1
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Shambalova VE, Larkovich RV, Aldoshin AS, Lyssenko KA, Nechaev MS, Nenajdenko VG. Sequential Modification of Pyrrole Ring with up to Three Different Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11183-11194. [PMID: 39087640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
An umpolung strategy was used for the preparation of highly functionalized 3-pyrrolin-2-ones. This approach involves dearomative double chlorination of 1H-pyrroles to form highly reactive dichloro-substituted 2H-pyrroles. The resulting intermediate reacts selectively with wet alcohols to form the corresponding alkoxy-substituted 3-pyrrolin-2-ones via double nucleophilic substitution in up to 99% yield. The subsequent reaction with different N-, O-, and S-nucleophiles opens access to highly functionalized pyrrolinones bearing additional functionality. The overall outcome of the reported sequence is step-by-step nucleophilic modification of pyrroles with three different nucleophiles. All steps were found to be highly efficient and 100% regioselective. This transformation proceeds under mild conditions and does not require any catalyst to give final products in very high yields. The obtained experimental results are in perfect agreement with the data obtained by theoretical investigation of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Shambalova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V Larkovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Aldoshin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail S Nechaev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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2
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King RP, Yang JY. Modular preparation of cationic bipyridines and azaarenes via C-H activation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13530-13536. [PMID: 38033896 PMCID: PMC10686024 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04864k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipyridines are ubiquitous in organic and inorganic chemistry because of their redox and photochemical properties and their utility as ligands to transition metals. Cationic substituents on bipyridines and azaarenes are valuable as powerful electron-withdrawing functionalities that also enhance solubility in polar solvents, but there are no general methods for direct functionalization. A versatile method for the preparation of trimethylammonium- and triarylphosphonium-substituted bipyridines and azaheterocycles is disclosed. This methodology showcases a C-H activation of pyridine N-oxides that enables a highly modular and scalable synthesis of a diverse array of cationically charged azaarenes. The addition of trimethylammonium functionalities on bipyridine derivatives resulted in more anodic reduction potentials (up to 700 mV) and increased electrochemical reversibility compared to the neutral unfunctionalized bipyridine. Additonally, metallation of 4-triphenylphosphinated biquinoline to make the corresponding Re(CO)3Cl complex resulted in reduction potentials 400 mV more anodic than the neutral derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P King
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
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3
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Fan YX, Huang HL, Su QQ, Lv YZ, Li S, Ma YH, Mao YX, Ma CL, Du JY. Brønsted acid-mediated tandem cyclization of triarylphosphines and in situ generated ortho-alkynyl quinone methides: access to heterocyclic quaternary phosphonium salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3463-3466. [PMID: 36872868 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic Quaternary Phosphonium Salts (HQPS) have emerged as promising chemicals for organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. However, the present synthetic methodology of this type of compound is still limited. Here, we report a deconstructive reorganization strategy based on Brønsted acid-mediated tandem 1,4 addition/intramolecular cyclization of triphenylphosphine derivatives and in situ generated o-AQMs for the first time. This protocol provides a novel approach to heterocyclic quaternary phosphonium salts. The method also features a non-metal catalyst, mild reaction conditions, high efficiency and wide substrate scope. Moreover, a series of obtained heterocyclic phosphonium salts can be converted to isotopically labelled 2-benzofuran compounds directly by simple deuteration reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Hong-Li Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Qing-Qiang Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Yong-Zheng Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Shan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Yan-Hua Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Yan-Xin Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Chun-Lin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Ji-Yuan Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
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Bugaenko DI, Tikhanova OA, Karchava AV. Synthesis of Quinoline-2-thiones by Selective Deoxygenative C -H/C -S Functionalization of Quinoline N-Oxides with Thiourea. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1018-1023. [PMID: 36594585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline-2-thiones valuable for synthetic and medicinal chemistry applications were obtained with excellent regioselectivity employing a deoxygenative C-H functionalization of readily available quinoline-N-oxides with thiourea upon activation with triflic anhydride. Unlike the current methods, this approach provides general access to diverse quinoline-2-thiones functionalized with groups of different electronic natures. Experimental simplicity and good to high yields are advantages of this protocol. Given the high reactivity of quinoline-2-thiones, this method provides an entry point for the synthesis of diverse organosulfur quinoline scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Bugaenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Tikhanova
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Mehedi MSA, George DE, Tepe JJ. Sc(OTf) 3-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted 1 H-Pyrazoles and 3,5-Disubstituted Pyridines from Hydrazine or Ammonia with Epoxides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16820-16828. [PMID: 36475626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted 1H-pyrazoles and 3,5-disubstituted pyridines from the reaction of epoxides with hydrazine and ammonia, respectively. Both reactions utilize Sc(OTf)3 as a Lewis acid. The pyrazole synthesis utilizes N-bromosuccinimide to convert the intermediate pyrazolines to the pyrazoles, whereas the pyridine synthesis utilizes FeCl3 as a cocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafaat Al Mehedi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Dare E George
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Jetze J Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
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Wang D, Xu L, Zheng S, Yang X. Transition‐Metal‐Free Regioselective Direct C2, C4 Difunctionalization and C2, C4, C6 Trifunctionalization of Pyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shixin Zheng
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology CHINA
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Bowen J, Slebodnick C, Santos WL. Phosphine-catalyzed hydroboration of propiolonitriles: access to ( E)-1,2-vinylcyanotrifluoroborate derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5984-5987. [PMID: 35481802 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00603k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an organocatalytic trans hydroboration of 3-substituted-propiolonitriles. In the presence of catalytic amounts of tributylphosphine and pinacolborane, regioselective hydroboration of the internal triple bond proceeded in a stereoselective fashion under mild conditions to afford the corresponding (E)-1,2-vinylcyanoborane derivatives. The mechanism is proposed to occur through a 1,2-phosphine addition instead of a canonical 1,4-conjugate addition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Woo J, Christian AH, Burgess SA, Jiang Y, Mansoor UF, Levin MD. Scaffold hopping by net photochemical carbon deletion of azaarenes. Science 2022; 376:527-532. [PMID: 35482853 PMCID: PMC9107930 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Discovery chemists routinely identify purpose-tailored molecules through an iterative structural optimization approach, but the preparation of each successive candidate in a compound series can rarely be conducted in a manner matching their thought process. This is because many of the necessary chemical transformations required to modify compound cores in a straightforward fashion are not applicable in complex contexts. We report a method that addresses one facet of this problem by allowing chemists to hop directly between chemically distinct heteroaromatic scaffolds. Specifically, we show that selective photolysis of quinoline N-oxides with 390-nanometer light followed by acid-promoted rearrangement affords N-acylindoles while showing broad compatibility with medicinally relevant functionality. Applications to late-stage skeletal modification of compounds of pharmaceutical interest and more complex transformations involving serial single-atom changes are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Woo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Yuan Jiang
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Electrophilic nitropyridines react with sulfonyl-stabilized carbanions to give products of C-H alkylation via vicarious nucleophilic substitution. The process consists of formation of the Meisenheimer-type adduct followed by base-induced β-elimination of the sulfinic acid (e.g., PhSO2H). Mechanistic studies reveal that in the latter step alkyl substituent and adjacent nitro group tend to planarize for effective stabilization of benzyl anion, and thus, adduct of hindered isopropyl carbanion remains stable toward elimination for steric reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Antoniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Barbasiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Huang W, Ding X, Zi Y. Research Progress of Vinyl/Aryl Phosphonium Salts in Organic Synthesis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Horan AM, Duong VK, McGarrigle EM. Synthesis of Bis-heteroaryls Using Grignard Reagents and Pyridylsulfonium Salts. Org Lett 2021; 23:9089-9093. [PMID: 34784224 PMCID: PMC8650099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Herein are reported
ligand-coupling reactions of Grignard reagents
with pyridylsulfonium salts. The method has wide functional group
tolerance and enables the formation of bis-heterocycle linkages, including
2,4′-, 2,3′-, and 2,2′-bipyridines, as well as
pyridines linked to pyrimidines, pyrazines, isoxazoles, and benzothiophenes.
The methodology was successfully applied to the synthesis of the natural
products caerulomycin A and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Horan
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Vincent K Duong
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoghan M McGarrigle
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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