl iodides, and 2-arylmethylenemolononitriles has been developed via an allenol carbopalladation and an allylic cycloaddition cascade. This process allows rapid access to substituted tetrahydrofurans bearing diverse functional groups in good yields with high diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities. The concise total synthesis of a lignan, (-)-2-episesaminone, has been achieved by the elaboration of a functionalized tetrahydrofuran obtained from this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ijaz Khan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qun Li
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yong Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Xu Y, Khan S, Zhang Z, Khan A. Selective approach to N-substituted tertiary 2-pyridones. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available 2-hydroxypyridines are converted into enantiomerically enriched allylic 2-pyridones with elusive N-substituted tertiary carbon by means of Pd-catalyzed allylic amination of vinyl cyclic carbonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shahid Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhunjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cui H, Xu G, Zhu J, Sun J. Rhodium-Catalyzed Dearomative Rearrangement of 2-Oxypyridines with Cyclopropenes: Access to N-Alkylated 2-Pyridones. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01937f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium-catalyzed dearomative O-to-N rearrangement reaction of 2-oxypyridines has been developed by using cyclopropenes as the carbene precursors. This protocol features broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions, providing a...
Collapse
|
10
|
Hao L, Pan Q, Zhang C, Wang S, Wang W, Zhang J, Bai L, Wang Y. General, Straightforward, and Atom-Economical Synthesis of Vinyl Triflimides. Chemistry 2021; 27:12272-12275. [PMID: 34323319 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl triflimides were only accessible recently and their chemistry is yet to be discovered. Herein, we describe a general, straightforward and atom-economical synthesis of these materials from alkynes and triflimide. A vast array of terminal and internal alkynes with broad spectrum of functionalities could be employed to generate various di- and trisubstituted vinyl triflimides regiospecifically with high to specific stereoselectivity. Moreover, the protocol could be conducted on gram scale using terminal and internal alkynes. Preliminarily attempts to probe the unprecedented reactivity of vinyl triflimides revealed part of its chemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Qianwen Pan
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Congdi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Lu Bai
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Youliang Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang K, Liu Z, Xu G, Shao Y, Tang S, Chen P, Zhang X, Sun J. Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Insertion of Furyl Carbene into the N−H Bond of 2‐Pyridones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University 1 Gehu Road 213164 Changzhou China
| | - Ziye Liu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogeomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Guangyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University 1 Gehu Road 213164 Changzhou China
| | - Ying Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University 1 Gehu Road 213164 Changzhou China
| | - Shengbiao Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University 1 Gehu Road 213164 Changzhou China
| | - Ping Chen
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi) Shenzhen 518000 China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogeomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University 1 Gehu Road 213164 Changzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang K, Liu Z, Xu G, Shao Y, Tang S, Chen P, Zhang X, Sun J. Chemo- and Enantioselective Insertion of Furyl Carbene into the N-H Bond of 2-Pyridones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16942-16946. [PMID: 34038015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric carbene insertion reactions represent one of the most important protocols to construct carbon-heteroatom bonds. The use of donor-acceptor diazo compounds bearing an ester group is however a prerequisite for achieving high enantioselectivity. Herein, we report a chemo- and enantioselective formal N-H insertion of 2-pyridones that has been accomplished for the first time with enynones as the donor-donor carbene precursors. DFT calculations indicate an unprecedented enantioselective 1,4-proton transfer from O to C. The rhodium catalyst provides a chiral pocket in which the steric repulsion and the π-π interaction of the propeller ligand play a critical role in determining the selectivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, 213164, Changzhou, China
| | - Ziye Liu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogeomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guangyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, 213164, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, 213164, Changzhou, China
| | - Shengbiao Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, 213164, Changzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogeomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, 213164, Changzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xue S, Limburg B, Ghorai D, Benet-Buchholz J, Kleij AW. Asymmetric Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols Featuring Vicinal Tetrasubstituted Carbon Centers via Dual Pd/Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:4447-4451. [PMID: 34014097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dual palladium/photoredox-catalysis provides an effective method for the decarboxylative asymmetric synthesis of vicinal α,β-tri/tetra- or α,β-tetrasubstituted homoallylic alcohols using Hantzsch-type esters as radical precursors. This mild methodology capitalizes on vinyl cyclic carbonates as accessible reagents providing the target molecules in appreciable to good yields, high branch selectivity, and enantiomeric ratios of up to 94:6, making it a rare example of using prochiral electrophiles for the creation of vicinal congested carbon centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Xue
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bart Limburg
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Debasish Ghorai
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|