1
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Rahman P, Chakraborty N, Patel BK, Rajbongshi KK. Iodine-Promoted Sulfoximidation of Cinnamic Acids via Oxidative C═C Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10472-10484. [PMID: 39008892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
An iodine-promoted C═C bond cleavage with concomitant decarboxylation and cross-coupling between cinnamic acids and NH-sulfoximines has been developed. This reaction proceeds via selective C═C bond cleavage, followed by decarboxylation and oxidative sulfoximidation. This metal- and base-free protocol involves dioxygen as the source of oxygen, which is facilitated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant affording N-aroylated sulfoximines with good functional group tolerance and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parbin Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Nikita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Kamal K Rajbongshi
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
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2
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Jiang Q, Bao H, Peng Y, Zhou Y, Chen L, Liu Y. Demethylenative cyclization of 1,7-enynes using α-amino radicals as a traceless initiator enabled by Cu(I)-photosensitizers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6399-6402. [PMID: 38780373 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01592d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A rare type of demethylenative intramolecular cyclization of 1,7-enynes to access quinoline-2-(1H)-ones has been successfully developed under the catalysis of P/N-heteroleptic Cu(I)-photosensitizers. Preliminary mechanistic experiments revealed that the key to the success of this protocol lay in the α-amino radical addition-triggered tandem process of intramolecular radical cyclization/1,5-HAT/β-fragmentation. This protocol provides a new avenue for the deconstructive cyclization of alkene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Hanyang Bao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Lang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yunkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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3
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Zhang W, Ren J, Wang D, Sun TY, Xia XF. Selective Reduction of Triple Bond via Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer for the Synthesis of α, β-Unsaturated γ-Lactams. Org Lett 2024; 26:3982-3986. [PMID: 38690829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Described herein is the development of a visible-light-induced photoredox 1,6-enyne reductive cyclization via selective reduction of a triple bond instead of an activated double bond. The selective 1,6-enyne radical cyclization/carbon═carbon double bond cleavage provided a straightforward route to structurally valuable α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams. TEMPO-trap experiments, control experiments, and DFT calculations have offered evidence supporting the possible catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Juan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Institute of Molecular Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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4
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Yuan J, Shen L, Guo N, Yin Y, Yang P, Yang L, Xiao Y, Zhang S. Visible-Light-Induced Cascade Cyclization of 1-Acryloyl-2-cyanoindole: Access of Difluoroalkylated Pyrrolo[1,2- a]indolediones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16598-16608. [PMID: 37948397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
An effective method for accessing diverse difluoroalkylated pyrrolo[1,2-a]indolediones via visible-light-induced PhI(OAc)2-promoted cascade difluoroalkylation/cyclization reaction under mild conditions has been established. This method is noteworthy for its use of DMSO-H2O as a green medium at room temperature and avoidance of photocatalysts. The reactions are straightforward to execute and convenient to expand on, provide good to excellent yields, and have good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lu Shen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Na Guo
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Yin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Liangru Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shouren Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, P. R. China
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5
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Ran YS, Jiang B, Shen YT, Fan TG, Jiang W, Zhang C, Li YM. Visible-Light-Promoted Cascade Cyclization of 3-Ethynyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-Carbonitriles with Unsaturated α-Bromocarbonyls. Org Lett 2023; 25:7412-7416. [PMID: 37788358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted cascade cyclization of 3-ethynyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carbonitriles with unsaturated α-bromocarbonyls for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[mn]cyclopenta[b]acridines is described. Three C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds, one C(sp2)-N bond, and three cycles can be formed in a single reaction through the addition of a C-centered radical to the carbon-carbon triple bond and three radical cyclizations. This reaction features mild conditions, wide substrate scope, and high bond-forming efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Song Ran
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Tao Shen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Tai-Gang Fan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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6
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Upreti GC, Singh T, Chaudhary D, Singh A. Cascade Cyclizations Triggered by Photochemically Generated Carbamoyl Radicals Derived from Alkyl Amines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11801-11808. [PMID: 37555769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on a visible light-mediated cascade carbamoylation/cyclization of acrylamides using dihydropyridyl carbamoyl donors derived from alkyl amines. Diversely selected acrylamides including 2-cyano-N-arylacrylamides, indolyl- and benzimidazolyl acrylamides, and 2-alkynyl-N-aryl acrylamides participate in this reaction, providing products in good yields. The highlights of this photochemical method include the application of alkyl amine-derived carbamoyl donors, peroxide-free reaction conditions, and a broad scope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tavinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divakar Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Zhang Q, Yue P, Lei H, Zhou CY, Wang C. Metal- and light-free approach to polyheterocycles via a quinone-Cs2CO3 couple promoted regioselective cascade radical cyclization. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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8
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Zhu SS, Liu JK, Qin LZ, Wang J, Duan X, Yuan X, Qiu JK, Guo K. Visible-Light-Promoted Cyanoalkylation/Cyclization Cascade Reaction to Assemble Polyheterocycles in Continuous Flow. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2057-2068. [PMID: 36710438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a visible-light-induced cascade reaction for preparing cyanoalkyl-containing polyheterocycles initiated by the photoinduced radical cascade addition of N-arylacrylamide derivatives using cyclic oxime esters as radical sources followed by cyanoalkyl-mediated cyclization. This protocol features outstanding functional group compatibility, providing a variety of desired phenanthridine derivatives in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the application of a microflow technique enhanced these reactions compared with the equivalent batch reaction, significantly reducing reaction times to 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Long-Zhou Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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9
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Zheng YN, Cai XE, Wu HL, Zhou Y, Tian WC, Ruan Y, Liu H, Wei WT. Metal- and Base-Free Radical Cascade Cyclization/Hydrolysis of CN-Containing 1,6-Enynes with Ethers to Access Polyheterocycles. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201149. [PMID: 36550634 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and straightforward approach for the radical cascade cyclization/hydrolysis of CN-containing 1,6-enynes with simple ethers under metal- and base-free conditions is described. This strategy provides a variety of valuable ethers-substituted polyheterocycles via the construction of three C-C bonds, one C=O bond, and two new six-membered rings within a single procedure. The resulting products can smoothly undergo follow-up conversions to various useful scaffolds. The methodology shows excellent functional group tolerance, high step- and atom- economy, and mild reaction conditions, which can be further scaled up to gram quantity in a satisfactory yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Er Cai
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Li Wu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Chan Tian
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Ruan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, 325035, Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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10
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Hu SJ, Jiang LL, Qiu H, Luo CM, Guan YT, Li L, Dong Y, Lei KW, Wei WT. Cyclization/hydrolysis of 1,5-enenitriles initiated by sulfonyl radicals in the aqueous phase in the presence of the I 2/TBHP system. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6418-6422. [PMID: 35876742 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel cyclization/hydrolysis of 1,5-enenitriles for the synthesis of valuable pyrrolidine-2,4-diones in the aqueous phase using I2 as the catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant is reported. In the presence of the I2/TBHP system, sulfonyl hydrazides produce sulfonyl radicals, which undergo radical addition, intramolecular cyclization, hydrogen abstraction, and hydrolysis to give the final products. The use of the inexpensive and environmentally friendly I2/TBHP catalytic oxidation system in the aqueous phase makes it a benign and sustainable strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Jie Hu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Li-Lin Jiang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Hui Qiu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Chun-Mei Luo
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Guan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Long Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Youren Dong
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Ke-Wei Lei
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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11
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Hao W, Li K, Ye C, Yu W, Chang J. Iodine-Mediated C═C Double Bond Cleavage toward Pyrido[2,1- b]quinazolinones. Org Lett 2022; 24:3286-3290. [PMID: 35446041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free C═C double bond cleavage reaction employing molecular iodine is described. In the presence of K2CO3 as the base, I2-mediated C═C bond cleavage followed by intramolecular annulation of N-(2-vinylaryl)pyridin-2-amine substrates produces pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolinones and related heterocyclic compounds. This reaction can be completed on a gram scale and has been successfully applied to the synthesis of compounds with important biological properties, including efflux pump inhibitory and antiallergic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hao
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kailu Li
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenyang Ye
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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12
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Guo S, Wang X, Zhao D, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Tang S, Sun K. Convenient Access to Ester‐Containing Quinolinones Through Sequential Radical Alkoxycarbonylation/Cyclization/Hydrolysis Process. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sa Guo
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xin Wang
- Yantai University School of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shi Tang
- Jishou University School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Kai Sun
- Yantai University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
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13
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Zhao F, Guo S, Zhang Y, Sun T, Yang B, Ye Y, Sun K. Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative radical relay difluoroalkylation–carbocyclization: convenient access to CF 2-containing quinolinones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01425k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical Ag-catalyzed formal decarboxylation and radical difluoroalkylation–carbocyclization–hydrolysis route is established to construct a series of structurally diverse CF2-containing N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, P. R. China
| | - Sa Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ting Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ye
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China
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