1
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Qiu Y, Wu Z, Ou X, Zhao Q, Lei H, Wang C. Construction of Functionalized Oxindoles by Quinone-Carbonate Synergistically Triggered Intermolecular Radical Coupling. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39189527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
We disclose a rapid and nontoxic procedure to construct various oxindoles. This method harnesses the power of a catalytic amount of quinone in synergy with Cs2CO3, showcasing remarkable compatibility with a wide range of functional groups. Mechanistic investigations reveal that it operates via a radical pathway, likely initiated by the single-electron transfer from quinone-Cs2CO3 complexes. This pivotal electron transfer event leads to the generation of a crucial alkyl radical intermediate, contributing to the overall success and efficacy of the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Zecheng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Xingyun Ou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Qiuting Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Hao Lei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
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2
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Nishikata T. α-Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202400108. [PMID: 38989712 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
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3
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Jin ML, Dong YX, Gao ZH, Ye S. Phosphonylacylation of Alkenes Enabled by Visible-Light-Induced N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:1711-1717. [PMID: 38377588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the phosphonylacylation of alkenes via visible-light-induced N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis to afford a series of γ-ketophosphonates in moderate to good yields. This protocol features mild conditions, free of photocatalyst, and good compatibility of functional groups. The excited Breslow enolate intermediate was proposed to undergo single-electron transfer with oxime phosphonate to generate the corresponding ketyl radical and phosphonyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Xiong Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Abdellaoui M, Oppel K, Vianna A, Soleilhavoup M, Yan X, Melaimi M, Bertrand G. 1 H-1,2,3-Triazol-5-ylidenes as Catalytic Organic Single-Electron Reductants. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2933-2938. [PMID: 38253007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Most of the known single-electron reductants are either metal based reagents, used in a stoichiometric amount, or a combination of an organic species and a photocatalyst. Here we report that 1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes act not only as stoichiometric one-electron donors but also as catalytic organic reducing agents, without the need of a photocatalyst. As a proof of concept, we studied the reduction of quinones, which are well-known electron conveyors that are involved in various biological and industrial processes. This work also provides experimental evidence for the formation of a bis(triazolium)carbonate adduct, which acts as the resting state of the catalytic cycle and as the carbene reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Abdellaoui
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Kai Oppel
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Adam Vianna
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing,100872, China
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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5
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Zhou N, Wang L, Zhao F, Gao X, Zhao X, Zhang M. NHC-Catalyzed Tandem Reaction: A Strategy for the Synthesis of 2-Pyrrolidinone-Functionalized Phenanthridines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16556-16565. [PMID: 37971950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed tandem cyclization/addition/cyclization reaction of 2-isocyanobiaryls and α-bromo-N-cinnamylamides for the synthesis of 2-pyrrolidinone-functionalized phenanthridines is developed. This protocol features a radical cascade process, broad substrate scope, and good functional group compatibility under metal- and oxidant-free reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengneng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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6
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Zhou N, Zhao F, Wang L, Gao X, Zhao X, Zhang M. NHC-Catalyzed Regioselective Intramolecular Radical Cyclization Reaction for the Synthesis of Benzazepine Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:6072-6076. [PMID: 37550857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient strategy for the synthesis of a series of structurally interesting benzazepine derivatives via an N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed regioselective intramolecular radical cyclization has been developed. This protocol features good regioselectivity, good functional-group compatibility, and wide substrate scope, providing a transition-metal- and oxidant-free pathway to access the seven-membered rings under mild reaction conditions. Additionally, further transformation of benzazepines and a large-scale experiment were also conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengneng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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7
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Salin AV, Shabanov AA, Khayarov KR, Nugmanov RI, Islamov DR. Stereoelectronic Effect in the Reaction of α-Methylene Lactones with Tertiary Phosphines and Its Application in Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11954-11967. [PMID: 37540578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic data indicate that the addition of tertiary phosphines to α-methylene lactones in acetic acid is strongly accelerated in comparison to the reactions of related open-chain esters. Six-membered α-methylene-δ-valerolactone exhibited a more pronounced rate increase than five-membered α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone. The use of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactam as a nitrogen analogue of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone resulted in a total loss of the reaction acceleration. The observed reactivities were rationalized by DFT calculations at the RwB97XD/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory, showing that the intramolecular interaction between phosphonium and enolate oxygen centers provided by the locked s-cis-geometry of the heterocycles plays an important role in the stabilization of intermediate zwitterions. The reactivity is also controlled by the conformational flexibility of the heterocycle. The geometries of five-membered and, especially, six-membered lactone cycles are slightly changed upon the nucleophilic attack of phosphine, leading to the stabilizing stereoelectronic effect by the Ρ···Ο interaction. The addition of phosphine to α-methylene-γ-butyrolactam significantly distorts the initial geometry of the heterocycle, making the nucleophilic attack unfavorable. The application of the stereoelectronic effect to enhance the efficiency of the phosphine-catalyzed Michael and Pudovik reactions of α-methylene lactones was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Salin
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry,Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Shabanov
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry,Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Khasan R Khayarov
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry,Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Ramil I Nugmanov
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Daut R Islamov
- Laboratory for Structural Analysis of Biomacromolecules, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science, Kremlevskaya Street 31, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
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8
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Delfau L, Assani N, Nichilo S, Pecaut J, Philouze C, Broggi J, Martin D, Tomás-Mendivil E. On the Redox Properties of the Dimers of Thiazol-2-ylidenes That Are Relevant for Radical Catalysis. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:136-142. [PMID: 37303499 PMCID: PMC10251502 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the isolation and study of dimers stemming from popular thiazol-2-ylidene organocatalysts. The model featuring 2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl (Dipp) N-substituents was found to be a stronger reducing agent (Eox = -0.8 V vs SCE) than bis(thiazol-2-ylidenes) previously studied in the literature. In addition, a remarkable potential gap between the first and second oxidation of the dimer also allows for the isolation of the corresponding air-persistent radical cation. The latter is an unexpected efficient promoter of the radical transformation of α-bromoamides into oxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadhrata Assani
- Aix
Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire - UMR 7273,
Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Jacques Pecaut
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES, UMR 5819 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Julie Broggi
- Aix
Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire - UMR 7273,
Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - David Martin
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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9
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Zhang Q, Yue P, Lei H, Zhou CY, Wang C. Metal- and light-free approach to polyheterocycles via a quinone-Cs2CO3 couple promoted regioselective cascade radical cyclization. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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10
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Song H, Lee E. Revisiting the Reaction of IPr with Tritylium: An Alternative Mechanistic Pathway. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203364. [PMID: 36445754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite a recent proposal on the mechanism of a single-electron transfer (SET) process between tritylium and 2,6-bis(diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) based on evidence of transient IPr radical cation intermediate ([IPr]⋅+ ) formation, such oxidation is still contentious because of the high oxidation potential of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Our experimental analysis indicates that the appearance of deep purple color, previously considered to be from transient [IPr]⋅+ , originates from a zwitterionic intermediate (3 a), not a radical cation. Here, we propose an alternative mechanism for the reaction involving tritylium and IPr. This mechanism is noteworthy for explaining how [NHC-H]+ can be generated without the formation of transient [NHC]⋅+ , which has been frequently proposed as an intermediate for the reaction between NHC and oxidants. These results also show that a transient strong single-electron donor (3 a) could be generated by the alternative mechanism for oxidants using NHCs, which is a more feasible explanation for the reactivity of NHCs with oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Song
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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11
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Liu D, Zhao Y, Patureau FW. NaI/PPh 3-catalyzed visible-light-mediated decarboxylative radical cascade cyclization of N-arylacrylamides for the efficient synthesis of quaternary oxindoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:57-65. [PMID: 36741816 PMCID: PMC9874234 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A practical NaI/PPh3-catalyzed decarboxylative radical cascade cyclization of N-arylacrylamides with redox-active esters is described, which is mediated by visible light irradiation. A wide range of substrates bearing different substituents and derived from ubiquitous carboxylic acids, including α-amino acids, were synthesized and examined under this very mild, efficient, and cost effective transition-metal-free synthetic method. These afforded various functionalized oxindoles featuring a C3 quaternary stereogenic center. Mechanistic experiments suggest a radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frederic W Patureau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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12
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Li Q, Zhou CY, Wang C. Metal-Free Generation of γ-Cyanoalkyl Radicals by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis: Assembly of 6-Cyanoalkyl Phenanthridines. Org Lett 2022; 24:9243-9247. [PMID: 36516358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of γ-cyanoalkyl radicals were generated by sustainable N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis in tin-, transition-meal-, and light-free conditions, followed by insertion into biaryl isonitriles, thus leading to the rapid assembly of a variety of diversely functionalized 6-cyanoalkyl phenanthridines. A preliminary mechanism study revealed that a single-electron transfer radical process was possibly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrong Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, People's Republic of China
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13
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Li Q, Zhou CY, Wang C. Divergent Construction of Heterocycles by SOMOphilic Isocyanide Insertion under N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:7654-7658. [PMID: 36218283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of phenanthridines are rapidly constructed by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed SOMOphilic isocyanide insertion-initiated homolytic aromatic substitution-type radical cyclization in the absence of any light, transition metals, and external oxidants. The aldehyde-free, scalable, and operationally simple protocol tolerates diverse functionalized biaryl isonitriles and activated α-halides. Moreover, it can be further applied to the divergent construction of other N-heterocycles. Preliminary mechanistic studies disclose that an NHC-derived radical cation intermediate is possibly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
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14
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Zhang W, Vadlakonda S, Wu M, Chintareddy V, Vogeti LN, Juarez L, Muppa S, Parker C, Kellogg-Yelder D, Williams J, Polach K, Chen X, Raman K, Babu Y, Kotian P. Discovery and Optimization of Orally Bioavailable and Potent Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitors Bearing a Quaternary Carbon. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:117035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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15
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Liu L, Zhang Q, Wang C. Redox-Neutral Generation of Iminyl Radicals by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis: Rapid Access to Phenanthridines from Vinyl Azides. Org Lett 2022; 24:5913-5917. [PMID: 35925779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed oxidant-, metal- and light-free iminyl radical generation pathway stemming from the reaction of vinyl azide and α-bromo ester is uncovered. This newly developed methodology is successfully applied to the redox-neutral construction of a number of diversified phenanthridine derivatives with nice functional group compatibility. Insights from the mechanism study reveal that this NHC-catalyzed transformation potentially proceeds through an alkyl radical addition-initiated HAS process, with the iminyl radical as an active intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, China
| | - Qijing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, China
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16
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Zhang Q, Lei H, Zhou CY, Wang C. Construction of N-Polyheterocycles by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis via a Regioselective Intramolecular Radical Addition/Cyclization Cascade. Org Lett 2022; 24:4615-4619. [PMID: 35731003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
N-Polyheterocycles are rapidly accessed by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis through regioselective sequential radical addition/cyclization in the absence of any metals or oxidants. The transformation occurs under mild conditions and enjoys a wide substrate scope with excellent functional group compatibility. Furthermore, a gram-scale synthesis is also conducted. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal the potential involvement of an NHC radical cation intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hao Lei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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17
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Liu L, Zhou CY, Wang C. Construction of highly congested quaternary carbon centers by NHC catalysis through dearomatization. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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18
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Abstract
Inspired by the role of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) in natural enzymatic processes, chemists have harnessed the umpolung (polarity reversal) reactivity of these reactive, Lewis basic species over the past few decades to construct key chemical bonds. While NHCs continue to play a role in two-electron transformations, their unique redox properties enable a variety of useful, stabilized radical species to be accessed via single-electron oxidation or reduction. As a result, their utility in synthesis has grown rapidly concurrent with the revival of radical chemistry, highlighted by their extensive use as reactive single-electron species in recent years.
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19
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Man Y, Liu S, Xu B, Zeng X. N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Catalyzed C-H Acylation via Radical Relay. Org Lett 2022; 24:944-948. [PMID: 35049310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A method of N-fluorocarboxamide-directed N-heterocyclic-carbene (NHC)-catalyzed benzylic C-H acylation with aldehydes via the hydrogen atom transfer strategy is disclosed. This transformation involves a sequence of single-electron transfer, 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer, and radical cross-coupling steps. This method offers facile access to various highly functionalized ketones and exhibits good chemical yields and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunquan Man
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shiwen Liu
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Institute of Flexible Functional Materials, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- The College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
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20
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Sheng H, Liu Q, Chen F, Wang Z, Chen X. Visible-light-induced N-heterocyclic carbene mediated cascade transformation of N-alkenoxypyridinium salts. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Sun Z, Huang H, Wang Q, Huang C, Mao G, Deng GJ. Visible light-mediated radical-cascade addition/cyclization of arylacrylamides with aldehydes to form quaternary oxindoles at room temperature. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The visible light-induced oxidative radical cascade coupling of N-arylacrylamides with aldehydes using bromide as the hydrogen atom transfer agent to synthesize functional oxindoles is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Qiaolin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guojiang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
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22
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Su L, Xue P, Zhu X, Sun H, Liu J, Wang C. Transition-Metal- and Light-Free Generation of an Iminyl Radical: Facile Approach to Oxindoles and Isoquinolinediones with a Quaternary Carbon Center via Cyanoalkylarylation. J Org Chem 2021; 87:874-883. [PMID: 34902974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient and non-toxic method for the environmental-friendly generation of an iminyl radical from cyclobutanone oxime ester via direct thermolysis in the absence of light, transition metals, "tin", and other activators. This redox-neutral cyanoalkylarylation protocol enjoys a wide substrate scope and a good functional group tolerance, providing facile access to oxindoles and isoquinolinediones with a quaternary carbon center that are difficult to prepare by traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjun Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pan Xue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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23
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Zhang MZ, Li WT, Li YY, Wang Q, Li C, Liu YH, Yin JX, Yang X, Huang H, Chen T. Discovery of an Oxidative System for Radical Generation from Csp 3-H Bonds: A Synthesis of Functionalized Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15544-15557. [PMID: 34570502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile and versatile method for generating radicals from Csp3-H bonds under metal-free and organic-peroxide-free conditions was developed. By combining safe persulfate and low-toxic quaternary ammonium salt, a wide variety of Csp3-H compounds including ethers, (hetero)aromatic/aliphatic ketones, alkylbenzenes, alkylheterocycles, cycloalkanes, and haloalkanes were selectively activated to generate the corresponding C-centered radicals, which could be further captured by N-arylacrylamides to deliver the valuable functionalized oxindoles. Good functional group tolerance was demonstrated. The useful polycarbonyl compound and esters were also modified with the strategy. Moreover, the combination can also be applied to the practical coupling between simple haloalkanes and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Wan-Ting Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Chong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Yan-Hao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Jin-Xing Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Huisheng Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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24
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Liu L, Xue P, Chen Q, Wang C. Copper-Catalyzed Heck-Type Couplings of Sulfonyl Chlorides with Olefins: Efficient and Rapid Access to Vinyl Sulfones. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Harada S, Masuda R, Morikawa T, Nishida A. Trichloromethylative Olefin Cycloamination by Photoredox Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba 2608675 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku, Chiba 2638522 Japan
| | - Ryuya Masuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba 2608675 Japan
| | - Takahiro Morikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba 2608675 Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba 2608675 Japan
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