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Borrel J, Waser J. SOMOphilic alkyne vs radical-polar crossover approaches: The full story of the azido-alkynylation of alkenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:701-713. [PMID: 38590536 PMCID: PMC10999984 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the detailed background for the discovery and development of the synthesis of homopropargylic azides by the azido-alkynylation of alkenes. Initially, a strategy involving SOMOphilic alkynes was adopted, but only resulted in a 29% yield of the desired product. By switching to a radical-polar crossover approach and after optimization, a high yield (72%) of the homopropargylic azide was reached. Full insights are given about the factors that were essential for the success of the optimization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Borrel
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Biswas S, Chandu P, Garai S, Sureshkumar D. Diastereoselective Hydroacylation of Cyclopropenes by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:7863-7867. [PMID: 37882545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and general strategy for the hydroacylation of cyclopropene is disclosed for synthesizing various 2-acylcyclopropane derivatives under mild reaction conditions. High functional group tolerance of this protocol features a novel route to access a divergent synthesis of acylated cyclopropane in a diastereoselective manner by photoinduced decarboxylation of α-ketoacid followed by acyl radical addition to cyclopropene. Additionally, the regioselective addition of acyl radical at the least substituted olefinic carbon center with trans-selective fashion makes this protocol more appealing toward natural product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Sumit Garai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
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3
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Borrel J, Waser J. Azido-alkynylation of alkenes through radical-polar crossover. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9452-9460. [PMID: 37712015 PMCID: PMC10498506 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03309k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an azido-alkynylation of alkenes allowing a straightforward access to homopropargylic azides by combining hypervalent iodine reagents and alkynyl-trifluoroborate salts. The design of a photocatalytic redox-neutral radical polar crossover process was key to develop this transformation. A variety of homopropargylic azides possessing electron-rich and -poor aryls, heterocycles or ether substituents could be accessed in 34-84% yield. The products are synthetically useful building blocks that could be easily transformed into pyrroles or bioactive amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Borrel
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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4
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Liu GX, Jie XT, Li XL, Yang LS, Qiu H, Hu WH. Carbon-Centered Radical with Leaving Group-Mediated Ring Opening of Cyclopropenes via the Rearrangement of Cyclopropyl to the Allyl Radical: A General Access to Multisubstituted 1,3-Dienes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Jie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing-lin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Sheng Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
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Peng X, Rahim A, Peng W, Jiang F, Gu Z, Wen S. Recent Progress in Cyclic Aryliodonium Chemistry: Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1364-1416. [PMID: 36649301 PMCID: PMC9951228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent aryliodoumiums are intensively investigated as arylating agents. They are excellent surrogates to aryl halides, and moreover they exhibit better reactivity, which allows the corresponding arylation reactions to be performed under mild conditions. In the past decades, acyclic aryliodoniums are widely explored as arylation agents. However, the unmet need for acyclic aryliodoniums is the improvement of their notoriously low reaction economy because the coproduced aryl iodides during the arylation are often wasted. Cyclic aryliodoniums have their intrinsic advantage in terms of reaction economy, and they have started to receive considerable attention due to their valuable synthetic applications to initiate cascade reactions, which can enable the construction of complex structures, including polycycles with potential pharmaceutical and functional properties. Here, we are summarizing the recent advances made in the research field of cyclic aryliodoniums, including the nascent design of aryliodonium species and their synthetic applications. First, the general preparation of typical diphenyl iodoniums is described, followed by the construction of heterocyclic iodoniums and monoaryl iodoniums. Then, the initiated arylations coupled with subsequent domino reactions are summarized to construct polycycles. Meanwhile, the advances in cyclic aryliodoniums for building biaryls including axial atropisomers are discussed in a systematic manner. Finally, a very recent advance of cyclic aryliodoniums employed as halogen-bonding organocatalysts is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Peng
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation
Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou510060, P. R. China
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Peng
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Wen
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation
Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou510060, P. R. China
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Mironova IA, Kirsch SF, Zhdankin V, Yoshimura A, Yusubov MS. Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Azidation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Mironova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University: Nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij Tomskij politehniceskij universitet Chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal: Bergische Universitat Wuppertal Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften GERMANY
| | - Viktor Zhdankin
- University of Minnesota Duluth Chemistry 1039 University Dr 55812 Duluth UNITED STATES
| | - Akira Yoshimura
- Aomori University: Aomori Daigaku Department of Pharmacy JAPAN
| | - Mekhman S. Yusubov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University: Nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij Tomskij politehniceskij universitet Chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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Patel BK, Dahiya A, Sahoo AK, Chakraborty N, Das B. Updates on hypervalent-iodine reagents in metal-free organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2005-2027. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02233d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine (HVI) chemistry is a rapidly growing subdomain of contemporary organic chemistry because of its enormous synthetic applications. The high nucleofugality of the phenyliodonio group (I+Ph) and their radical...
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