Copper-Catalyzed Multicomponent Trifluoromethylphosphorothiolation of Alkenes: Access to CF3-Containing Alkyl Phosphorothioates

Photoredox/Copper Dual-Catalyzed Phosphorothiolation of Propargylic Derivatives for the Switchable Synthesis of S-Alkyl, S-Vinyl and S-Allenyl Phosphorothioates

Herein, we report a photoredox/copper dual-catalyzed selective phosphorothiolation of propargylic derivatives from easily accessible [P(O)SH] compounds. This reaction provides a general, mild and versatile procedure to synthesize a variety of synthetically useful S-alkyl, S-vinyl and S-allenyl phosphorothioates selectively from the same set of simple starting materials.

Hydro-phosphorothiolation of Styrene and Cyclopropane with S-Hydrogen Phosphorothioates under Ambient Conditions

A metal-free hexafluoroisopropanol-mediated hydro-phosphorothiolation of styrenes and donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with S-hydrogen phosphorothioates in a Markovnikov fashion has been developed under ambient reaction conditions to afford a library of S-alkyl phosphorothioates. Notably, this strategy provides a simple and efficient way to produce biologically significant kitazin and iprobenfos derivatives. Mechanistic studies disclose that the reaction proceeds through a carbocation intermediate.

Construction of Phosphorothiolated 2-Pyrrolidinones via Photoredox/Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Radical Cyclization/Phosphorothiolation

A photoredox/copper-catalyzed cascade radical cyclization/phosphorothiolation reaction of N-allylbromoacetamides and P(O)SH compounds has been established. A broad range of novel nonfluorine- or difluoro-substituted 2-pyrrolidinones bearing the C(sp3)-SP(O)(OR)2 moiety can be conveniently constructed in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Importantly, most of the tested phosphorothiolated 2-pyrrolidinones showed potent inhibitory effects toward both AChE and BChE.

Synthesis of unsymmetric phosphorotrithioates by sequential coupling of 1,1-dichloro-N,N-diethylphosphanamine with thiols and sulfenyl chloride

Herein, we present the first, one-step, direct synthesis of unsymmetric phosphorotrithioates through a process involving sequential coupling of 1,1-dichloro-N,N-diethylphosphanamine with thiols and sulfenyl chloride. This method showcases excellent functional group tolerance, substrate compatibility, and mild reaction conditions, offering a streamlined approach for the challenging phosphorotrithioate synthesis. Additionally, the applicability of this method can be extended to the synthesis of mixed phosphoroselenodithioates.

Synthesis of mixed phosphorotrithioates via thiol coupling with bis(diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine and sulphenyl chloride

In this study, we report a novel and efficient one-pot synthesis of mixed phosphorotrithioates under mild conditions at ambient temperature, obviating the requirement for supplementary additives. The method's versatility stems from its utilization of diverse thiols as nucleophilic reactants, 1-chloro-N,N,N',N'-tetraisopropylphosphanediamine [bis(diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine] as the phosphorus precursor, and various sulphenyl chlorides as sources of electrophilic sulfur. Notably, our investigation extends beyond mixed phosphorotrithioates to encompass the synthesis of phosphoroselenodithioates, underscoring the broad applicability of this synthetic protocol.

Copper-Catalyzed Fluoroalkylphosphorothiolation of Alkynes for the Synthesis of (E)-β-Fluoroalkyl Vinyl Phosphorothioates

A convenient copper-catalyzed three-component radical-based fluoroalkylphosphorothiolation of terminal alkynes with (iPrO)2P(O)SH and fluoroalkylation reagent for the synthesis of a variety of (E)-β-fluoroalkyl vinyl phosphorothioates with excellent regioselectivity and stereoselectivity has been developed. All the starting materials used in this reaction are highly stable and readily available. Thus, this process features with mild reaction conditions, simple operation and good functional group tolerance (>40 examples). Furthermore, this modular reaction system allows the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules.

Ferrocene catalyzed carbohydroxylation of alkenes using H2O and cycloketone oxime esters

A cyanoalkyl-hydroxylation reaction of aryl alkenes has been successfully devised, employing ferrocene as a catalyst for the addition of a cycloketone oxime ester and H2O across the double bond of the alkene. This environmentally friendly approach employs a solvent mixture consisting of water and demonstrates redox neutrality, along with exceptional regio- and chemoselectivity, leading to the formation of diverse distal hydroxy-nitrile compounds. Moreover, this research presents noteworthy contributions in terms of late-stage functionalization of complex molecules and offers valuable insights into the mechanistic aspects of the reaction.

Cascade Cyclization of 1,5-Diynols and (RO)2P(O)SH to Construct Benzo[b]fluorenyl S-Alkyl Phosphorothioates under Catalyst-Free Conditions

An efficient and practical cascade cyclization of 1,5-diynols with (RO)2P(O)SH as the acid promoter and nucleophile under mild conditions was developed. A variety of highly substituted benzo[b]fluorenyl-containing S-alkyl phosphorothioates were successfully constructed in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, this protocol exhibited good functional group tolerance, a broad substrate scope, and potential practical applications, with water as the only byproduct. The reaction proceeded with allenyl thiophosphate as a key intermediate, followed by a Schmittel-type cyclization process to produce the target product.

Catalyst-free thiophosphorylation of in situ formed ortho-quinone methides

A metal-, chloride reagent and base-free thiophosphorylation reaction of in situ formed ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) to synthesize functionalized thiophosphates has been developed. The reaction is an atom-economical process, producing water as the sole byproduct. (EtO)₂P(O)SH functions as both a Brønsted acid and nucleophilic thiolate to produce the o-QM intermediate and the thiophosphate product, respectively. The aza o-QMs were also successfully thiophosphorylated in the presence of catalytic TsOH to form sulfonamido thiophosphates.

Copper-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions of Intramolecular and Intermolecular Thiotrifluoromethylation of Alkenes: Access to CF3-Containing 2-Iminothiazolidines and Isothioureas

A copper-catalyzed multicomponent reaction of secondary amines bearing allyl substitution, isothiocyanates, and Togni reagent II has been developed under Cs₂CO₃ in DCE at 75 °C. An intermolecular multicomponent reaction of thioureas, activated and unactivated alkenes, and Togni reagent II has also been developed under DMAP in acetonitrile at room temperature. These two alkene difunctionalization reactions provide CF₃-containing 2-iminothiazolindines and isothioureas in moderate to excellent yields with broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, respectively.

Coupling of 1-Chloro-N,N-diisopropylphosphanamine-Based Reagents with Alcohols and Thiosulfonates: A Precise Construction of O-P(O)-S Bonds

Herein, we present the first mild, one-step direct synthesis of mixed phosphorothioates through selective generation of O-P(O)-S bonds at rt under additive-free condition. Further, reactions of different model natural products with 1,1-dichloro-N,N-diisopropylphosphanamine helped to present an alternative dimerization strategy. The synthetic utility of the methodology was extended for the synthesis of mixed phosphoroselenoates as well. The potential of the reaction was further demonstrated for the synthesis of mixed phosphorothioate bearing two different alcohols.

Copper and Photocatalytic Radical Relay Enabling Fluoroalkylphosphorothiolation of Alkenes: Modular Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing S-Alkyl Phosphorothioates and Phosphorodithioates

A photoredox and copper-catalyzed fluoroalkylphosphorothiolation of activated and unactivated alkenes via a radical relay mechanism is reported. By employing fluoroalkyl halides as radical precursors and P(O)SH or P(S)SH compounds as coupling partners, a wide range of β-monofluoroalkyl-, -difluoroalkyl-, -trifluoromethyl-, or -perfluoroalkyl-substituted S-alkyl phosphorothioates and phosphorodithioates can be easily constructed under mild conditions with good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, this modular reaction system can be successfully applied to late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules.