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Zhang Z, Gevorgyan V. Visible Light-Induced Reactions of Diazo Compounds and Their Precursors. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7214-7261. [PMID: 38754038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced reactions of diazo compounds have attracted increasing attention in organic synthesis, leading to improvement of existing reactions, as well as to the discovery of unprecedented transformations. Thus, photochemical or photocatalytic generation of both carbenes and radicals provide milder tools toward these key intermediates for many valuable transformations. However, the vast majority of the transformations represent new reactivity modes of diazo compounds, which are achieved by the photochemical decomposition of diazo compounds and photoredox catalysis. In particular, the use of a redox-active photocatalysts opens the avenue to a plethora of radical reactions. The application of these methods to diazo compounds led to discovery of transformations inaccessible by the classical reactivity associated with carbenes and metal carbenes. In most cases, diazo compounds act as radical sources but can also serve as radical acceptors. Importantly, the described processes operate under mild, practical conditions. This Review describes this subfield of diazo compound chemistry, particularly focusing on recent advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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2
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Li S, Zhou L. Photocatalytic (3 + 3) Annnulation of Vinyldiazo Compounds and Aminocyclopropanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:3294-3298. [PMID: 38567829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A (3 + 3) annulation of aminocyclopropanes and vinyldiazo compounds enabled by organo-photocatalysis is described. The reaction allows the regioselective synthesis of cyclohexenes bearing adjacent amino and carbonyl groups with broad functional group tolerance. In a departure from previous reports, our work demonstrated that a distonic radical cation can be preferentially intercepted by weakly nucleophilic vinyldiazo compounds, followed by an exclusive 6-endo radical cyclization for ring closure. Based on the interaction between adjacent amino and ester groups, the products can be further converted to cyclohexene-fused 1,3-oxazinane and azetidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Li S, Zhou L. gem-Difluoro-Masked o-Quinone Methides Generated by Photocatalytic Radical (3+3) Annulation and Their (4+1) Cycloaddition with Sulfur Ylides. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37996080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-promoted radical (3+3) annulation of vinyldiazo compounds and bromodifluoromethyl alkynyl ketones for the construction of gem-difluoro-masked o-quinone methides (o-QMs) is described. The reactivity of this new type of o-QM precursor is demonstrated by its (4+1) cycloaddition with sulfur ylides, affording monofluorinated aromatic benzofurans by the elimination of HBr without external oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Li W, Li S, Empel C, Koenigs RM, Zhou L. Photoredox-Enabled Self-(3+2) Cyclization of Vinyldiazo Reagents: Synthesis of Cyclopentenyl α-Diazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309947. [PMID: 37649245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalytic self-(3+2) cycloaddition of vinyldiazo compounds is described, which provides cyclopentene derivatives with conservation of one diazo functional group. Experimental insights and density functional theory indicate that the reaction is triggered by an unusual single electron oxidation of vinyldiazo compounds, while the photolysis for the generation of free carbene species is not involved. The synthetic applications of the resulting cyclopentenyl α-diazo compounds were demonstrated based on the rich chemistry of the diazo functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Jiang Q, Yang T, Li Q, Liang GM, Liu Y, He CY, Chu WD, Liu QZ. Synthesis of Cyclopenta[ b]indoles via Sc(III)-Catalyzed Annulation of Vinyl Diazoacetates with Indole-Derived Unsaturated Imines. Org Lett 2023; 25:3184-3189. [PMID: 37125696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A Lewis acid Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed annulation reaction of vinyl diazoacetates with in situ formed α,β-unsaturated imines for the preparation of indole-fused tricyclic rings has been reported. This strategy involves a sequential addition/rebound addition process of vinyl diazoacetates and an in situ dedinitrogenation. This annulation protocol features low-cost catalysts, mild reaction conditions, and facilely prepared substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jiang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Qi Li
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Guang-Ming Liang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Cheng-Yu He
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Wen-Dao Chu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Quan-Zhong Liu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
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Yang T, Jiang Q, Wang CM, Li SL, He CY, Chu WD, Liu QZ. Cyclization of Vinyl Diazo Compounds with Benzofuran-Derived Azadienes Enabled by NaBAr F4. Org Lett 2023; 25:2243-2247. [PMID: 36971358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented cycloaddition of vinyl diazo compounds with benzofuran-derived azadienes catalyzed by rarely independently used NaBArF4 has been established. Benzofuran-fused hydropyridines were constructed with excellent yields and high diastereoselectivity via a Na+-catalyzed inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder reaction. Notably, this transformation also features good compatibility with a one-pot protocol to deliver the spiro[benzofuran-cyclopentene] skeleton, as well as perfect atom economy and simple reaction conditions.
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Li J, Liu C, Zhao Z, Wang X, Chen D, Yue K, Chen S, Jin M, Shan Y. Halogen cation-promoted and solvent-regulated electrophilic cyclization for the regioselective synthesis of 3-haloquinolines and 3-halospirocyclohexadienones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2440-2446. [PMID: 36876461 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the production of halogen cations through the reaction of halogens with silver ions is described in this paper. On this basis, the regioselective synthesis of 3-haloquinolines and 3-halospirocyclohexadienones is realized through solvent regulation. The gram-scale reaction and the compatibility of complex substrates demonstrate the synthetic potential of this protocol, which will be an appealing strategy in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Li
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Chengxiao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Zihan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Dianpeng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Kaiyuan Yue
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Sihan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Ming Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yingying Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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Li S, Zhou L. Visible Light-Promoted Radical Reactions of Diazo Compounds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Huang X, Chen X, Xie H, Tan Z, Jiang H, Zeng W. Visible-Light-Catalyzed in Situ Denitrogenative Sulfonylation of Sulfonylhydrazones. Org Lett 2021; 23:6784-6788. [PMID: 34406020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalyzed in situ denitrogenative sulfonylation of N-arylsulfonyl hydrazones has been developed. This transformation provides a low-carbon strategy to assemble arylalkyl sulfones in a stepwise denitrogenation/sulfonylation manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Haisheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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